CN103375162B - The method of monitoring slit formation formation pressure gradient - Google Patents

The method of monitoring slit formation formation pressure gradient Download PDF

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CN103375162B
CN103375162B CN201210114690.4A CN201210114690A CN103375162B CN 103375162 B CN103375162 B CN 103375162B CN 201210114690 A CN201210114690 A CN 201210114690A CN 103375162 B CN103375162 B CN 103375162B
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formation
sigma
gas
gradient
water layer
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CN103375162A (en
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王志战
张卫
刘江涛
秦黎明
张新华
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering
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Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of monitoring slit formation carbonate formation barometric gradient method.It comprises the following steps: step 1: Sigma exponential curve and its Trendline Sigma of setting up slit formation carbonate formation n; Step 2: in drilling process, judges that stratum is gas-bearing formation or water layer; Step 3: when stratum is water layer, then set up the outlet electrical conductivity of drilling fluid and the ratio (C of entrance electrical conductivity out/ C in) curve and Trendline (C thereof out/ C in) n, and calculate the barometric gradient of water layer; When stratum is gas-bearing formation, set up rate of discharge O curve and its Trendline O n, and calculate the barometric gradient of gas-bearing formation; Wherein, G nfor Hydrostatic pressure gradient, G bfor the barometric gradient that fluid buoyancy effect produces.

Description

The method of monitoring slit formation formation pressure gradient
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of monitoring slit formation formation pressure gradient, particularly a kind of method of monitoring slit formation carbonate formation barometric gradient.
Background technology
In drilling process, abnormal pressure particularly abnormal pressure has damaging effect to drilling safety, is therefore subject to the great attention of petroleum works circle.As can not accurate measurements APG, then in drilling process, likely there is the complex accident such as well kick, blowout.
At present, the monitoring model of APG comprises the front earthquake prediction of brill, with the monitoring of brill well logging, bores the methods such as rear logging evaluation, these methods are all the undercompaction principle based on mudstone layer substantially, and namely along with the increase of buried depth of strata, degree of porosity exponentially formula reduces.Usually, the Trendline of the curve such as seismic interval velocity, well logging dc index, well logging sonic differential time shows as one increases with the degree of depth and the straight line that increases.When running into undercompacted formation, because degree of porosity becomes large, corresponding curve also can produce ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS, and its amplitude of variation and uncompaction degree and pressure anomaly amplitude are functional relation.Usually equivalent depth method, method of Eaton, ratio method etc. can be adopted to carry out the quantitative calculating of strata pressure for undercompacted formation.
For carbonate formation, well logging substantially generally adopt Sigma index method carry out APG monitoring while drilling.The deposition of carbonate formation act as master with chemical bond, so the dc index on normal pressure stratum, Sigma index do not increase with the increase of buried depth, its " Trendline " is a vertical line (see Fig. 1), this illustrates that overlying stress does not act on formation fluid, therefore equivalent depth method and method of Eaton inapplicable.For slit formation carbonate formation, dc exponential sum Sigma index can reduce, and departs from " Trendline ".The crack of the slit formation carbonate formation of certain areas (as Northeast Sichuan area) is the result of tectonic stress effect, and abnormal pressure is wherein migrated by fluid (as gas, water) and tectonic compression produces.Due to this complexity of slit formation carbonate formation, be difficult to its carry out abnormal pressure with brill accurate measurements.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem existing in prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of method of monitoring slit formation carbonate formation barometric gradient, can comparatively monitor slit formation carbonate formation.
According to the present invention, propose a kind of method of monitoring slit formation carbonate formation barometric gradient, it comprises the following steps:
Step 1: Sigma exponential curve and its Trendline Sigma of setting up slit formation carbonate formation n;
Step 2: in drilling process, judges that stratum is gas-bearing formation or water layer;
Step 3: when for water layer, sets up the outlet electrical conductivity of drilling fluid and the ratio (C of entrance electrical conductivity out/ C in) curve and its Trendline (C out/ C in) n, and through type (A) carrys out calculating pressure gradient
G f w = G n × Sigma n S i g m a × ( C o u t / C i n ) n ( C o u t / C i n ) + G b Formula (A),
Pressure power gradient G fwmaximum value as the barometric gradient of this stratomere;
When for gas-bearing formation, set up curve and its Trendline O of rate of discharge O n, and through type (B) carrys out calculating pressure gradient
G f g = G n × Sigma n S i g m a × O O n + G b Formula (B),
Pressure power gradient G fgmaximum value as the barometric gradient of this stratomere;
Wherein, G nfor Hydrostatic pressure gradient, G bfor the barometric gradient that fluid buoyancy effect produces.
