CN103388545A - 用于喷射器的封闭栓 - Google Patents

用于喷射器的封闭栓 Download PDF

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CN103388545A
CN103388545A CN201310240200XA CN201310240200A CN103388545A CN 103388545 A CN103388545 A CN 103388545A CN 201310240200X A CN201310240200X A CN 201310240200XA CN 201310240200 A CN201310240200 A CN 201310240200A CN 103388545 A CN103388545 A CN 103388545A
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sealing
inserts
high pressure
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CN103388545B (zh
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S·帕塞达赫
C·格拉斯佩昂特纳
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0003—Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/004—Joints; Sealings
    • F02M55/005—Joints; Sealings for high pressure conduits, e.g. connected to pump outlet or to injector inlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/02—Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
    • F02M55/025—Common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/165—Filtering elements specially adapted in fuel inlets to injector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0054—Check valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/007—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
    • F02M63/0078—Valve member details, e.g. special shape, hollow or fuel passages in the valve member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0205—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively for cutting-out pumps or injectors in case of abnormal operation of the engine or the injection apparatus, e.g. over-speed, break-down of fuel pumps or injectors ; for cutting-out pumps for stopping the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/18—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for maintaining safety not otherwise provided for

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于喷射器的封闭栓。一种用于模块化的共轨燃料喷射***的喷射器的封闭栓(5)包括至少一个用于高压燃料的高压接头(20)，塞栓式的、能***所述喷射器的开口(3)中的区段(4)，该区段具有优选锥形的第一密封面(6)以用于高压密封地封闭该开口(3)，其中该塞栓式的区段(4)具有与所述高压接头(20)处于液压连接中的、通入到所述喷射器内的高压孔(11)，以及通流限制器(16)，用于限制输送到所述喷射器内的燃料量，其中所述塞栓式的区段(4)具有嵌件(24)，该嵌件内构造了所述通流限制器(16)并且该嵌件拥有所述第一密封面(6)。

