CN103343186A - Controllable metal surface heat treatment technology by using plasma arc - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a controllable metal surface heat treatment technology by using plasma arc, and relates to the technical field of metal surface treatment. The technology comprises mounting plasma arc nozzles on a special lathe, with the plasma arc nozzles being not contacted with surfaces of to-be-processed pieces, rotating the to-be-processed pieces, and driving the plasma arc nozzles to move along a linear direction by the special lathe, so that the to-be-processed pieces and the plasma arc nozzles can relatively move and thus the special lathe can be used as a scan walking system of the plasma arc nozzles, and the surfaces of the to-be-processed pieces can be fully scanned in a short time to finish surface hardening processing, with a surface hardness of the processed metal being 60-65 HRC. The technology is mainly used for the surface heat treatment of key parts of machinery and equipment industry, the plasma arc is used as a heat source to rapidly heat the surfaces of the pieces, so that temperature of the heated parts can reach a phase transition temperature or above in an extremely short time, and then required parts can be obtained through self cooling of the pieces and the phase transition; therefore, the heated parts obtain extremely high hardness, high wear resistance, fatigue resistance and other properties, and service life of the parts can be greatly increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of metal surface treatment technology, be specifically related to a kind of controlled plasma arc Metal Surface Heat Treatment.
Background technology
In the reality, after the metallic substance piece surface carried out quench treatment, its surface hardness will obtain raising in various degree, but heart portion characteristic still keeps original appearance, make part be not easy to be ground away in the surface in the process of using, usually be the wear resistance that has increased part, because heart portion still keeps original appearance, make material still have enough toughness simultaneously, " tough in table is hard " namely said usually, give full play to the over-all properties of material like this, improved the work-ing life of part.Quenching technology for surfaces carries out rapid heating by different thermals source to workpiece specifically exactly, cooled off rapidly when the part skin temperature reaches more than the stagnation point (this moment, workpiece heart portion temperature was in stagnation point below) time, workpiece surface has obtained hardened structure and heart portion still keeps a kind of surface heat-treatment process of organizing originally like this.
Hard surfacing is carried out rapid heating by different thermals source to workpiece, cooled off rapidly when the part skin temperature reaches more than the stagnation point (this moment, workpiece heart portion temperature was in below the stagnation point) time, workpiece surface has obtained hardened structure and heart portion still keeps original tissue like this.A hard surfacing heated parts top layer in order to reach this purpose, then requires used thermal source to have high energy density.According to the heating means difference, hard surfacing in the market has induction heating (high frequency, intermediate frequency, power frequency) hard surfacing, surface hardening by flame heating, electrically contacts heating surface quenching, LASER HEATING hard surfacing, electron beam hard surfacing etc., and using more is induction heating and surface hardening by flame heating.
1) induction heating is that part is placed (in the ruhmkorff coil) in the inductor block, when the alternating-current of certain power frequency passes through inductor block, just there is induced current to produce at piece surface, this distribution of current is on the surface, and occur with the form of eddy current, heating surface makes it reach quenching temperature rapidly, cuts off the electricity supply then, and with the part quick cooling, realize induced surface hardening.
Induced surface hardening is a kind of method for quenching surface commonly used at present, and it has following advantage: (1). induction heating belongs to the endogenous pyrogen direct heating, and rate of heating is fast.(2). in the heat-processed, because heat-up time is shorter, the piece surface oxidation and decarbonization is few.(3). can the selectivity heating.(4). induction heating equipment can be placed on the machining production line, by electric parameter process is carried out accurate technology controlling and process.
