CN103361130B - Kerosene fuel composition for heavy-oil piston engine - Google Patents
Kerosene fuel composition for heavy-oil piston engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN103361130B CN103361130B CN201210087954.1A CN201210087954A CN103361130B CN 103361130 B CN103361130 B CN 103361130B CN 201210087954 A CN201210087954 A CN 201210087954A CN 103361130 B CN103361130 B CN 103361130B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kerosene fuel composition for a heavy-oil piston engine. The kerosene fuel composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 95 +/-5 parts of base oil B and 5+/- 1 parts of components C, wherein diesel oil is hydrogenated and cracked during distillation to obtain a fraction-section distillation range of 155 DEG C-250 DEG C, 155 DEG C-280 DEG C or 155 DEG C-300 DEG C; the catalyzed and cracked kerosene-section fraction, and the heavy-petrol smell material which is produced by catalytic cracking device are cut into narrow fractions with the distillation range from 150 DEG C to 230 DEG C on a rectifying device. Compared with 3# aviation coal, the kerosene fuel composition disclosed by the invention can be used for improving the maximum power of the piston engine by 13% under the same limit temperature condition of the air cylinder cover, or can be used for remarkably lowering the air cylinder cover temperature (only 170 DEG C) under the same maximum power condition, and can be used for improving the knock resistance of the engine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation for the piston-engined kerosene fuel composition of heavy oil, relate in particular a kind ofly be applicable to piston-engined kerosene stock or the rocket engine fuel improving the capability of antidetonance of spark ignition type Heavy End Aviation Fuel, on the basis of original 3# rocket engine fuel or 5# rocket engine fuel, improve the antideflagration property of kerosene.
Background technology
General large aerospace power set is using aviation kerosene as fuel both at home and abroad, small-sized aircraft power plant uses aviation spirit as fuel, use different labels gasoline work fuel similar with motor car engine, different engines has different Ulva Pertusa requirements to oil fuel.But the high volatile volatile of aviation spirit is the safety requirements being difficult to meet the aircraft industry particularly storage of military POL, transport, use.
The eighties, the security that U.S. Department of Defense uses based on fuel and fuel storing handling cost are considered, propose " following single-fuel " instructional criterion (DOD4041.25 criterion), the nineties, propose in the aviation piston engine guide of NADA and DOD, following military piston power device all should adopt astatki, and comprise JP-5, JP-8 and diesel oil, seaworthiness safety standards (FAA) requires that following General Aviation must adopt heavy oil aircraft engine.
External when development point combustion Heavy End Aviation Fuel piston engine, advanced high pressure spraying or air-assisted atomization low-pressure fuel injection technology is used to substantially improve pyronaphtha fuel atomizing quality, engine cold-start difficulty when solving heavy oil combustion in conjunction with advanced in-cylinder direct-jet combustion technology, sparking plug easily floods cylinder, time of engine low speed instability waits technical barrier, but because pyronaphtha fuel octane number is low, the feature of easy generation pinking, cause heavy-oil engine knock limited power lower than the level of petrol motor, the spark ignition type Heavy End Aviation Fuel piston engine peak power of external development only has about 80 ~ 90% of petrol motor at present.Compare with gasoline property for JP-5 aviation kerosene.
The physicochemical property of the external JP-5 aviation kerosene of table one and gasoline
| Character | JP-5 | Gasoline |
| Molecular weight | 170 | 120 |
| Density (Kg/m 3) | 823 | 720 |
| The combustion heat (MJ/kg) | 42.9 | 43.4 |
| Gasification latent heat (MJ/kg) | 0.291(Jet A-1) | 0.339 |
| Specific heat (KJ/kgK) (liquid 298K) | 1.97(Jet A-1) | 2.4 |
| Surface tension (dynes/m) | 26.3(25℃) | 20(20℃) |
| Octane value | 46 | 89 |
| Spontaneous ignition temperature, DEG C | 242 | 438 |
| Burning constant (coefficient) (cm 2/s) | 0.0097 | 0.0144 |
| Activation energy (KJ/mole) | 192.6 | 135.6 |
As can be seen from Table I, JP-5 aviation kerosene is larger than petrol molecule amount, and therefore fuel density is large, and the fuel reserve tank of so same volume can store more fuel weight, favourable to unmanned plane physical dimension compact design; JP-5 aviation kerosene is more lower slightly than gasoline combustion calorific value, and therefore the output rating of kerosene engine is more lower slightly than petrol motor; JP-5 aviation kerosene is more much lower than the gasification latent heat of gasoline, illustrates that in-cylinder direct-jet kerosene engine reduces the mixed air temperature in compression end of a period stage not as direct spray petrol engine in cylinder, suppresses knocking combustion ability not as petrol motor; JP-5 aviation kerosene is larger than gasoline viscosity, surface tension is high, and therefore kerosene is not easy jet atomization; JP-5 aviation kerosene to be at half left and right than the octane value of gasoline, spontaneous ignition temperature, and the easy pinking of kerosene engine is described; JP-5 aviation kerosene is comparatively slower than the flame propagation velocity of gasoline, and illustrates that kerosene moves after starting to burn during high speed conditions, Cylinder wall surface temperature and exhaust temperature comparatively petrol motor are high; The required spark lighting JP-5 aviation kerosene can be higher than gasoline, illustrates that kerosene is not easy to light, and needs higher ignition energy.
