CN103366043A - Three-point support optimization design method of machine tool bed based on response surface model - Google Patents
Three-point support optimization design method of machine tool bed based on response surface model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-point support optimization design method of a machine tool bed based on a response surface model. The method comprises the steps that a simplified model of a bed structure is established in CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software; three-point support limiting positions are found; a variable design space and an optimization objective are determined; test sample points for statics analysis are selected from the design space, and subjected to the statics analysis by finite element analysis software; a response value is calculated and extracted; a second-order response surface model, reflecting an input-output relation of structural design, of deformation at guide rails of the bed is established according to the response value; an optimal solution of the response surface model is acquired by a genetic algorithm; based on the established second-order response surface model, three-point support positions when the deformation of the guide rails is minimum are found; a practical model of the bed is subjected to the statics analysis; and the reliability of three-point support optimization design is verified. With the adoption of the method, the deformation of a machine tool is reduced; the machining precision of the machine tool is improved; the three-point support optimization efficiency and the optimization precision are improved; and the problems that the calculation amount is large, the efficiency is low, and an optimal result cannot be ensured easily in the existing optimization technique are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Big Part in Machine Tool Optimization Design, particularly relate to a kind of bed piece supported at three point Optimization Design based on response surface model.
Background technology
Machine tool leveling is maintaining important impact to stability and the precision of machine tooling, and traditional lathe bed is the fixing connected mode in foot bolt and ground peripherally, and contact point is many, is unfavorable for machine tool leveling.Supported at three point utilizes 3 principles of determining one side, is convenient to machine tool leveling, not only can improve stability and the precision of lathe, can also save erected cost, shortens installation period.
At present, the optimization for supported at three point on the lathe bed still is confined to relative method.Its essence is the deviser according to design experiences, repeatedly revise the position of supported at three point, arrange limited parameter combinations to carry out numerical simulation analysis and calculate, selectivity is best from this limited parameter combinations.This method is difficult to guarantee that selected parameter combinations is optimum, and selects parameter combinations and carry out numerical simulation analysis and calculate and need to consume the plenty of time, can not satisfy modern machine design production requirement.Therefore, propose a kind of bed piece supported at three point Optimization Design based on response surface model, solve optimization efficiency and optimize the problems such as precision is low.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is, a kind of optimal design that can realize efficiently the lathe bed structure supported at three point is provided, and reaches the bed piece supported at three point Optimization Design based on response surface model that improves optimization efficiency and optimize the precision purpose.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of bed piece supported at three point Optimization Design based on response surface model comprises the steps:
(1) in CAD software, sets up the simplified model of lathe bed structure;
(2) find out the extreme position of supported at three point, determine Variational Design space and optimization aim;
(3) adopt the Central Composite test design method, in the design space, choose the test sample point of statics Analysis;
(4) the test sample point that utilizes finite element analysis software that step (3) is obtained carries out statics Analysis and calculates, and extracts response, and described response is the enveloping solid of bed ways place distortion;
(5) response that obtains according to step (4) is set up the bed ways place distortion second-order response surface model of reflect structure design input and output relation, in bed ways place distortion second-order response surface model, with the position of supported at three point as the structural design input variable, the height of the rectangle enveloping solid of guide rail distortion constructs the second-order response surface model that guide rail is out of shape as the structural design output variable according to the position of supported at three point and in the distortion of diverse location place guide rail;
(6) use genetic algorithm to obtain the response surface model optimum solution, on the basis of the second-order response surface model that step (5) is set up, use genetic algorithm that response surface model is optimized, find out guide rail distortion supported at three point position hour;
(7) the lathe bed realistic model is carried out statics Analysis, the reliability of checking supported at three point optimal design.
After the simplified model of the described lathe bed structure of step (1) refers to remove lightening hole and these complicated internal informations of fenestra, only comprise the lathe bed structure simplified model of lathe bed physical dimension and reinforcing plate structure.
The extreme position of the described supported at three point of step (2) is the center of gravity by column, slide carriage and main spindle box, the center of gravity of slide carriage and main spindle box, and the c.g. limits position of slide and worktable is determined, to guarantee that each center of gravity is within the supported at three point scope.