The deficiency of induced surface hardening: (1). heats often is subject to the shape of workpiece; (2). the part of quenching will have certain inductor block corresponding with it, the cost height; (3). equipment and quenching technology coupling and local temperature control difficulty; (4). need quenching medium, Working environment is dirtier, contaminate environment; (5). heating efficiency is low, the energy consumption height; (6). equipment is huge, occupation of land is big, and maintenance is complicated; (7). after the processing, workpiece easy deformation, cracking;
2) surface hardening by flame heating is that the flame that produces during with gas fuel combustion is heated to quenching temperature with workpiece surface, subsequently the method for quenching surface of cooling fast.Flame quenching can obtain the top layer of high rigidity and favourable internal stress distributes, and improves wear resistance and the fatigue strength of workpiece.Flame Hardening Equipment is fairly simple, is suitable for jobbing work or field quenching.Dismantle the great part of inconvenience and be unsuitable for adopting other hard-faced part for transportation, as large gear, large-scale working face, some cams, bent axle, machine tool guideway and sprocket wheel etc., flame quenching has adaptability and maneuvering ability widely.
But its shortcoming has: (1). the chemical flame temperature is not high, and the workpiece temperature lift velocity is slow; (2). surface temperature changes greatly, is easy to make the regional overheated of close into treatment sites, and workpiece deformation is big; (3). processed part quality instability; (4). need quenching medium, Working environment is dirtier, contaminate environment; (5). heating efficiency is low, the energy consumption height;
3) contact resistant hardening is will be added to less than 5 volts voltage on the workpiece by electrode, flow through very big electric current at electrode and workpiece contact position, and produce a large amount of resistance heats, make workpiece surface be heated to quenching temperature, then electrode is removed, it is inner and surface cooling rapidly reaches the quenching purpose that heat namely imports workpiece into.When handling farm labourer's part, electrode constantly moves forward, and the part that waits behind is constantly hardened.The advantage of this method is that equipment is simple, and is easy to operate, is easy to automatization, workpiece distortion is minimum, does not need tempering, can significantly improve wear resistance and the anti scuffing ability of workpiece, but quench-hardened case thinner (0.15～0.35 millimeter), microstructure and uniformity of hardness are relatively poor, and range of application is wideless.
4) the LASER HEATING hard surfacing is to utilize high energy laser beam scanning workpiece surface, making laser radiation energy be converted into heat energy is absorbed by workpiece, by thermal conduction material temperature is raised to more than the austenite phase transformation temperature as quick as thought then, cooling effect by matrix self makes the material that produces phase transformation cool off fast to surpass the martensitic transformation critical cooling velocity again, thereby realizes transformation hardening.Process characteristic is that the quenching position is accurately controlled, easily is automated; Main limitation is to need blackout to handle before handling, and complex process easily pollutes; LASER HEATING hard surfacing equipment price is expensive, bulky; Operator's technical requirements height, the production cost height.
5) quenching of electron beam heating surface is that workpiece is placed low vacuum chamber (0.1～1Pa), high-speed electron flow bombardment workpiece surface with 103～106W/cm2, in extremely short time (in the 10-1～10-3s), the surface of steel part is heated to more than the transformation temperature of steel, high owing to beam energy, concentrated, zone of heating is very thin, quenches by workpiece self-excitation cooling.The electron beam heating surface quenches and must carry out in a vacuum, therefore needs supporting vacuum system; Electron beam hard surfacing equipment price is expensive, bulky; Operator's technical requirements height, the production cost height; The electron beam hard surfacing is handled can not be used for heavy loading part and heavy parts.
Plasma metallic surface quenching technology is a branch of new branch of science " Surface Engineering ".It also is the development and progress of conventional metals heat treatment technics.Along with the construction of saving type, environment-friendly type, Sustainable development type society, the emerging technology that meets the energy-saving and environmental protection requirement will inevitably obtain the approval of society and enterprise and pursue.The principle of plasma arc surface hardening is as thermal source workpiece surface to be carried out rapid heating with plasma arc, the temperature that is heated the position was reached more than the transformation temperature in the extremely short time, obtain tissues needed by workpiece self cooling and phase transformation then, thereby make the heating position obtain performances such as extreme hardness, high-wearing feature, fatigue resistance, to increase substantially the work-ing life of part.Given this, the present invention is proposed.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide multinomial performances such as a kind of hardness that can make Surface Treatment with Plasma and case depth controlled, and practical application area is wide in range, the controlled plasma arc Metal Surface Heat Treatment of energy-saving and environmental protection.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
A kind of controlled plasma arc Metal Surface Heat Treatment,
1) at first the plasma arc shower nozzle is installed on the special purpose lathe, requires the plasma arc shower nozzle not contact with to be processed surface during installation;
2) make to be processed to rotate, the plasma arc shower nozzle moves in the drive lower edge of special purpose lathe rectilinear direction, form relative movement between to be processed and the plasma arc shower nozzle, special purpose lathe just becomes the scan line walking system of plasma arc shower nozzle like this, to be processed surface is just scanned at short notice fully, namely finish hard surfacing and handle, handle the back metal skin hardness and reach 60～65HRC.