Anti-knocking property are generally as the important performance indexes of gasoline.The engine of certain compression ratio, must use the gasoline of certain octane value, the trouble-free burning in guarantee cylinder and be unlikely to produce phenomenon of detonation, to obtain maximum engine power.Pinking is relevant with the burning of gasoline under spark ignition engine specified conditions.No matter be carburetor engine or direct injection engine, by burning in the cylinder after lighting, in fact there is two processes, i.e. combustion processes and preflame reaction process in the flammable mixed air that gasoline and air form.Under the high pressure-temperature effect that combustion part increases sharply; before combustion flame leading peak arrives, if the preflame reaction product in unburned part, when reaching a certain threshold value; just can produce and there is the detonation voluntarily that abnormal flame propagation velocity is also feature with shockwave, cause pinking.If before flame front arrives, the pre-so reaction product in unburned part, not yet reaches threshold value and is just lighted, pinking would not occur, and burn with normal flame propagation velocity.
Pinking is relevant with the chemical constitution of oil product.The usual performance representing the antiknock of aviation spirit by octane value and performance number, is called for short anti-knocking property.Gasoline is C
4-C
11the mixture of various hydro carbons.Mononuclear aromatics octane value in gasoline fraction is the highest, and research octane number (RON) is nearly all more than 100, and motor-method octane number is all more than 90.Normal paraffin octane value is minimum, no matter carbon number is that organon or motor method are negative value higher than the octane value of the normal paraffin of normal heptane.The octane value of isoparaffin, alkene and naphthenic hydrocarbon is higher than the octane value of the identical normal paraffin of carbon number.All kinds of hydrocarbon component is in harmonious proportion mutually, and its mediation octane value has linear, also has in nonlinear relationship.The mediation octane value of general alkane and alkane component or alkane and naphthenic hydrocarbon is linear, and the mediation octane value of alkane and aromatic hydrocarbons or alkene is nonlinear relationship, and has increment effect.
The kerosene formed using hydrocarbon polymer is equally as the fuel of aircraft power plant piston engine, its composition has directly contact with capability of antidetonance quality, the anti-knocking property of kerosene can be improved by the group composition improving kerosene, the present invention is exactly relevant a kind of kerosene composition, and said composition can improve the pyronaphtha aircraft power plant capability of antidetonance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: easily cause engine knock problem as fuel to solve spark ignition type aviation piston engine aviation kerosene or engine output decline problem under the condition of pinking is not occurring on an equal basis, propose a kind of kerosene stock improving aviation kerosene or rocket engine fuel group composition, change due to kerosene group composition and then improve the pinking performance of fuel.It is that the kerosene component that different process is produced is obtained differing temps cut through cutting, and different cuts obtains kerosene fuel composition by different ratios through mediation, improves knock limited power as piston engine fuel.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: for the piston-engined kerosene fuel composition of heavy oil, base oil B, and distillation middle pressure hydrocracking diesel oil obtains 155-250 DEG C, 155-280 DEG C or 155-300 DEG C of fraction section boiling range, weight fraction 95 ± 5; Component C, catalytic cracking kerosene section cut, with catalytic cracking unit produce heavy petrol taste raw material on rectifier unit, cut close-cut fraction, boiling range scope is at 150-230 DEG C; Add weight fraction 5 ± 1.
For the piston-engined kerosene fuel composition of heavy oil, base oil B is that distillation middle pressure hydrocracking diesel oil obtains 155-250 DEG C, 155-280 DEG C or 155-300 DEG C of fraction section boiling range scope, weight fraction 80 ± 5; Component A, high-pressure hydrogenation generates oily kerosene(oil)fraction, 155-250 DEG C, 155-280 DEG C or 155-300 DEG C of fraction section distillate, weight fraction 15 ± 2; Component C, catalytic cracking kerosene section cut, with catalytic cracking unit produce heavy petrol taste raw material on rectifier unit, cut close-cut fraction, boiling range scope, at 150-230 DEG C, adds weight fraction 5 ± 1.