Description

用于喷射器的封闭栓
技术领域
本发明涉及用于模块化的共轨燃料喷射***的喷射器的封闭栓。
背景技术
模块化的共轨***的突出之处在于，***中存在的存储体积的一部分在喷射器自身内存在。模块化的共轨***在特别大的发动机内应用，对于这种发动机而言单个喷射器可能彼此相隔很大的距离设置。为所有喷射器唯一应用一个共轨对于这样的发动机而言没有意义，因为由于长的管路会在喷射期间导致喷射压力的巨大的干扰，以致在较长的喷射持续期间喷射速率显著被干扰。因此对于这样的发动机规定，在每个喷射器的内部设置高压存储器。这样的结构方式称为模块化结构，因为每个单个的喷射器拥有它自己的高压存储器并因此可以作为独立的模块使用。所谓高压存储器在这里不是理解为一般的管路，而是其涉及具有供给管路或者说排出管路的压力固定的容器，它的直径与高压管路相比显著增大，由此能够从该高压存储器中给出一定的喷射量而不会导致立刻的压力降。
高压燃料从高压泵供应给模块化的共轨***的喷射器，其中该供应大多通过喷射器的位于高压存储器的顶面(所谓的顶部供给)处的开口进行。引导高压燃料的高压管路在喷射器上的连接在此通过设有高压接头的封闭栓进行，该封闭栓具有能***喷射器的开口内的区段，该区段具有优选锥形的密封面以用于高压密封地封闭该开口。由此，集成的高压存储器的体积被密封。封闭栓通常另外具有为相邻的喷射器导送燃料的功能，为此目的设置第二高压接头。
在封闭栓内集成了通流限制器，它在通流量过大时把喷射器从高压燃料流入端分离。
从制造技术的理由出发，封闭栓在根据现有技术的实施方式中具有在轴向上贯通的高压孔，高压接头沿径向通入其内并且高压燃料通过它被导入高压存储器内。该轴向的高压孔借助封闭螺栓向外得到密封
在封闭栓的上述构造中的缺点是，它的内轮廓由几何结构决定在整个长度上由高压燃料的全部压力加载，从而在几何构造和表面光洁度方面需要高的质量，然而这在制造时很难实现。尤其难于制造的用于通流限制器的几何结构是成问题的。这导致了在***压力超过1600bar的情况下经久耐用的设计不再可能。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的在于避免上述缺点。另外本发明的任务在于创造一种结构，它容易制造并且用它能实现以简单的方式使通流限制器的封闭量适应各种需要。
为解决该任务，开文所述类型的封闭栓包括至少一个用于高压燃料的高压接头，还包括塞栓式的、能***喷射器的开口中的区段，该区段具有优选锥形的第一密封面以用于高压密封地封闭该开口，其中该塞栓式的区段具有与高压接头处于液压连接之中的、通入喷射器内的高压孔，并包括通流限制器，所述通流限制器用于限制输送到喷射器内的燃料量，根据本发明基本上这样构造，塞栓式的区段具有嵌件，在该嵌件内构造通流限制器并且该嵌件拥有第一密封面。因此封闭栓的塞栓式的区段至少用两部分构成，其中嵌件朝向高压存储器并且用第一密封面保证高压存储器的密封。通过现在在该嵌件内设置通流限制器，通流限制器的难于制造的几何结构被限制在该嵌件上，从而封闭栓的基体能够大大简化地制造。基体的由高压加载的几何结构尤其能够设有适宜的半径和表面而没有制造工艺方面的困难。此外两部分的实施方式使得封闭栓的高压孔不再必须通过整个封闭栓延伸，从而能够放弃使用封闭螺栓，由此减小通过未授权的人员操作的危险。另外的优点在于，在保留相同的基体的情况下能够以简单的方式更换嵌件，从而通过提供多个具有不同设计的通流限制器的嵌件实现通流限制器的封闭量的简单的匹配。
嵌件不必为与基体连接而拥有自己的连接器件。而是设置一种优选的构造，使得基体与喷射器本体旋紧的同时为嵌件提供所需要的保持力。为此目的该构造优选如此实现，即嵌件具有肩部，肩部具有优选锥形的第二密封面，该密封面与塞栓式的区段的配合面共同作用。封闭栓的旋入过程于是将需要的密封力同时带到两个密封面上，亦即带到在喷射器本体和嵌件之间起作用的第一密封面上并带到在嵌件和封闭栓或者说塞栓式的区段的基体之间起作用的第二密封面上。优选第一和/或第二密封面构造为锥形或者说圆锥形。
嵌件的尤其紧接在肩部上的轴向区段被接纳在塞栓式的区段的接纳孔内是有利的。在该轴向区段内可以特别优选让通流限制器至少部分地设置，由此能够实现高的耐久性。正如与一种优选的改型相符的那样，这尤其当嵌件的轴向区段如此被接纳在接纳孔内以致于它可从外部且可从内部用高压燃料的压力加载时如此。由此产生压力平衡区，其把压力波动抑制在基本上较小的程度。尤其使在通流限制器上作用的压力冲击最小化。在该压力平衡区内能够容易地实现通流限制器的难于制造的几何结构，而不会损害耐久性。为实现压力平衡区，嵌件的在接纳孔内接纳的区段至少在它的前面的区域内以相对于后面的、朝向高压存储器的区域稍微缩小的外直径构造。此外嵌件如此构造，使得在它的端面和接纳孔的底部之间保留缝隙，由此能够在压力平衡区内从外部由高压燃料对嵌件加载。
另外一种优选的改型规定，接纳孔在至高压孔的过渡处具有用于通流限制器的关闭机构尤其球体的环形的支承面。
为在向内燃机的燃烧室内喷射燃料期间能够让燃料继流
Figure BSA00000912097800031
到高压存储器内且为阻止单个喷射器的喷射压力或者喷射量的相对影响，优选规定，高压孔通过在嵌件内构造的节流件通入到喷射器内。节流件在嵌件内的布置产生的优点是，通过更换嵌件以简单的方式实现节流横截面对于各种需求的匹配，而不必为此替换整个封闭栓。
优选在嵌件内设置滤芯(Stabfilter)，它阻止燃料中的粗的颗粒。
附图说明
下面根据在附图中示意表示的实施例详细说明本发明。其中图1表示根据现有技术的封闭栓的构造，图2表示根据本发明的构造。
具体实施方式
图1示出喷射器本体1的端区段，其内集成了高压存储器2。含有高压存储器2的部分有时也称为保持体。喷射器本体或者保持体1具有通向高压存储器2的开口3，封闭栓5的塞栓式的区段4***该开口内。塞栓式的区段4在朝向高压存储器2的端面上具有一个锥形的密封面6，该密封面与在开口3的边缘处的相应的配合面共同作用。需要的保持力借助锁紧螺母7施加，锁紧螺母以它的内螺纹与喷射器本体2和封闭栓5的在轴向彼此相随的外螺纹共同作用。在封闭栓5的肩部8和喷射器本体1的环形的端面9之间设置了缝隙10，以便避免双重配合(Doppelpassung)。
另外设置了在轴向穿过封闭栓5的高压孔11，该高压孔在一侧借助封闭螺栓12封闭并且在另一侧通过节流件13与高压存储器2处于连接之中。封闭螺栓11具有在中央的突起14，该突起支撑通流限制器16的球体15。球体15借助螺旋弹簧17在朝向突起14的方向上施力。通流限制器16的阀座用18表示。通流限制器16的功用如下：在共轨***中在不合适的情况下会发生泄漏，假定在管路***中或者通过故障的喷射阀。具有导致向燃烧室持续喷射的夹紧的喷嘴针的喷射阀可能引起极大的损坏。该损坏可能导致车辆燃烧或者导致发动机损毁。具有封闭功能的通流限制器用于避免这种危险，它在可从高压存储器的最大提取的提取量被超过的情况下封闭有关的喷射器的入口并由此将喷射泵侧的高压从喷射阀侧脱耦。
在根据图1的构造中球体15在孔11中被压在止挡(突起14)上，并且通过在喷射期间形成的流动基于球体环流时的压力差而在密封座18的方向上运动。在超过最大的喷射量的情况下球体15进入到座18内并且阻止继续流入喷射器内，由此阻止持续喷射。
在高压孔11内还设置了滤芯19。在高压孔11内通入一个径向管路，该径向管路装备有高压接头20。在高压接头20上连接了未详细表示的管路，通过该管路由未图示的泵进行高压燃料的供给。封闭栓5具有另外的高压接头21，通过该高压接头能够建立与后继的喷射器的连接。
在根据图1的构造中高压孔11在运行中由高压燃料的压力加载，这在***压力超过1600bar的情况下在为构造通流限制器所需要的半径和类似的几何尺寸的范围内导致不可靠的动态的负荷。
在根据图2的本发明的构造中对于相同的部分使用与图1中相同的附图标记。封闭栓5的塞栓式的区段4具有接纳孔22，嵌件24的轴向区段23被接纳在该接纳孔内。嵌件24在高压孔11内含有通流限制器16、滤芯19和节流件13。嵌件24具有肩部25，在该肩部上构造了锥形的密封面26，该密封面与塞栓式的区段4的锥形的配合面共同作用，这使得封闭栓5的借助锁紧螺母7的旋紧同时产生了在密封面6和在密封面26上的密封力。
轴向区段23的端面以一段间隔终止在设置在接纳孔22至高压孔11的过渡处的环形的支承面28之前。另外，在接纳孔22内接纳的轴向区段23构成为在它的前部区域27内具有缩小的外直径，从而由此在轴向区段23的前部区域27的***和接纳孔22之间产生的环形缝隙内高压燃料的压力能够从外部对通流限制器16作用。这引起了通流限制器16的压力平衡区，从而减小了波动负荷。