According to method of the present invention, calculating the barometric gradient G of slit formation carbonate rock water layer fwtime, take into full account the impact of various factors formation barometric gradient, such as G nrepresent the impact of Hydrostatic pressure gradient, Sigma n/ Sigma represents the impact of structure extruding, represent the impact that formation water fills, G brepresent the impact of formation water buoyancy, whole ratio method computational process then represents the impact of chemical bond effect.Therefore, compared with traditional Sigma index, method of the present invention comparatively accurately can monitor the barometric gradient of slit formation carbonate rock water layer.
According to method of the present invention, calculating the barometric gradient G of slit formation carbonate rock gas-bearing formation fgtime, consider the impact of various factors formation barometric gradient equally, such as G nrepresent the impact of Hydrostatic pressure gradient, O/O nrepresent the impact that hydro carbons volume increases, G brepresent the impact of buoyant gas, Sigma n/ Sigma represents the impact of structure extruding, and whole ratio method computational methods then consider the impact of chemical bond effect.Therefore the barometric gradient of slit formation carbonate rock gas-bearing formation comparatively accurately can be monitored according to method of the present invention.
According to method of the present invention, also comprise preliminary step before step 1: the reservoir space type detecting carbonate samples.Described carbonate samples takes from the stratum of positive drilling well, to determine, in computational process subsequently, whether this method is suitable for.
According to method of the present invention, in drilling process, need to judge that stratum is gas-bearing formation or water layer, so that use corresponding formation pressure gradient design formulas to calculate formation pressure gradient.Judge that a certain stratum is that gas-bearing formation or water layer it is known to those skilled in the art that.Such as, when gas survey see well show time, be gas-bearing formation; When the ratio of drilling fluid outlet electrical conductivity and entrance electrical conductivity obviously declines, it is water layer.
According to method of the present invention, for same drilling well area, G nand G bfor fixed value.In one embodiment, for water layer, G n=1.02g/cm 3, G b=0.2g/cm 3.For gas-bearing formation, G n=1.02g/cm 3, G b=0.05g/cm 3.
According to method of the present invention, in drilling process, Sigma index, O and (C out/ C in) be each rice or half meter of record one sub-value.
According to method of the present invention, Sigma naccording to formula foundation below: Sigma n=a × H+b, wherein, a is the slope of Sigma index return equation, and b is the intercept of Sigma index return equation, and H is well depth.For different stratum, because Sigma index return equation is different, therefore a and b also can be different.In a water layer embodiment, a=0, b=0.3, therefore Sigma n=0.3, i.e. Sigma nshow as one not with the straight line of drilling depth change.In a gas-bearing formation embodiment, Sigma n=1.2.
According to method of the present invention, (C out/ C in) nand O nuse and Sigma nthe identical method of method for building up set up.In a water layer embodiment, (C out/ C in) n=1.5; In a gas-bearing formation embodiment, O n=18.5.
Compared with the method for now widely used Sigma Index Monitoring slit formation carbonate formation barometric gradient, method of the present invention has considered the various influence factors of formation barometric gradient.For gas-bearing formation, these influence factors comprise structure extruding, hydro carbons fills, buoyant gas; For water layer, these influence factors comprise structure extruding, formation water fills, formation water buoyancy, and thus method of the present invention all can comparatively its barometric gradient of monitor for slit formation carbonate rock gas-bearing formation and water layer.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 is Sigma index, the dc index curve diagram on normal stratum;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart implementing method of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the nuclear magnetic resonance T of the carbonate samples according to the first embodiment 2relaxation spectrum;
Fig. 4 is the curve map of the measurement parameter according to the first embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the nuclear magnetic resonance T of the carbonate samples according to the second embodiment 2relaxation spectrum;
Fig. 6 is the curve map of the measurement parameter according to the second embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 2 is the flow process implementing method of the present invention, and it is for measuring the barometric gradient of slit formation carbonate formation.Said method comprising the steps of:
Step 11: Sigma exponential curve and its Trendline Sigma of setting up slit formation carbonate formation n;
Step 12: judge that stratum is gas-bearing formation/water layer;
Step 13: when for water layer, then set up the outlet electrical conductivity of drilling fluid and the ratio (C of entrance electrical conductivity out/ C in) curve and its Trendline (C out/ C in) n;
Step 14: the barometric gradient calculating water layer, and get the barometric gradient of its maximum value as this stratomere.