It is source of the gas that described plasma shower nozzle adopts the plasma gas argon gas, and argon flow amount is controlled at 0.2～0.3m
3/ h, the nozzle diameter 2.5～3mm of plasma shower nozzle.
The translational speed 1-10m/min of described special purpose lathe, mobile pitch 3.6mm, power 3.5KW.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is mainly used in the surface heat of mechanized equipment industry key components and parts and handles, as thermal source workpiece surface is carried out rapid heating with plasma arc, the temperature that is heated the position was reached more than the transformation temperature in the extremely short time, obtain tissues needed by workpiece self cooling and phase transformation then, thereby make the heating position obtain performances such as extreme hardness, high-wearing feature, fatigue resistance, to increase substantially the work-ing life of part.
Embodiment
For technique means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach purpose and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.
A kind of controlled plasma arc Metal Surface Heat Treatment,
1) at first the plasma arc shower nozzle is installed on the special purpose lathe, requires the plasma arc shower nozzle not contact with to be processed surface during installation;
2) make to be processed to rotate, the plasma arc shower nozzle moves in the drive lower edge of special purpose lathe rectilinear direction, form relative movement between to be processed and the plasma arc shower nozzle, special purpose lathe just becomes the scan line walking system of plasma arc shower nozzle like this, to be processed surface is just scanned at short notice fully, namely finish hard surfacing and handle, handle the back metal skin hardness and reach 60～65HRC.
It is source of the gas that the plasma shower nozzle adopts the plasma gas argon gas, and argon flow amount is controlled at 0.2～0.3m
3/ h, the nozzle diameter 2.5～3mm of plasma shower nozzle.
The translational speed 1-10m/min of special purpose lathe, mobile pitch 3.6mm, power 3.5KW.
1) plasma arc surface hardening and induction quenching are used relatively:
In China's heat treatment industry, particularly private enterprise's application is more at medium-sized and small enterprises for the flame surface quenching technology at present; Large and medium-sized enterprise mainly adopts induced surface hardening, and energy dissipation is serious; LASER HEATING hard surfacing technology is less because of the application of problems such as facility investment and running cost, maintenance, mainly is that a spot of enterprise and research unit use.Below with C620 lathe spindle (material: 45 steel) as an example, compare process and the result of induced surface hardening and Plasma Arc Surface Hardening Technology practical application.
The high-frequency quenching standard is to carry out at the 100KW induction heating equipment, need through pre-treatment before quenching, heating schedule is as follows: voltage of supply 380V, anode voltage 11～12.5KV, anodic current 6.5～7.5A, grid current 0.8～1.0A, heat-eliminating medium are water, 220～250 ℃ of tempering temperatures, tempering time 60min.
Result: surface hardness 46～52HRC.
Plasma arc surface hardening is handled: plasma gas Ar, argon flow amount 0.2～0.3m3/h, nozzle diameter 2.5～3mm, sweep velocity 5m/min, scan pitch 3.6mm, power 3.5KW, arc length 4.5 mm, no heat-eliminating medium and other auxiliary treatment.
Result: surface hardness 60～65HRC.
From previous example as can be seen: the high-frequency quenching power is more than 28 times of plasma arc surface hardening, need pre-treatment and subsequent disposal simultaneously, take great amount of manpower and material resources and time, the result surface hardness also is starkly lower than the result that plasma arc surface hardening is handled.