Especially selection medium-pressure hydrocracking generates oily B, A based on oily kerosene(oil)fraction, component C oil is defined as follows in the present invention:
High-pressure hydrogenation generates oily kerosene(oil)fraction, hydrocracking adopts American Association oil company patented technology, adopt two ends recycle to extinction technical process, with vacuum gas (VGO), light coker gas oil (LCGO), be raw material with heavy coker gas oil (HCGO) mixing oil, hydrogenator reaction designing pressure 150 kilograms per centimeter
3resultant can produce light naphthar, heavy naphtha, aviation kerosene and the product such as diesel oil, tail oil through rectifying, the present invention adopt 155-250 DEG C, 155-280 DEG C, 155-300 DEG C fraction section distillate A1, A2, A3, as one of aviation kerosene fuel composition blend component; Alkane, naphthenic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbons, olefin(e) centent is used in conjunction in gas chromatograph for determination A1, A2, A3 respectively in 0-50%, 0-40%, 0-20% and 0-3% scope with chromaticness.
Medium-pressure hydrocracking generates oily kerosene(oil)fraction, and middle pressure hydrocracking adopts Shi Ke institute proprietary technology, hydrogenator reaction designing pressure 100 kilograms per centimeter
3resultant can produce light naphthar, heavy naphtha, aviation kerosene and the product such as diesel oil, tail oil through rectifying, the present invention adopt 155-250 DEG C, 155-280 DEG C, 155-300 DEG C fraction section distillate B1, B2, B3, as one of aviation kerosene fuel composition blend component; Alkane, naphthenic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbons, olefin(e) centent is used in conjunction in gas chromatograph for determination B1, B2, B3 respectively in 0-20%, 0-40%, 0-60% and 0-5% scope with chromaticness.
Catalytic cracking kerosene section cut, with catalytic cracking unit produce heavy petrol taste raw material on rectifier unit, cut close-cut fraction, boiling range scope at 150-230 DEG C, as aviation kerosene fuel composition blend component C.
Be in harmonious proportion a kind of kerosene composition with the C cut of A1 or A2 of 0-80% or B1 or B2 of A3 and 10%-100% or B3 and 0-20%, the flash-point of this kind of kerosene composition or be greater than 45 DEG C, be equivalent to 3# rocket engine fuel or aviation kerosene flash-point; Or be not less than 60 DEG C, be equivalent to 5# rocket engine fuel or aviation kerosene flash-point.But wherein olefin(e) centent exceed aviation kerosene be not more than 5% index, and aromaticity content exceed aviation kerosene be not more than 20% index, by improve adjustment kerosene composition group composition improve the antideflagration property do not had.A1 or A2 or A3 arbitrary proportion mixing can form B by arbitrary proportion mixing formation A, B1 or B2 or B3.
With the heavy oil piston engine upper stage test that the kerosene composition of invention is improving, under the equal ultimate temperature condition of cylinder head, comparatively use 3# boat coal maximum power to improve 13%, improve fuel knock resistance.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: use (as in implementation column 1) of the present invention kerosene fuel composition, the heavy oil piston engine of double stroke intake manifold injection carries out bench testing, under the equal ultimate temperature condition of cylinder head, comparatively use 3# boat coal, piston engine peak power improves 13%, or under equal full power condition, significantly reduce cylinder head temperature, (only having 170 DEG C); Improve the Ulva Pertusa ability of engine.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: distillation middle pressure hydrocracking diesel oil obtains the base oil of 155-250 DEG C of boiling range scope, at normal temperatures base oil B1 weight fraction 95% is added container, then weight fraction 5%C is added, mixing and stirring, composite fuel flash-point index is 63 DEG C, cloud point index is-50 DEG C, for spark ignition type Heavy End Aviation Fuel piston engine, improves 13% with comparative example 3# coal facies of navigating than limit pinking power.
Base oil selects B2 or B3 also can; Base oil select B1 and B2 half and half also can, base oil selects B1 and B3 half and half also can.
Embodiment 2: distillation middle pressure hydrocracking diesel oil obtains the base oil of 155-280 DEG C of boiling range scope, at normal temperatures base oil B2 weight fraction 80% is added container, then add the A2 of weight fraction 15%, add the C of weight fraction 5%, mixing and stirring, composite fuel flash-point index is 68 DEG C, for spark ignition type Heavy End Aviation Fuel piston engine, improve 10% with comparative example 3# coal facies of navigating than limit pinking power.
