CN103346269B - A kind of semitransparent electrode and there is the organic electroluminescence device of this semitransparent electrode - Google Patents

A kind of semitransparent electrode and there is the organic electroluminescence device of this semitransparent electrode Download PDF

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CN103346269B
CN103346269B CN201310295599.1A CN201310295599A CN103346269B CN 103346269 B CN103346269 B CN 103346269B CN 201310295599 A CN201310295599 A CN 201310295599A CN 103346269 B CN103346269 B CN 103346269B
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smooth removing
removing layer
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metal
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CN103346269A (en
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邹建华
苏跃举
徐苗
陶洪
王磊
彭俊彪
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GUANGZHOU NEW VISION OPTOELECTRONIC CO Ltd
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Abstract

A kind of semitransparent electrode and there is the organic electroluminescence device of this semitransparent electrode, semitransparent electrode is provided with semi-transparent metal layer, the first smooth removing layer and the second smooth removing layer, and the first smooth removing layer is stacked between semi-transparent metal layer and described second smooth removing layer.The thickness of semi-transparent metal layer is set to 5-25nm, and the thickness of the first smooth removing layer is set to 5-80nm, and the thickness of the second smooth removing layer is set to 5-80nm.First smooth removing layer by refractive index be greater than 1.6 organic substance or inorganic matter evaporation form; Second smooth removing layer by refractive index be greater than 1.6 inorganic matter or organic matter vaporization plating form.Semitransparent electrode light transmission of the present invention is good, spectral width.Organic electroluminescence device of the present invention can be widened spectrum, improve device light emitting efficiency.

Description

A kind of semitransparent electrode and there is the organic electroluminescence device of this semitransparent electrode
Technical field
The present invention relates to photoelectric device technical field, particularly relate to a kind of semitransparent electrode and there is the organic electroluminescence device of this electrode.
Background technology
Organic electroluminescence device (OLED) obtains extensive investigation and application with the photoelectric properties of its uniqueness in display and lighting field.For realizing high-resolution display further and improving its luminescent properties and application, OLED starts to change from traditional bottom-emission to top emitting and double-side.
As everyone knows, OLED is primarily of two electrodes and organic function layer composition, and the first electrode is prepared on substrate, and organic function layer is prepared on the first electrode, and the second electrode is prepared on organic function layer.Under normal circumstances, adopt metal conductive oxide material, such as tin indium oxide (ITO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO), on substrate, prepare the first electrode by the method for magnetron sputtering, this electrode generally all has higher transparency.In order to realize double-side, just need the transparency simultaneously improving the second electrode; And in order to realize top emitting, the transparency of raising second electrode while, the transparency of the first electrode also should be reduced.
In prior art, the means improving the second electrode transparency have: the method adopting preparation first electrode, directly sputters the second electrode on organic function layer; Or use height instead and lead the metal material semitransparent electrode that evaporation one deck is thinner on organic function layer, the such as silver of 5 ~ 20nm thickness; In order to improve the outgoing of light from the second electrode further, people also can increase one deck light removing layer on the second electrode, and as Appl.Phys.Lett.94,253302, Appl.Phys.Lett.82, described in 466 papers.
Because magnetron sputtering requires harsh to temperature and chamber, and in sputter procedure, the high energy particle of generation is easy to infiltrate in organic material, cause OLED efficiency, life-span decline, therefore magnetically controlled sputter method is not suitable for the second electrode preparing OLED.
And use semi-transparent metals as the OLED of the second electrode, because light transmission is not good, cause OLED efficiency lower.Particularly in top emitting device, spectrum changes greatly with observation visual angle.Though adopt individual layer light removing layer to a certain degree can increase the light transmission of the second electrode, but its light transmission is still not high.And adopting the dual emission device of individual layer light removing layer, the amount of light of its first electrode, much larger than the second electrode, makes dual emission device both sides luminous uneven; Adopt the top emitting device of individual layer light removing layer, visible ray all band translucent effect is not good, for white light top emitting device, is a serious technical bottleneck.
Therefore, not enough for prior art, the good semitransparent electrode of a kind of light transmission is provided and there is the organic electroluminescence device of this semitransparent electrode very necessary to overcome prior art deficiency.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of semitransparent electrode, and the light transmission of this transparency electrode is good, is suitable as the second electrode of OLED.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is realized by following technological means.
A kind of semitransparent electrode, be provided with semi-transparent metal layer, the first smooth removing layer and the second smooth removing layer, described first smooth removing layer is stacked between described semi-transparent metal layer and described second smooth removing layer.
