CN103382841B - Low dilution ore-drawing quantitative control methodin under covering layer - Google Patents
Low dilution ore-drawing quantitative control methodin under covering layer Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012888 cubic function Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses Low dilution ore-drawing quantitative control methodin under a kind of covering layer, according to ore body condition and capacity of equipment determination height of lift H; When ore drawing control (1) is tangent between two, the spacing of adjacent drawhole (2) is drift interval L; Drawing pace is recommended by vertical half axial length of ore drawing control; Utilize the cubic function relation between Ore Flows height x and Ore Flows weight y
carry out Controlled ore drawing; Physics three-dimensional model and PFC3d numerical model are set up in several groups of stope structure parameter combinations according to recommending, and carry out Ore drawing simulation respectively, preferred optimal parameter combination.In the present invention, the determination of stope structure parameter is determined actual recording on ore drawing control basis, mine, and with strong points, reliability is high; It is preferred that the mode utilizing physical analogy to combine with numerical simulation carries out demonstration, thus determine optimal parameter combination and ore drawing mode, obtain Caving Method with Large Space stope structure parameter preferably with a whole set of technology of low dilution and loss drawing under covering layer, improve science and the reliability of ore drawing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ore drawing method of stope under a kind of covering layer, especially Low dilution ore-drawing control method under sublevel caving method without sill pillar covering layer is related to, the design of sublevel caving method without sill pillar stope ore drawing can be widely used in, be specially adapted to the underground mine using sublevel caving method without sill pillar exploitation ore body.
Background technology
Oper cylinler caved stopes has that stoping strength is large, efficiency is high and low cost and other advantages, is used widely in underground mine particularly big-and-middle-sized underground mine.The feature of caved stopes relies on avalanche country rock bashing, presses to release the object of pressing with reaching management, and in mining process, broken ore directly contacts with barren rock (avalanche country rock), defines ore drawing under the particularity-overlying strata of caved stopes.Obviously, ore drawing under overlying strata, controls badly will cause serious ore losses and depletion issues, thus worsens every technical-economic index of mining.
Exactly because the quality of ore drawing work determines the techno-economic effect of Caving Method with Large Space to a great extent, ore drawing work becomes work the most important and the most key in each production process of caved stopes.Affect the most important factor of ore drawing work and comprise stope structure parameter and rational schedule of ore drawing.Stope structure parameter mainly comprises height of lift, drift interval and drawing pace etc., the determination that schedule of ore drawing mainly comprises ore removal way and the determination cut off grade of ore drawing.
Current China underground metal mine generally adopts sublevel caving method without sill pillar, particularly iron ore, more than 70% of overall recovery is accounted for the iron ore of this method extraction, and the ore drawing scheme in these mines relies on experience to formulate mostly, the combination of its stope structure parameter lacks scientific basis with ore removal way, best drift interval and drawing pace cannot be combined when adopting high sublevel, be difficult to determine optimum ore removal way and ore removal cut-off grade, cause overlying strata and quick-fried fall ore mix in a large number, ore deposit rock contact surface pole irregularity and be difficult to PREDICTIVE CONTROL, directly results in the decline of every technical-economic index, the mining recovery average out to 75% ~ 80% of the underground mine of current domestic employing sublevel caving method without sill pillar mining, the rate of dilution is 20% ~ 25%.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly the problem for the high rate of dilution existed in current sublevel caving method without sill pillar ore drawing, the low rate of recovery, provides Low dilution ore-drawing quantitative control methodin under a kind of covering layer for adopting the underground mine of sublevel caving method without sill pillar exploitation.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, under covering layer of the present invention, Low dilution ore-drawing quantitative control methodin is by the following technical solutions:
1) determination of height of lift H: described height of lift H determines according to ore body condition and capacity of equipment, adopting accurate cutting engineering quantity for reducing, under the prerequisite analyzing the actual occurrence condition of specific mine ore body and capacity of equipment, selecting higher height of lift H.
2) determination of drift interval L: for determining best drift interval value, the ore drawing control developmental morphology in specific mine need be explored, ore drawing test model is made in proportion in laboratory, carry out testing and draw out ore drawing control development model, planar alignment ore drawing control, when ore drawing control is tangent between two, the spacing of adjacent drawhole is the drift interval L determined.
3) determination of drawing pace b: analytical calculation ore drawing tests the vertical half shaft length that the ore drawing control drawn out grows threedimensional model, tentatively determines that this vertical half axial length is drawing pace b, and respectively get several value as selection indicators in upper and lower 20% scope of its value.General respectively get 2 values up and down or 3 values are advisable.
4) ore removal way and ore removal cut-off grade is determined: the Low dilution ore-drawing mode adopting " above leave behind and pick up ", during many segmentation exploitations, on top, cut-off grade 4.8%-5.2% ore removal is pressed in several segmentation, lower segment by traditional calculations gained cut-off grade concentrating mining, wherein adopts 5% cut-off grade, lower segment to be excellent by set cut-off grade concentrating mining by upper segment.The Low dilution ore-drawing of cut-off grade 4.8%-5.2% ensure that the regular of ore deposit rock contact surface, reduces dilution.