When the described Variational Design of step (2) space refers to that each center of gravity is within the supported at three point scope, the variation range of supported at three point position.
The described optimization aim of step (2) refers to that the height of the rectangle enveloping solid of the guide rail distortion on the lathe bed is minimum.
The test sample point of the described statics Analysis of step (3) is to determine rational testing site according to the test design theory, and this test design is selected the Central Composite test design method.
The extraction of the described bed ways of step (4) place distortion enveloping solid is:
1) utilizes finite element analysis software that the test sample point is carried out statics Analysis, extract the lathe bed upper rail and be out of shape everywhere;
2) based on minimum diameter right cylinder envelope single guide rail everywhere the distortion of Matlab software with axial and guide rail parallel;
3) with the cylindrical envelope body of two guide rail distortion of minimum rectangular parallelepiped envelope, the higher position that obtains minimum rectangular parallelepiped is response.
Second-order response surface model representation for n design variable in the step (5) is:
In the formula: y is output variable; x
iBe design variable; N is the number of design variable; β is undetermined coefficient, is obtained by the least square regression match.
Step (7) is that the lathe bed realistic model is carried out statics Analysis, statics Analysis result before and after the contrast supported at three point is optimized, if the supported at three point after optimizing reduces the distortion of lathe bed upper rail significantly, then meet the demands, optimize and finish and the output optimum results, otherwise, rebuild response surface, continue to optimize.
A kind of bed piece supported at three point Optimization Design based on response surface model of the present invention by the supported at three point optimal design, reduces the lathe distortion, improves machine finish; Based on the optimization method of response surface model and genetic algorithm, improve the supported at three point optimization efficiency and optimize precision, solved that calculated amount is large in the existing optimisation technique, efficient is low, be difficult to guarantee the most excellent problem of result.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is supported at three point design optimizing process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the extreme position schematic diagram of supported at three point;
Among the figure: a-column, slide carriage, main spindle box are in the center of gravity of left end extreme position; B-column, slide carriage, main spindle box are in the center of gravity of extreme right position; C-slide carriage, main spindle box are in the center of gravity of left end extreme position; D-slide carriage, main spindle box are in the center of gravity of extreme right position; E-slide, worktable are in the center of gravity of Z-direction extreme limit of travel position; F-supported at three point extreme position;
Fig. 3 is the design variable schematic diagram;
Among the figure: X1, X2 and X3 are the design variables of three points.
Fig. 4 is guide rail distortion enveloping solid schematic diagram;
Among the figure: the single guide rail distortion of a-smallest cylinder enveloping solid; Two guide rails of b-are out of shape minimum rectangular parallelepiped enveloping solid; The height of c-rectangular parallelepiped is response.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing a kind of bed piece supported at three point Optimization Design based on response surface model of the present invention is made a detailed description.
The present invention be directed to that existing lathe is difficult for leveling and the large piece optimization efficient of machine tool structure is low, be difficult to guarantee the problem such as optimum results global optimum, a kind of bed piece supported at three point Optimization Design based on response surface model that proposes, realize efficiently the optimal design to the lathe bed structure supported at three point, reach the purpose that improves optimization efficiency and optimize precision, finally reach the purpose that lathe is easy to leveling and improves machine finish.
A kind of bed piece supported at three point Optimization Design based on response surface model of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) in CAD software, sets up the simplified model of lathe bed structure;
After the simplified model of described lathe bed structure refers to remove these complicated internal informations such as lightening hole and fenestra, only comprise the lathe bed structure simplified model of lathe bed physical dimension and reinforcing plate structure.The simplified model information of lathe bed structure only comprises lathe bed physical dimension and reinforcing plate structure, does not comprise the complicated internal information such as described lightening hole, fenestra.