Above-mentioned semi-transparent metal layer is prepared from by metal or metal alloy compositions;
Described metal material is gold, silver, aluminium or copper;
Described metal alloy compositions is magnesium silver alloy or lithium silver alloy.
The thickness of above-mentioned semi-transparent metal layer is set to 5-25nm.
The thickness of above-mentioned first smooth removing layer is set to 5-80nm, and the thickness of described second smooth removing layer is set to 5-80nm.
Preferably, the organic matter vaporization plating that described first smooth removing layer is greater than 1.6 by refractive index forms;
The inorganic matter evaporation that described second smooth removing layer is greater than 1.6 by refractive index forms.
Another is preferred, and the inorganic matter evaporation that described first smooth removing layer is greater than 1.6 by refractive index forms;
The organic matter vaporization plating that described second smooth removing layer is greater than 1.6 by refractive index forms.
Another is preferred, and the inorganic matter evaporation that described first smooth removing layer, described second smooth removing layer are greater than 1.6 by refractive index forms, and the inorganic matter that described first smooth removing layer and described second smooth removing layer are different materials is prepared from; Or
The organic matter vaporization plating that described first smooth removing layer, described second smooth removing layer are greater than 1.6 by refractive index forms, and the organic substance that described first smooth removing layer and described second smooth removing layer are different materials is prepared from.
Further, above-mentioned organic substance is BCP, NPB, Meo-TPD or Alq3; Described inorganic matter is zinc oxide, zinc selenide, tin oxide, antimony oxide or zinc sulphide.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of organic electroluminescence device, and this organic electroluminescence device has the good feature of light transmission.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is realized by following technological means:
A kind of organic electroluminescence device is provided, is provided with substrate, the first electrode, organic function layer, it is characterized in that: be also provided with above-mentioned semitransparent electrode as the second electrode;
Described substrate, the first electrode, organic function layer, the second electrode are established according to order is from bottom to top folded successively.
Aforesaid substrate is set to glass substrate, silicon chip substrate, metal substrate, polyesters compound substrate or polyimide compound substrate;
Described first electrode is the film be prepared from by metal oxide, metal or conducting polymer, and described metal oxide is tin indium oxide, zinc oxide, indium zinc oxide or gallium oxide zinc; Described metal is silver, aluminium or gold; Described conducting polymer is that conductivity is greater than 10 3the polymer of S/cm or the polymer of doping;
Described organic function layer comprises at least one luminescent layer, luminescent layer can launch any wave band in visible region light or can transmitting white.Organic function layer can also comprise hole transmission layer and electron transfer layer, also can comprise hole injection layer, electron injecting layer, hole blocking layer, electronic barrier layer.
Semitransparent electrode of the present invention, is provided with semi-transparent metal layer, the first smooth removing layer and the second smooth removing layer, and described first smooth removing layer is stacked between described semi-transparent metal layer and described second smooth removing layer.Semitransparent electrode of the present invention, by arranging the structure of the first smooth removing layer and the second smooth removing layer in semi-transparent metal layer, the light transmission of electrode can be improved, widen spectrum, make prepared organic electroluminescence device can widen spectrum, improve luminous efficiency.
Organic electroluminescence device of the present invention, is provided with substrate, the first electrode, organic function layer, is also provided with above-mentioned semitransparent electrode as the second electrode; Described substrate, the first electrode, organic function layer, the second electrode are established according to order is from bottom to top folded successively.This organic electroluminescence device is owing to being provided with semitransparent electrode as the second electrode, and this semitransparent electrode has that light transmission is good, the feature of spectral width, therefore the spectral width of organic electroluminescence device, luminous efficiency are high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention is further illustrated to utilize accompanying drawing, but the content in accompanying drawing does not form any limitation of the invention.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of semitransparent electrode of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a kind of organic electroluminescence device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the transmissivity schematic diagram of four samples of the embodiment of the present invention 6.
Fig. 4 is the luminance efficiency schematic diagram of two devices of the embodiment of the present invention 7.
Fig. 5 is the light characteristic schematic diagram of two devices of the embodiment of the present invention 7.
In Fig. 1, Fig. 2, comprising:
First electrode 100,
Organic function layer 200,
Second electrode 300,
The smooth removing layer 330 of semi-transparent metal layer the 310, first smooth removing layer 320, second,
Substrate 400.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with the following Examples.
embodiment 1.