Claims (10)

1.用于模块化的共轨燃料喷射***的喷射器的封闭栓，包括
-至少一个用于高压燃料的高压接头，
-塞栓式的、能***到喷射器的开口中的区段，该区段具有优选锥形的第一密封面以用于高压密封地封闭所述开口，其中所述塞栓式的区段具有与所述高压接头处于液压连接之中的、通入到所述喷射器内的高压孔，以及
-通流限制器，用于限制输送到所述喷射器中的燃料量，
其特征在于，所述塞栓式的区段(4)具有嵌件(24)，在所述嵌件内构造了所述通流限制器(16)并且所述嵌件拥有所述第一密封面(6)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的封闭栓，其特征在于，所述嵌件(24)具有肩部(25)，所述肩部具有优选锥形的第二密封面(26)，所述第二密封面与所述塞栓式的区段(4)的配合面共同作用。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的封闭栓，其特征在于，所述嵌件(24)的尤其紧接在所述肩部(25)上的轴向区段(23)被接纳在所述塞栓式的区段(4)的接纳孔(22)内。
4.根据权利要求3所述的封闭栓，其特征在于，所述通流限制器(16)至少部分被设置在所述嵌件(24)的在所述接纳孔(22)内接纳的轴向区段(23)中。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的封闭栓，其特征在于，所述嵌件(24)的轴向区段(23)被如此接纳在所述接纳孔(22)中，从而它能够从外部并能够从内部用所述高压燃料的压力加载。
6.根据权利要求3、4或5所述的封闭栓，其特征在于，所述接纳孔(22)在至所述高压孔(11)的过渡处具有用于所述通流限制器(16)的关闭机构尤其球体(15)的环形的支承面(28)。
7.根据权利要求1到6之一所述的封闭栓，其特征在于，所述高压孔(11)通过在所述嵌件(24)内构造的节流件(13)通入到所述喷射器中。
8.根据权利要求1到7之一所述的封闭栓，其特征在于，在所述嵌件(24)内设置了滤芯(19)。
9.模块化的共轨燃料喷射***的喷射器，包括集成在喷射器本体(1)内的高压存储器(2)，所述高压存储器利用根据权利要求1到8之一所述的封闭栓(5)得以封闭。
10.根据权利要求9所述的喷射器，其特征在于，所述封闭栓(5)和所述喷射器本体(1)借助锁紧螺母(7)彼此连接。
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