Step 15: when for gas-bearing formation, sets up curve and its Trendline O of drilling fluids outlet flow O n;
Step 16: the barometric gradient calculating gas-bearing formation, and get the barometric gradient of its maximum value as this stratomere;
Understandably, before step 11, also preliminary step can be had: the reservoir space type detecting carbonate samples.In one embodiment, by the nuclear magnetic resonance T of rock 2relaxation spectrum judges the reservoir space type of rock.The reservoir space of carbonate rock is divided into crack and hole usually, and it is at nuclear magnetic resonance T 2relaxation spectrum is expressed as the peak with different relaxation time and varying strength, such as T 2the peak of >25ms is peak, crack, T 2the peak of <25ms is hole peak.When intensity or the Area-dominant at peak, crack, then think that stratum is slit formation carbonate formation; And when the intensity at hole peak or Area-dominant, then think that stratum is pore type carbonate formation.
Embodiment 1:
Choose the carbonate samples of the M1 well 6675m degree of depth, use nuclear magnetic resonance T 2relaxation spectrum detects the type of its reservoir space, as shown in Figure 3.As can be seen from Figure 3, the reservoir space of carbonate samples is slit formation, and therefore this stratum is slit formation carbonate formation.
According to method of the present invention, the numerical value of each meter Ji Lu logging parameters, in the stratum of the 6675-6745m degree of depth, the ratio of drilling fluid outlet electrical conductivity and entrance electrical conductivity obviously declines, left avertence is from Trendline, and therefore this stratum is water layer, as shown in table 1 (in Table 1, only have selected the part logging parameters calculated required for aquifer pressure gradient), M1 well is slit formation carbonate rock water layer on the stratum of the 6675-6745m degree of depth thus.Fig. 4 shows the change situation of logging parameters visually with curve mode.
By being calculated by Sigma index return, draw Sigma Trendline Sigma nvalue is 0.3.Ratio (the C of same drilling fluid outlet electrical conductivity and entrance electrical conductivity out/ C in) Trendline (C out/ C in) n=1.5, as shown in table 1 and Fig. 4.Because this stratum is water layer, so G n=1.02g/cm 3, G b=0.2g/cm 3.
Method of the present invention is used to calculate the barometric gradient G on this stratum fw: wherein G fwmaximum value is 2.11g/cm 3, as shown in table 1, therefore use method of the present invention to judge the barometric gradient G of this water layer fwfor 2.11g/cm 3.The barometric gradient on this stratum using the method for Eaton of Sigma index to calculate is 1.82g/cm 3.And the barometric gradient of surveying this water layer is 2.13g/cm 3.As can be seen here, compared with using the method for Eaton of Sigma index, method of the present invention can calculate the barometric gradient of water layer more accurately.
Table 1
Embodiment 2:
Choose the carbonate samples of the M2 well 6525m degree of depth, use nuclear magnetic resonance T 2relaxation spectrum detects the type of its reservoir space, as shown in Figure 5.As can be seen from Figure 5, the reservoir space of carbonate samples is slit formation, and therefore this stratum is slit formation carbonate formation.
According to method of the present invention, the numerical value of each meter Ji Lu logging parameters, in the stratum of the 6525-6590m degree of depth, gas is surveyed and is seen good display, therefore this stratum is gas-bearing formation, (in table 2, only have selected the part logging parameters calculated required for gas-bearing formation barometric gradient) as shown in table 2, M2 well is slit formation carbonate rock gas-bearing formation on the stratum of the 6525-6590m degree of depth thus.Fig. 6 shows the change situation of logging parameters visually with curve mode.
By being calculated by Sigma index return, draw Sigma Trendline Sigma nvalue is 1.2.The Trendline O of same drilling fluids outlet flow O n=18.5, as shown in table 2 and Fig. 6.Because this stratum is gas-bearing formation, so G n=1.02g/cm 3, G b=0.05g/cm 3.
Use method of the present invention to calculate the barometric gradient G on this stratum fg: wherein G fgmaximum value is 2.25g/cm 3, as shown in table 2, therefore use method of the present invention to judge the barometric gradient G of this gas-bearing formation fgfor 2.25g/cm 3.The barometric gradient on this stratum using the method for Eaton of Sigma index to calculate is 1.85g/cm 3.And the observed pressure gradient of this gas-bearing formation is 2.27g/cm 3.As can be seen here, compared with using the method for Eaton of Sigma index, method of the present invention can calculate the barometric gradient of gas-bearing formation more accurately.