A kind of semitransparent electrode, as shown in Figure 1, is provided with the smooth removing layer 320 of semi-transparent metal layer 310, first and the smooth removing layer 320 of the second smooth removing layer 330, first is stacked between semi-transparent metal layer 310 and the second smooth removing layer 330.
It should be noted that, as the common practise in organic electroluminescence device field, the smooth removing layer 330 of semi-transparent metal layer the 310, first smooth removing layer 320, second forming semitransparent electrode is the membrane structures be prepared from by evaporation or other modes, therefore be fixing laminating between adjacent each layer, this feature does not repeat them here.
Semi-transparent metal layer 310 is prepared from by metal or metal alloy compositions, and metal material can be gold, silver, aluminium or copper etc., and metal alloy compositions can be magnesium silver alloy or lithium silver alloy etc.
The thickness of semi-transparent metal layer 310 is set to 5-25nm.The thickness of the first smooth removing layer 320 is set to 5-80nm, and the thickness of the second smooth removing layer 330 is set to 5-80nm, has good light transmission.
Wherein, the organic matter vaporization plating that the first smooth removing layer 320 is greater than 1.6 by refractive index forms, and the inorganic matter evaporation that the second smooth removing layer 330 is greater than 1.6 by refractive index forms.Organic substance is BCP, NPB, Meo-TPD or Alq3 etc., and inorganic matter is zinc oxide, zinc selenide, tin oxide, antimony oxide or zinc sulphide etc.
This semitransparent electrode, owing to arranging the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330 in semi-transparent metal layer 310, can improve the light transmission of electrode.Research finds, can pass through material and the thickness of the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330, regulates light transmittance and adjustment max transmissive position.
In addition, this semitransparent electrode, first smooth removing layer 320 is organic thin film, second smooth removing layer 330 is inorganic matter film, organic thin film can improve the roughness of electrode surface, increases light scattering, further combined with inorganic smooth removing layer, the light transmission of electrode can be improved further, the performances such as the colourity of raising device and efficiency.In prior art, the transmissivity of individual layer light removing layer is lower than 40%, and by technical scheme of the present invention, the transmissivity of this semitransparent electrode can reach 60-80%.
This semitransparent electrode is like this preparation, evaporation semi-transparent metal layer 310 on carrier, then in semi-transparent metal layer 310 the smooth removing layer 320 of evaporation first, the then smooth removing layer 330 of evaporation second on the first smooth removing layer 320.Carrier is organic function layer 200 normally.
This semitransparent thin film, adopt the structure that the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330 are set in semi-transparent metal layer 310, the light transmission of electrode can be improved, widen spectrum, make prepared organic electroluminescence device can widen spectrum, improve luminous efficiency, and material and the thickness adjustment max transmissive position of the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330 can be passed through.
embodiment 2.
A kind of semitransparent electrode, other structures are identical with embodiment 1, and difference is: the inorganic matter evaporation that the first smooth removing layer 320 is greater than 1.6 by refractive index forms, and the organic matter vaporization plating that the second smooth removing layer 330 is greater than 1.6 by refractive index forms.Organic substance is BCP, NPB, Meo-TPD or Alq3 etc., and inorganic matter is zinc oxide, zinc selenide, tin oxide, antimony oxide or zinc sulphide etc.
This semitransparent thin film, adopt the structure that the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330 are set in semi-transparent metal layer 310, the light transmission of electrode can be improved, widen spectrum, make prepared organic electroluminescence device can widen spectrum, improve luminous efficiency, and material and the thickness adjustment max transmissive position of the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330 can be passed through.
embodiment 3.
A kind of semitransparent electrode, other structures are identical with embodiment 1, difference is: the inorganic matter evaporation that the first smooth removing layer 320, described second smooth removing layer 330 are greater than 1.6 by refractive index forms, and the inorganic matter that described first smooth removing layer 320 and described second smooth removing layer 330 are different materials is prepared from.Inorganic matter is zinc oxide, zinc selenide, tin oxide, antimony oxide or zinc sulphide etc.
This semitransparent thin film, adopt the structure that the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330 are set in semi-transparent metal layer 310, the light transmission of electrode can be improved, widen spectrum, make prepared organic electroluminescence device can widen spectrum, improve luminous efficiency, and material and the thickness adjustment max transmissive position of the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330 can be passed through.
embodiment 4.