The present invention is the simplified model of setting up lathe bed structure in Pro/E software.With the optimal design that the lathe bed simplified model replaces the lathe bed realistic model to carry out supported at three point, this is because when carrying out the supported at three point optimal design, has enough intensity for guaranteeing lathe bed, and the position of described supported at three point should be in the longitudinal and transverse gusset infall of lathe bed.Therefore, according to the supported at three point position, need to readjust the layout of lathe bed gusset.The practical structures of lathe bed is very complicated, and various gusset, curved surface, fenestra are arranged, and thickness is different everywhere, and geometric configuration is also changeable.When the lathe bed gusset rearranged, the curved surface on the lathe bed, fenestra also will rearrange along with the change of gusset, and the workload that this just increases the supported at three point optimal design to a certain extent reduces the supported at three point optimization efficiency.So simplify Machine body, simplified model information only comprises lathe bed physical dimension and reinforcing plate structure, does not comprise the complicated internal information such as described, lightening hole, fenestra.Therefore, the lathe bed simplified model is carried out the optimal design of supported at three point, can avoid lightening hole, fenestra to rearrange this problem, and then reduce calculated amount, raising supported at three point optimal design efficient.
(2) find out the extreme position of supported at three point, determine Variational Design space and optimization aim;
The extreme position of described supported at three point is the center of gravity by column, slide carriage and main spindle box, the center of gravity of slide carriage and main spindle box, and the c.g. limits position of slide and worktable is determined, to guarantee that each center of gravity is within the supported at three point scope; When described Variational Design space refers to that each center of gravity is within the supported at three point scope, the variation range of supported at three point position; Described optimization aim refers to that the height of the rectangle enveloping solid of the guide rail distortion on the lathe bed is minimum.
The extreme position of described supported at three point as shown in Figure 2, a point is that column, slide carriage, main spindle box are in the center of gravity of left end extreme position; The b point is that column, slide carriage, main spindle box are in the center of gravity of extreme right position; The c point is that slide carriage, main spindle box are in the center of gravity of left end extreme position; The d point is that slide carriage, main spindle box are in the center of gravity of extreme right position; The e point is that slide, worktable are in the center of gravity of Z-direction extreme limit of travel position; The f point is the supported at three point extreme position.
The design variable of described supported at three point as shown in Figure 3, X1, X2 and X3 are the support variable of three points.
The supported at three point optimization of Machine body is that location dimension with supported at three point is as design variable.If described supported at three point design is unreasonable, in workpiece process, lathe produces moment of flexure under its parts self gravitation effect, increases the complete machine distortion, reduces its machining precision.When described Machine body is carried out described supported at three point optimal design, for guaranteeing the stability of described machine tooling, the center of gravity of column, slide carriage, main spindle box, the center of gravity of slide carriage, main spindle box, the c.g. limits position of slide, worktable must be within the gusseted scope.Determine the extreme position of described supported at three point according to the extreme position of above-mentioned each center of gravity, namely determine the Variational Design space.
Lathe bed, slide and worktable assembly in chip-load, it supports the leave the bed maximum distortion of guide rail with it of the gravity of parts and self gravitation effect thereof and can not reflect accurately the quiet rigidity of described lathe.For reflecting accurately described lathe bed distortion to the impact of described machine finish, optimization aim of the present invention is the enveloping solid of lathe bed upper rail distortion.As shown in Figure 4, use first the single guide rail of the minimum diameter right cylinder envelope distortion everywhere of axial and guide rail parallel, be single guide rail distortion smallest cylinder enveloping solid such as a among the figure, with the cylindrical envelope body of two guide rail distortion of minimum rectangular parallelepiped envelope, be that two guide rails are out of shape minimum rectangular parallelepiped enveloping solid such as the b among the figure again.The high c of minimum rectangular parallelepiped is exactly response.
(3) adopt the Central Composite test design method, in the design space, choose the test sample point of statics Analysis;
The selection of described testing site is most important to the structure of response surface, not only affects the precision of described response surface model, undesirable testing site even cause response surface model to make up.Therefore, the test sample of described statics Analysis point is to determine rational design point according to the experimental design theory.In order to make up response surface model, test design of the present invention is selected the Central Composite test design method, and the test sample point can be provided with minimum working cycle.