Table 2
Well depth Sigma Sigma n Sigma n/Sigma O O n O/O n G fg FP Sigma
6525.00 1.50 1.20 0.80 21.2 18.50 1.15 0.98 1.45
6526.00 1.47 1.20 0.82 23 18.50 1.24 1.09 1.50
6527.00 1.52 1.20 0.79 27.8 18.50 1.50 1.26 1.53
6528.00 1.64 1.20 0.73 29.4 18.50 1.59 1.24 1.55
6529.00 1.52 1.20 0.79 30.1 18.50 1.63 1.36 1.55
6530.00 1.04 1.20 1.15 31.3 18.50 1.69 2.03 1.54
6531.00 1.16 1.20 1.04 32.8 18.50 1.77 1.93 1.55
6532.00 1.16 1.20 1.04 32.7 18.50 1.77 1.92 1.55
6533.00 1.15 1.20 1.04 30.4 18.50 1.64 1.79 1.58
6534.00 1.04 1.20 1.16 30.5 18.50 1.65 2.00 1.61
6535.00 1.11 1.20 1.08 30 18.50 1.62 1.84 1.59
6536.00 1.08 1.20 1.12 29.7 18.50 1.61 1.88 1.58
6537.00 1.04 1.20 1.15 29.5 18.50 1.59 1.92 1.57
6538.00 1.08 1.20 1.11 30.3 18.50 1.64 1.90 1.57
6539.00 1.15 1.20 1.05 31.2 18.50 1.69 1.85 1.56
6540.00 1.15 1.20 1.04 31.4 18.50 1.70 1.86 1.55
6541.00 1.06 1.20 1.13 31.2 18.50 1.69 2.00 1.60
6542.00 0.99 1.20 1.21 31.7 18.50 1.71 2.17 1.65
6543.00 0.96 1.20 1.26 31.4 18.50 1.70 2.23 1.67
6544.00 0.97 1.20 1.24 31.1 18.50 1.68 2.18 1.68
6545.00 1.03 1.20 1.17 31.5 18.50 1.70 2.08 1.68
6546.00 0.97 1.20 1.24 31.2 18.50 1.69 2.19 1.68
6547.00 0.93 1.20 1.29 31 18.50 1.68 2.25 1.67
Well depth Sigma Sigma n Sigma n/Sigma O O n O/O n G fg FP Sigma
6548.00 0.91 1.20 1.32 22.6 18.50 1.22 1.69 1.67
6549.00 0.85 1.20 1.41 26.8 18.50 1.45 2.14 1.76
6550.00 0.86 1.20 1.40 27 18.50 1.46 2.13 1.85
6551.00 0.90 1.20 1.33 28.6 18.50 1.55 2.15 1.84
6552.00 0.98 1.20 1.22 26.5 18.50 1.43 1.84 1.83
6553.00 0.98 1.20 1.22 27.2 18.50 1.47 1.89 1.83
6554.00 0.90 1.20 1.33 27.4 18.50 1.48 2.06 1.83
6555.00 0.93 1.20 1.29 30.9 18.50 1.67 2.25 1.81
6556.00 0.89 1.20 1.35 26.9 18.50 1.45 2.05 1.78
6557.00 0.91 1.20 1.32 27.6 18.50 1.49 2.06 1.78
6558.00 0.85 1.20 1.41 26.3 18.50 1.42 2.10 1.77
6559.00 0.94 1.20 1.28 26.1 18.50 1.41 1.89 1.73
6560.00 0.95 1.20 1.27 26.1 18.50 1.41 1.87 1.69
6561.00 0.99 1.20 1.22 28.7 18.50 1.55 1.97 1.69
6562.00 0.98 1.20 1.23 28.9 18.50 1.56 2.00 1.69
6563.00 1.00 1.20 1.20 30.2 18.50 1.63 2.05 1.67
6564.00 1.04 1.20 1.16 28 18.50 1.51 1.84 1.66
6565.00 1.02 1.20 1.17 29 18.50 1.57 1.92 1.66
6566.00 1.00 1.20 1.20 29.1 18.50 1.57 1.98 1.67
6567.00 1.00 1.20 1.20 27.5 18.50 1.49 1.86 1.66
6568.00 1.05 1.20 1.15 30.1 18.50 1.63 1.95 1.65
6569.00 1.04 1.20 1.15 30.1 18.50 1.63 1.96 1.65
6570.00 1.03 1.20 1.17 30 18.50 1.62 1.98 1.66
6571.00 0.97 1.20 1.24 30.6 18.50 1.65 2.14 1.66
6572.00 1.01 1.20 1.19 30.4 18.50 1.64 2.04 1.67
6573.00 1.02 1.20 1.18 29.5 18.50 1.59 1.97 1.66
6574.00 1.01 1.20 1.18 28.9 18.50 1.56 1.94 1.66
6575.00 1.00 1.20 1.20 29.5 18.50 1.59 2.00 1.65
6576.00 1.02 1.20 1.18 29.7 18.50 1.61 1.98 1.65
6577.00 1.03 1.20 1.16 28.6 18.50 1.55 1.88 1.64
6578.00 1.04 1.20 1.15 30.4 18.50 1.64 1.99 1.63
6579.00 1.07 1.20 1.12 30.7 18.50 1.66 1.95 1.61
6580.00 1.08 1.20 1.11 30.4 18.50 1.64 1.92 1.60
6581.00 1.07 1.20 1.13 31.5 18.50 1.70 2.01 1.61
6582.00 1.08 1.20 1.12 29.4 18.50 1.59 1.86 1.62
6583.00 1.10 1.20 1.09 29.4 18.50 1.59 1.82 1.61
6584.00 1.11 1.20 1.08 30.2 18.50 1.63 1.85 1.60
6585.00 1.09 1.20 1.10 29.7 18.50 1.61 1.85 1.60
6586.00 1.10 1.20 1.09 30.2 18.50 1.63 1.87 1.60
Well depth Sigma Sigma n Sigma n/Sigma O O n O/O n G fg FP Sigma
6587.00 0.98 1.20 1.23 31.2 18.50 1.69 2.16 1.66
6588.00 0.89 1.20 1.35 29.3 18.50 1.58 2.23 1.72
6589.00 0.93 1.20 1.29 30.6 18.50 1.65 2.22 1.71
6590.00 0.93 1.20 1.29 30.2 18.50 1.63 2.19 1.70
The barometric gradient of slit formation carbonate formation comparatively accurately can be calculated, for ensureing the technical support that drilling safety provides strong according to method of the present invention.