A kind of semitransparent electrode, other structures are identical with embodiment 1, difference is: the organic matter vaporization plating that the first smooth removing layer 320, described second smooth removing layer 330 are greater than 1.6 by refractive index forms, and the organic substance that described first smooth removing layer 320 and described second smooth removing layer 330 are different materials is prepared from.Organic substance is BCP, NPB, Meo-TPD or Alq3 etc.
This semitransparent thin film, adopt the structure that the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330 are set in semi-transparent metal layer 310, the light transmission of electrode can be improved, widen spectrum, make prepared organic electroluminescence device can widen spectrum, improve luminous efficiency, and material and the thickness adjustment max transmissive position of the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330 can be passed through.
embodiment 5.
A kind of organic electroluminescence device, as shown in Figure 2, is provided with substrate 400, first electrode 100, organic function layer 200, is also provided with if any one semitransparent electrode in embodiment 1 to 4 is as the second electrode 300.Substrate 400, first electrode 100, organic function layer 200, second electrode 300 are established according to order is from bottom to top folded successively.This organic electroluminescence device is owing to being provided with semitransparent electrode as the second electrode 300, and this semitransparent electrode has that light transmission is good, the feature of spectral width, therefore the spectral width of organic electroluminescence device, luminous efficiency are high.
embodiment 6.
Further semitransparent electrode of the present invention and transmissivity are tested below in conjunction with detailed experimental example.
First used material is described:
Ag: silver;
NPB:N, N '-two (naphthalene-1-base)-N, N ' diphenyl-benzidine;
ZnSe: zinc selenide;
TAPC: two [4-(N, N-xylyl-amino) phenyl] cyclohexane;
TCTA:4,4', 4 "-three (carbazole-9-... .) triphenylamine;
(MPPZ) 2ir (acac): pyrimidine complex of iridium two (2-phenyl pyrimidine) acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione iridium;
Firpic: two (the fluoro-2-of 3,5-bis-(2-pyridine radicals) phenyl-(2-carboxyl pyridine) iridium
TPBi:1,3,5-tri-(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazolyl-2 radicals-Ji) benzene.
On identical carrier, difference evaporation second electrode, makes four samples.Wherein, the second electrode of sample 1 is only made up of the Ag films of 20nm; Second electrode of sample 2 is made up of the Ag films of 20nm and 60nmNPB; Second electrode of sample 3 is made up of the Ag films of 20nm, the ZnSe of 10nmNPB and 60nm; Second electrode of sample 4 is made up of the Ag films of 20nm, the ZnSe of 40nmNPB and 20nm.
Test prepared four the second electrodes, result as shown in Figure 3.As seen from Figure 3, sample one is 30% to the maximum in the transmissivity of conventional wave band 450nm-650nm, and along with wavelength increase, transmissivity reduces gradually.Sample two is monochromatic light layer taking-up technology of the prior art, and its light transmission comparatively sample one is improved largely, and maximum transmission rate reaches 50%.Sample three is light taking-up technology of the present invention, can find out that maximum transmission rate rises to 65%, and transmission range comparatively sample two broadening to some extent.Sample four is light taking-up technology of the present invention, can finding out by changing two-layer removing layer thickness separately, can regulate transmissivity and transmission range.
Visible, semitransparent electrode of the present invention can improve the light transmission of electrode, and can spectrum be widened, make prepared organic electroluminescence device can widen spectrum, improve luminous efficiency, and material and the thickness adjustment max transmissive position of the first smooth removing layer and the second smooth removing layer can be passed through.
embodiment 7.
The material identical with embodiment 6 is adopted to prepare top emission type organic electroluminescence device.
Top emission type structure devices one is adopted and is prepared with the following method:
1. on substrate, prepare the thick Ag film of 150nm as anode;
2. on anode, prepare the TAPC of 40nm again as hole transmission layer;
3. prepare on above-mentioned hole transmission layer 5nm thickness doped with 3% (MPPZ) 2the TCTA film of Ir (acac) is as blu-ray layer;
4. prepare in above-mentioned blu-ray layer 10nm thickness, doping 20%Firpic TCTA film as gold-tinted layer;
5. on above-mentioned gold-tinted layer, prepare the TPBi film of 50nm thickness as electron transfer layer;
6. on above-mentioned electron transfer layer, prepare the semi-transparent metal layer of Ag films as the second electrode of 20nm thickness;
7. in above-mentioned semi-transparent metal layer the NPB film of evaporation 10nm thickness as the first smooth removing layer;
8. on above-mentioned first smooth removing layer the ZnSe of evaporation 60nm thickness as the second smooth removing layer.