Described Central Composite test design (CCD) method is only done the numerical analysis test at central point and extension point, and the test sample point can be provided with minimum working cycle.For the structure of response surface model, required minimum test is counted should be more than or equal to the polynomial item number of response surface model, and the testing site is more generally speaking, and the response surface model degree of accuracy of structure is higher.Supported at three point optimization problem in the embodiment of the invention has 3 design variables, and for response surface model, required minimum described test sample point number is 10.The present invention chooses 20 test sample points by the Central Composite test, wherein comprises 6 central points, and the degree of accuracy of the response surface model of structure is guaranteed.
(4) the test sample point that utilizes finite element analysis software that step (3) is obtained carries out statics Analysis and calculates, and extracts response, and described response is the enveloping solid of bed ways place distortion;
The extraction of described bed ways place distortion enveloping solid is:
1) utilizes finite element analysis software that the test sample point is carried out statics Analysis, extract the lathe bed upper rail and be out of shape everywhere;
2) based on Matlab software envelope is carried out in the guide rail distortion of extracting, namely use axially and the single guide rail of the minimum diameter right cylinder envelope distortion everywhere of guide rail parallel;
3) with the cylindrical envelope body of two guide rail distortion of minimum rectangular parallelepiped envelope, the higher position that obtains minimum rectangular parallelepiped is response, extracts the response of test sample point, for the response surface match lays the foundation.
(5) response that obtains according to step (4) is set up the bed ways place distortion second-order response surface model of reflect structure design input and output relation, and response surface model is to represent described design variable recessive in the optimization problem and the relation between the described response with dominant function expression.The optimal design of lathe bed structure supported at three point is selected the second-order response surface model with high accuracy commonly used, in bed ways place distortion second-order response surface model, with the position of supported at three point as the structural design input variable, the height of the rectangle enveloping solid of guide rail distortion is as the structural design output variable, according to the position of supported at three point and construct the second-order response surface model of guide rail distortion in the distortion of diverse location place guide rail, for the second-order response surface model representation of n design variable be:
In the formula: y is output variable; x
iBe design variable; N is the number of design variable; β is undetermined coefficient, is obtained by the least square regression match.
Replace the real variable value to carry out with the coding variate-value, replace the real variable value can give expression to more intuitively variable information with the coding variate-value, the coding variable is used for described response surface match can reduce calculated amount, improves optimization efficiency.
Structure by guide rail deformation response surface model can obtain each design variable to the degree of impact of guide rail distortion, and the predictive ability of response surface model, for the optimization of next step described response surface model is laid a good foundation.
(6) use genetic algorithm to obtain the response surface model optimum solution, on the basis of the second-order response surface model that step (5) is set up, use genetic algorithm that response surface model is optimized, find out guide rail distortion supported at three point position hour;
Utilize genetic algorithm to carry out supported at three point optimization, can utilize fully on the one hand the ability of searching optimum of genetic algorithm, Finding Global Optimization in fairly large solution space; On the other hand, utilize the characteristics such as the implinit parallelism of genetic algorithm and strong robustness, can reduce fully the time of finding the solution of problem, improve the solution efficiency of problem.
On the response surface model basis of setting up, utilize genetic algorithm cyclic approximation optimization technology that the lathe bed three-point support structure is optimized, obtain the supported at three point optimum solution.During genetic algorithm optimization, select each iteration individuality to add up to 100 among the present invention, maximum operation algebraically is 200.
(7) the lathe bed realistic model is carried out statics Analysis, the reliability of checking supported at three point optimal design.
According to lathe bed simplified model supported at three point optimum results, set up the three-point support structure of lathe bed realistic model.Optimize the position as foundation take supported at three point, rearrange gusset and lathe bed bottom surface fenestra etc.Cloth muscle principle: arrange first the in length and breadth gusset of supported at three point place, adopt again even cloth muscle method to arrange the gusset at other position.Do not increase in the situation that guarantee the lathe bed quality, the gusset layout after optimizing according to supported at three point rearranges lathe bed lightening hole and bottom surface fenestra, sets up the lathe bed realistic model after optimizing.