5) the cubic function equation of Ore Flows height under set route mouth size and Ore Flows weight can be obtained according to the test of previous monomer ore drawing, utilize the cubic function relation between following Ore Flows height x and Ore Flows weight y and curve thereof to carry out Controlled ore drawing, its cubic function closes and is
this route mouth Ore Flows height x is conversed according to releasing ore weight y during ore drawing in stope, carry out Controlled ore drawing, can accurately stop to during the rock stratum level of top by ore drawing, also can judge whether have barren rock in ore removal process according to this reduction formula, grasp distribution height and the arranging situation of ore deposit rock contact surface in real time.
6) similar test simulation ore drawing: the mode utilizing physics three-dimensional modelling to combine with PFC3d numerical simulation carries out Ore drawing simulation respectively, by the rate of recovery, rate of dilution principle of optimality, determine the ore removal way under the combination of best stope structure parameter and this parameter and ore removal cut-off grade, obtain overlying strata and bend down dilution Controlled ore drawing overall technical architecture.
After under covering layer of the present invention, Low dilution ore-drawing quantitative control methodin adopts above technical scheme, have the following advantages:
(1) recommend stope structure parameter according to the actual ore drawing control in mine, theory and practice combines, with strong points, reliability is high.
(2) traditional ore removal way multi-source is in experience, and the present invention adopts the cut-off grade of 4.8%-5.2% to carry out Low dilution ore-drawing at upper segment, and bottom is concentrating mining again, prevents ore from occurring large area dilution ahead of time.
(3) the present invention releases the cubic function relation between height x and Ore Flows weight y under disclosing set stope structure parameter first according to monomer assays, namely
.Effectively Controlled ore drawing can be carried out according to this principle, can according to put yield accurately calculate ore drawing control arrive height, also the maximum ore amount can released under can calculating set cut-off grade according to ore caving height gauge, effectively can reduce ore dilution, improves ore recovery ratio.
(4) it is preferred that the mode that the present invention utilizes physical analogy to combine with numerical simulation carries out demonstration, thus determine optimal parameter combination and ore drawing mode, obtain Caving Method with Large Space stope structure parameter preferably with the technological package of low dilution and loss drawing under covering layer, improve science and the reliability of ore drawing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the route of arranged tangential determination between two width in ore drawing control plane that under covering layer of the present invention, Low dilution ore-drawing quantitative control methodin obtains;
Fig. 2 is the cubic function graph of a relation under the set stope structure parameter that under covering layer of the present invention, Low dilution ore-drawing quantitative control methodin draws between monomer experiment ore drawing Ore Flows height x and Ore Flows weight y;
Fig. 3 is the physics ore drawing test model structure chart of Low dilution ore-drawing quantitative control methodin under covering layer of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is I-I to sectional view in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a kind of Three-dimension Numerical Model simulation ore drawing schematic diagram of Low dilution ore-drawing quantitative control methodin under covering layer of the present invention.
Reference numeral is: 1-ore drawing control; 2-route mouth; 3-barren rock; 4-ore; 5-withdrawable iron sheet; 6-model abutment wall.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, Low dilution ore-drawing quantitative control methodin under covering layer of the present invention is described in further detail.
Under utilizing covering layer of the present invention, Low dilution ore-drawing quantitative control methodin carries out ore drawing schematic design to elder brother's steel Dahongshan iron ore sublevel caving method without sill pillar 400m exploitation below horizontal.According to ore body condition and adopt installing standby, tentatively drafting height of lift H is 30m.
In the ore drawing control plane that under covering layer of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, Low dilution ore-drawing quantitative control methodin obtains, the schematic diagram of the route of arranged tangential determination between two width is found out, when ore drawing control 1 is tangent between two in the plane, the spacing of adjacent drawhole 2 is the drift interval L determined, be 24m through measuring drift interval L, height of lift H is now 30m.
Tested by ore drawing and measure the vertical half shaft length that this ore deposit ore drawing control grows threedimensional model, in the upper and lower certain limit of its value, respectively get several value as selection indicators, recommend drawing pace b to be respectively 5.04m, 6.16m, 6.72m, 7.56m.
More than 400m level, two segment design adopt low dilution ore removal, and ore removal cut-off grade is that 5%, 400m, three segmentations below horizontal adopt traditional cut-off grade ore removal way.
Cubic function graph of a relation under the set stope structure parameter that under covering layer of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, Low dilution ore-drawing quantitative control methodin draws between monomer experiment ore drawing Ore Flows height x and Ore Flows weight y is found out, its cubic function closes and is
, this route mouth Ore Flows height x can be conversed according to releasing ore weight y during ore drawing in stope, carry out Controlled ore drawing.