The A3 adding weight fraction 15% replaces A2 also can.A3, A2 weight fraction each 7.5% also can.
Embodiment 3: distillation middle pressure hydrocracking diesel oil obtains the base oil of 155-300 DEG C of boiling range scope, at normal temperatures base oil B3 weight fraction 80% is added container, then the A3 of weight fraction 15% and the C mixing and stirring of weight fraction 5% is added, composite fuel flash-point index is 70 DEG C, for spark ignition type Heavy End Aviation Fuel piston engine, improve 5% with comparative example 3# coal facies of navigating than limit pinking power.
In above embodiment, the A3 adding weight fraction 15% also can.
Base oil select B1 also can, its weight range can positive and negative 5% scope.
| Project | Comparative example 3# navigates coal | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
| Flash-point (remaining silent) | Be not less than 38 DEG C | 63 | 68 | 70 |
| Density (20 DEG C), kg/m3 | 775-830 | 0.8 | 0.8342 | 0.8343 |
| Viscosity mm2/s | Be not less than 1.25 | 2.032 | 2.4014 | 2.7527 |
| Sulphur (mg/L) | Be not more than 0.2% | 1.95 | 1.65 | 1.85 |
| Fore-running | Report | 184.0 | 189.4 | 191.4 |
| 10％ | Not higher than 205 DEG C | 188.6 | 203.2 | 206.9 |
| 30％ | 205.5 | 212.9 | 218.1 | |
| 50％ | Not higher than 232 DEG C | 220.9 | 222.0 | 230.1 |
| 90％ | Report | 235.3 | 251.1 | 269.1 |
| Heat up in a steamer eventually | Not higher than 300 DEG C | 249.0 | 266.7 | 284.3 |
| Residual | Be not more than 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| Loss | Be not more than 1.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
| Acid number mgKOH/g | Be not more than 0.015 | 0.0092 | 0.0104 | 0.0094 |
| Limit pinking power | 1 | 1.13 | 1.10 | 1.05 |
| Normal paraffin | 8.9 | 10.1 | 12.3 | |
| Isoparaffin | 29.8 | 30.6 | 31.7 | |
| Alkene | Be not more than 5% | 6.6 | 5.3 | 5.0 |
| Naphthenic hydrocarbon | 18.3 | 22.5 | 23.6 | |
| Total aromatic hydrocarbons | Be not more than 20% | 36.3 | 31.5 | 27.5 |
Claims (1)
1. for the piston-engined kerosene fuel composition of heavy oil, it is characterized in that comprising following component: base oil B, distillation middle pressure hydrocracking diesel oil obtains 155-250 DEG C, 155-280 DEG C or 155-300 DEG C of fraction section boiling range, weight fraction 95 ± 5; Component C, catalytic cracking kerosene section cut, with catalytic cracking unit produce heavy petrol raw material on rectifier unit, cut close-cut fraction, boiling range scope is at 150-230 DEG C; Add weight fraction 5 ± 1.
2. for the piston-engined kerosene fuel composition of heavy oil, it is characterized in that composed as follows: base oil B, is that distillation middle pressure hydrocracking diesel oil obtains 155-250 DEG C, 155-280 DEG C or 155-300 DEG C of fraction section boiling range scope, weight fraction 80 ± 5; Component A is that high-pressure hydrogenation generates oily kerosene(oil)fraction, 155-250 DEG C, 155-280 DEG C or 155-300 DEG C of fraction section distillate, weight fraction 15 ± 2; Component C, catalytic cracking kerosene section cut, with catalytic cracking unit produce heavy petrol raw material on rectifier unit, cut close-cut fraction, boiling range scope, at 150-230 DEG C, adds weight fraction 5 ± 1.
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| WO2017049561A1 (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-03-30 | 陈鸿林 | Liquid fuel |
| CN110129103A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-08-16 | 中实投石化科技有限公司 | A kind of low-sulfur ordinary diesel oil |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1723267A (en) * | 2002-12-03 | 2006-01-18 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Kerosene composition |
| CN1906275A (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2007-01-31 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Kerosene composition |
| CN101273116A (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2008-09-24 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Fuel compositions |
| CN101426888A (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2009-05-06 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Fuel composition |
| CN102216434A (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2011-10-12 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Kerosene base fuel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1723267A (en) * | 2002-12-03 | 2006-01-18 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Kerosene composition |
| CN1906275A (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2007-01-31 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Kerosene composition |
| CN101273116A (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2008-09-24 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Fuel compositions |
| CN101426888A (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2009-05-06 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Fuel composition |
| CN102216434A (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2011-10-12 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Kerosene base fuel |
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