The lathe bed realistic model is carried out statics Analysis, that is, utilize finite element analysis software that the assembly of lathe bed realistic model, slide, worktable is carried out statics Analysis, and statics Analysis result before and after optimizing is compared.Statics Analysis result before and after the contrast supported at three point is optimized if the supported at three point after optimizing reduces the distortion of lathe bed upper rail significantly, then meets the demands, optimizing process finishes, and the output optimum results, otherwise, rebuild response surface, continue to optimize, until meet the demands.Optimization by the machine tool body structure supported at three point proves that Optimization Design of the present invention is effectively correct, has stronger operability.
Above embodiment only is used for technology of the present invention is described and unrestricted, although with reference to example the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make amendment or on an equal basis replacement to of the present invention, and not breaking away from aim and the scope of the technology of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the bed piece supported at three point Optimization Design based on response surface model is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) in CAD software, sets up the simplified model of lathe bed structure;
(2) find out the extreme position of supported at three point, determine Variational Design space and optimization aim;
(3) adopt the Central Composite test design method, in the design space, choose the test sample point of statics Analysis;
(4) the test sample point that utilizes finite element analysis software that step (3) is obtained carries out statics Analysis and calculates, and extracts response, and described response is the enveloping solid of bed ways place distortion;
(5) response that obtains according to step (4) is set up the bed ways place distortion second-order response surface model of reflect structure design input and output relation, in bed ways place distortion second-order response surface model, with the position of supported at three point as the structural design input variable, the height of the rectangle enveloping solid of guide rail distortion constructs the second-order response surface model that guide rail is out of shape as the structural design output variable according to the position of supported at three point and in the distortion of diverse location place guide rail;
(6) use genetic algorithm to obtain the response surface model optimum solution, on the basis of the second-order response surface model that step (5) is set up, use genetic algorithm that response surface model is optimized, find out guide rail distortion supported at three point position hour;
(7) the lathe bed realistic model is carried out statics Analysis, the reliability of checking supported at three point optimal design.
2. a kind of bed piece supported at three point Optimization Design based on response surface model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, after the simplified model of the described lathe bed structure of step (1) refers to remove lightening hole and these complicated internal informations of fenestra, only comprise the lathe bed structure simplified model of lathe bed physical dimension and reinforcing plate structure.
3. a kind of bed piece supported at three point Optimization Design based on response surface model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the extreme position of the described supported at three point of step (2) is the center of gravity by column, slide carriage and main spindle box, the center of gravity of slide carriage and main spindle box, the c.g. limits position of slide and worktable is determined, to guarantee that each center of gravity is within the supported at three point scope.
4. a kind of bed piece supported at three point Optimization Design based on response surface model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when the described Variational Design of step (2) space refers to that each center of gravity is within the supported at three point scope, the variation range of supported at three point position.
5. a kind of bed piece supported at three point Optimization Design based on response surface model according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described optimization aim of step (2) refers to that the height of the rectangle enveloping solid of the guide rail distortion on the lathe bed is minimum.
6. a kind of bed piece supported at three point Optimization Design based on response surface model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the test sample point of the described statics Analysis of step (3), be to determine rational testing site according to the test design theory, this test design is selected the Central Composite test design method.
7. a kind of bed piece supported at three point Optimization Design based on response surface model according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the extraction of the described bed ways of step (4) place distortion enveloping solid is:
1) utilizes finite element analysis software that the test sample point is carried out statics Analysis, extract the lathe bed upper rail and be out of shape everywhere;
2) based on minimum diameter right cylinder envelope single guide rail everywhere the distortion of Matlab software with axial and guide rail parallel;
3) with the cylindrical envelope body of two guide rail distortion of minimum rectangular parallelepiped envelope, the higher position that obtains minimum rectangular parallelepiped is response.
8. a kind of bed piece supported at three point Optimization Design based on response surface model according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the second-order response surface model representation for n design variable in the step (5) is:
In the formula: y is output variable; x
iBe design variable; N is the number of design variable; β is undetermined coefficient, is obtained by the least square regression match.
9. a kind of bed piece supported at three point Optimization Design based on response surface model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (7) is that the lathe bed realistic model is carried out statics Analysis, statics Analysis result before and after the contrast supported at three point is optimized if the supported at three point after optimizing reduces the distortion of lathe bed upper rail significantly, then meets the demands, optimize and finish and the output optimum results, otherwise, rebuild response surface, continue to optimize.
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