Although invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiment, without departing from the scope of the invention, various improvement can be carried out to it.The present invention is not limited to embodiment disclosed in literary composition, but comprises all technical schemes fallen in the scope of claim.

Claims (10)

1. monitor a method for slit formation carbonate formation barometric gradient, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: Sigma exponential curve and its Trendline Sigma of setting up slit formation carbonate formation n;
Step 2: in drilling process, judges that stratum is gas-bearing formation or water layer;
Step 3: when for water layer, then set up the ratio (C of drilling fluid outlet electrical conductivity and entrance electrical conductivity out/ C in) curve and its Trendline (C out/ C in) n, and through type (A) carrys out calculating pressure gradient
G f w = G n &times; Sigma n S i g m a &times; ( C o u t / C i n ) n ( C o u t / C i n ) + G b Formula (A),
Pressure power gradient G fwmaximum value as the barometric gradient of this stratomere;
When for gas-bearing formation, set up curve and its Trendline O of drilling fluids outlet flow O n, and through type (B) carrys out calculating pressure gradient
G f g = G n &times; Sigma n S i g m a &times; O O n + G b Formula (B),
Pressure power gradient G fgmaximum value as the barometric gradient of this stratomere;
Wherein, G nfor Hydrostatic pressure gradient, G bfor the barometric gradient that fluid buoyancy effect produces.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises preliminary step before step 1: the reservoir space type detecting carbonate samples.
3. the method according to the claims 1 or 2, is characterized in that, for same drilling well area, and described G nand G bfor fixed value.
4. the method according to the claims 3, is characterized in that, for water layer, and G n=1.02g/cm 3, G b=0.2g/cm 3.
5. the method according to the claims 3, is characterized in that, for gas-bearing formation, and G n=1.02g/cm 3, G b=0.05g/cm 3.
6. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described Sigma index, O and (C out/ C in) be each rice or half meter of record one sub-value.
7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, for water layer, and Sigma n=0.3; (C out/ C in) n=1.5.
8. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, for gas-bearing formation, and Sigma n=1.2, O n=18.5.
9. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in drilling process, when gas survey see well show time, stratum is gas-bearing formation.
10. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in drilling process, when the ratio of drilling fluid outlet electrical conductivity and entrance electrical conductivity obviously declines, stratum is water layer.
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Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991004500A1 (en) * 1989-09-20 1991-04-04 Chevron Research And Technology Company Pore pressure prediction method

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AU2003234322A1 (en) * 2002-04-10 2004-03-29 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method, apparatus and system for pore pressure prediction in presence of dipping formations

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991004500A1 (en) * 1989-09-20 1991-04-04 Chevron Research And Technology Company Pore pressure prediction method
CN1052530A (en) * 1989-09-20 1991-06-26 切夫里昂研究和技术公司 Pore pressure prediction method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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