With B:C(x, y%) represent one deck in structure, it makes material is B, and is doped with C material, and ratio is y%, and the thickness of this layer is x (dust).
Prepared device one structure is:
Ag(150nm)/TAPC(40nm)/TCTA:(MPPZ) 2Ir(acac)(5nm,3%)/TCTA:Firpic(10nm,20%)/TPBi(50nm)/Ag(20nm)/NPB(10nm)/ZnSe(60nm)。
For the ease of contrast, adopt same technique to prepare the top emission type organic electroluminescence device two of individual layer light removing layer structure in a prior art, the structure of prepared device two is:
Ag(150nm)/TAPC(40nm)/TCTA:(MPPZ) 2Ir(acac)(5nm,3%)/TCTA:Firpic(10nm,20%)/TPBi(50nm)/Ag(20nm)/NPB(10nm)。
The performance of device one and device two is tested, result as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, as can be seen from Fig. 4, Fig. 5: emission structure at top two utilizes traditional light removing layer, because transmissivity is lower, so the spectrum of device is narrower, do not realize the luminescent spectrum of original material, simultaneously due to transmission restriction, cause lower 28 lumen every watt of the efficiency of device.Emission structure at top one adopts the transparency electrode of the two-layer smooth removing layer composition of the present invention, and the luminescent spectrum of device increases, and the efficiency of device also increases substantially 43 lumen every watt.
Organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is owing to being provided with semitransparent electrode as the second electrode, and this semitransparent electrode has that light transmission is good, the feature of spectral width, therefore the feature that the spectral width of organic electroluminescence device, luminous efficiency are high.In prior art, the transmissivity of individual layer light removing layer is lower than 40%, can reach 60-80% by the transmissivity of technical scheme semitransparent electrode of the present invention.
The present invention increases two-layer smooth removing layer on traditional semitransparent electrode, and two-layer light taking-up material is respectively organic substance and the inorganic matter that refractive index is greater than 1.6.Organic thin film can improve the roughness of electrode surface, increases light scattering, further combined with inorganic smooth removing layer, can improve the light transmission of electrode further, the performances such as the colourity of raising device and efficiency.And regulated by two-layer removing layer thickness, can regulate max transmissive position, this kind of transparency electrode is applicable to red, green, blue monochrome and white light OLED device, and the scope of application is wide.
Finally should be noted that; above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention but not limiting the scope of the invention; although be explained in detail the present invention with reference to preferred embodiment; those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not depart from essence and the scope of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a semitransparent electrode, is characterized in that: be provided with semi-transparent metal layer, the first smooth removing layer and the second smooth removing layer, and described first smooth removing layer is stacked between described semi-transparent metal layer and described second smooth removing layer;
Described semi-transparent metal layer is prepared from by metal or metal alloy compositions;
Described metal material is gold, silver, aluminium or copper;
Described metal alloy compositions is magnesium silver alloy or lithium silver alloy;
The thickness of described semi-transparent metal layer is set to 5-25nm;
The thickness of described first smooth removing layer is set to 5-80nm, and the thickness of described second smooth removing layer is set to 5-80nm;
The inorganic matter evaporation that described first smooth removing layer, described second smooth removing layer are greater than 1.6 by refractive index forms, and the inorganic matter that described first smooth removing layer and described second smooth removing layer are different materials is prepared from; Or
The organic matter vaporization plating that described first smooth removing layer, described second smooth removing layer are greater than 1.6 by refractive index forms, and the organic substance that described first smooth removing layer and described second smooth removing layer are different materials is prepared from;
Described organic substance is BCP, NPB, Meo-TPD or Alq3; Described inorganic matter is zinc oxide, zinc selenide, tin oxide, antimony oxide or zinc sulphide.
2. an organic electroluminescence device, is provided with substrate, the first electrode, organic function layer, it is characterized in that: be also provided with semitransparent electrode as claimed in claim 1 as the second electrode;
Described substrate, the first electrode, organic function layer, the second electrode are established according to order is from bottom to top folded successively;
Described substrate is set to glass substrate, silicon chip substrate, metal substrate, polyesters compound substrate or polyimide compound substrate;
Described first electrode is the film be prepared from by metal oxide, metal or conducting polymer, and described metal oxide is tin indium oxide, zinc oxide, indium zinc oxide or gallium oxide zinc; Described metal is silver, aluminium or gold; Described conducting polymer is that conductivity is greater than 10 3the polymer of S/cm or the polymer of doping;
Described organic function layer comprises at least one luminescent layer.
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