Recommended parameter combination is respectively height of lift H × drift interval L × drawing pace b and is respectively
30 × 24 × 5.04m, 30 × 24 × 6.16m, 30 × 24 × 6.72m, 30 × 24 × 7.56m tetra-groups, carry out stereotest simulation by fixed ore removal way and cut-off grade.Shown in Fig. 3 is the physics ore drawing test model structure chart of Low dilution ore-drawing quantitative control methodin under covering layer of the present invention, and Fig. 4 is that test obtains the rate of recovery, the rate of dilution under each parameters combination I-I to sectional view in Fig. 3.In Fig. 3, Fig. 4, the route mouth 2 of ore removal route is parallel, layering is arranged up and down, and barren rock 3 is positioned at covering layer top, and ore 4 is positioned at covering layer bottom, and 5 is withdrawable iron sheet, ore loading height h=20+30+30+20+20=120cm.
The three-dimensional numerical value Ore drawing model with stereotest model same size structure set up by recycling PFC3d software, by identical ore drawing program simulation ore drawing, obtains the rate of recovery under each combination parameter, the rate of dilution respectively.Fig. 5 is a kind of Three-dimension Numerical Model simulation ore drawing schematic diagram of Low dilution ore-drawing quantitative control methodin under covering layer of the present invention, indicates the process of PFC3d numerical model simulation ore drawing.After ore drawing, barren rock 3 is positioned at top, and ore 4 is positioned at bottom, and model abutment wall 6 is positioned at the side of model.
Comprehensive Comparison stereotest model and numerical model ore drawing return poor index, the rate of recovery, the rate of dilution index the best when result display drawing pace b is 6.72m.Thus obtain overlying strata and bend down dilution Controlled ore drawing overall plan: namely best stope structure parameter is combined as 30 × 24 × 6.72m, ore drawing mode is that more than 400m level adopts Low dilution ore-drawing ore removal cut-off grade to be that 5%, 400m is below horizontal to utilize functional equation and curve in accompanying drawing 2 to carry out Controlled ore drawing.
Claims (2)
1. a Low dilution ore-drawing quantitative control methodin under covering layer, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) determination of height of lift H: described height of lift H determines according to ore body condition and capacity of equipment;
2) determination of drift interval L: make ore drawing test model in proportion in laboratory, carry out testing and draw out ore drawing control development model, planar alignment ore drawing control (1), when ore drawing control (1) is tangent between two, the spacing of adjacent drawhole (2) is the drift interval L determined;
3) determination of drawing pace b: analytical calculation ore drawing tests the vertical half shaft length that the ore drawing control drawn out grows threedimensional model, tentatively determines that this vertical half axial length is drawing pace b, and respectively get several value as selection indicators in upper and lower 5% scope of its value;
4) ore removal way and ore removal cut-off grade is determined: during many segmentation exploitations, several segmentation is by cut-off grade 4.8%-5.2% ore removal on top, and lower segment is by traditional calculations gained cut-off grade concentrating mining;
5) utilize the cubic function relation between following Ore Flows height x and Ore Flows weight y and curve thereof to carry out Controlled ore drawing, it is y=72.963x that its cubic function closes
3+ 188.17x
2-381.93x+323.33;
6) similar test simulation ore drawing: the mode utilizing physics three-dimensional modelling to combine with PFC3d numerical simulation carries out Ore drawing simulation respectively, by the rate of recovery, rate of dilution principle of optimality, determine the ore removal way under the combination of best stope structure parameter and this parameter and ore removal cut-off grade, obtain overlying strata and bend down dilution Controlled ore drawing overall technical architecture.
2. Low dilution ore-drawing quantitative control methodin under covering layer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: upper segment adopts 5% cut-off grade, lower segment is by set traditional cut-off grade concentrating mining.
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| CN106567711B (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-09-28 | 云南迪庆有色金属有限责任公司 | A kind of method and system based on the long-term drawing program of natural caving method |
| CN110410078B (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2020-09-22 | 武汉科技大学 | Mine low dilution mining method for sill pillar-free sublevel caving method |
| CN113887781A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2022-01-04 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Method for optimizing gold ore caving method stope structure parameters through ore drawing test |
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| CN1470740A (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2004-01-28 | 宝钢集团上海梅山有限公司 | Big-interval bottom-column-free sectional caving stoping method |
| CN1693662A (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2005-11-09 | 东北大学 | Improved sublevel caving method without bottom column |
| US20090255783A1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2009-10-15 | Harry Martin | Arrangement for extracting extraction products in Underground extraction operations in caving |
| CN102748029A (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2012-10-24 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Sectional mining method |
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| CN1470740A (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2004-01-28 | 宝钢集团上海梅山有限公司 | Big-interval bottom-column-free sectional caving stoping method |
| CN1693662A (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2005-11-09 | 东北大学 | Improved sublevel caving method without bottom column |
| US20090255783A1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2009-10-15 | Harry Martin | Arrangement for extracting extraction products in Underground extraction operations in caving |
| CN102748029A (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2012-10-24 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Sectional mining method |
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