2) plasma arc surface hardening processing cylinder sleeve is example:
For improving quality of the cylinder liner (wear resistance and join and pay a property), producer adopts three class methods usually both at home and abroad:
1.. adopt cast alloy iron to improve the whole material of cylinder sleeve, hardness and wear resistance: commonly used have phosphorus Cr-V-Ti cast alloy iron, boron-chromium alloy cast iron and a boron alloy cast iron, though they have good wearability, but because material is hard, the machining difficulty is not welcome by manufacturer so improve quality of the cylinder liner in this way.
2.. adopt surperficial alloying technology to generate a kind of special wearing layer at the cylinder sleeve working-surface: as multiple permeation etc., this method all needs high temperature (greater than 500 ℃) and long period (more than a few hours) when handling, because production efficiency is low, is difficult to adapt to the mass production requirement.
3.. adopt hard surfacing to increase cylinder sleeve working-surface hardness to improve wear resistance: commonly used have medium frequency quenching, plasma arc surface hardening and a laser surface hardening.
The attrition value of workpiece surface after the phosphorus Cr-V-Ti alloy treatment: 0.0381 ㎜;
Plasma arc hardening is handled the attrition value of back workpiece surface: 0.049 ㎜;
Boron-chromium alloy is handled the attrition value of back workpiece surface: 0.052 ㎜;
Multiple permeation is handled the attrition value of back workpiece surface: 0.06 ㎜;
The attrition value of back workpiece surface is handled in laser quenching: 0.061 ㎜;
Boron alloy is handled the attrition value of back workpiece surface: 0.066 ㎜;
The attrition value of back workpiece surface is handled in medium frequency quenching: 0.099 ㎜;
From above-mentioned data as can be seen: the fast attrition value of plasma arc surface hardening is 0.049 ㎜, less than laser quenching attrition value 0.061 ㎜, more is better than intermediate frequency hard surfacing 0.099 ㎜.
The advance that plasma arc surface hardening is handled is embodied in:
1.. plasma arc surface hardening processing martensite crystal grain is thin, dislocation desity is high, the hardness height, not crisp, wear resistance is good.
2.. be out of shape minimumly, even do not have distortion, be suitable for high-precision part and handle, part can directly use or only need finish grind after handling.
3.. it is stress that the rear surface is handled in hard surfacing, is difficult for cracking, and can significantly improve fatigue resistance.
4.. hardness gradient is very little, and hardness does not change with hardened-depth substantially.
5.. the material that is fit to is extensive, comprises various medium and high carbon steels, tool steel, die steel and cast iron materials etc.
6.. low-carbon (LC), energy-saving and environmental protection need not heat-eliminating medium, no waste gas discharge of wastewater.
7.. make things convenient for field operation.
8.. workpiece surface quenching performance is controlled, and processing ease is easy to maintenance.
Outstanding advantage is: the surface hardness after plasma arc surface hardening is handled is than the high 5HRC～10HRC of conventional thermal treatment, handle the after strain amount only in 0.01～0.025mm scope, the metallic substance of handling comprises various steel, cast iron etc., handling object can be outside surface, also can be internal surface, as the inwall in hole etc.
Example 1: for the surface treatment of some large-scale workpieces, heat treatment furnace is so not big, hard-faced method such as induced surface hardening, surface hardening by flame heating can not be used, therefore the method for chromium plating commonly used improves surface hardness on the market, problems such as but chrome-plated process exists seriously polluted, and coating is thinner adopt plasma arc surface hardening to handle long 1.4 meters now, the axle that diameter is 1.4 meters, the forging of material 35 steel is very convenient.After Finishing Parts Machining finishes, need not dismantle, lathe tool is changed to the plasma arc shower nozzle, utilize existing installation to carry out hard surfacing immediately and handle, electric power 5KW during processing, very energy-conservation; Do not need any heat-eliminating medium, do not have any waste gas, waste water generation, easy to operate.The surface hardness that workpiece is handled can be controlled as requested, it is minimum to handle distortion, it is exactly finished product after existing installation utilizes abrasive band polishing that the workpiece processing finishes the back, with respect to original treatment process, there are not a series of activities such as dismounting, carrying, surface treatment, following process, reduce cost, improved efficient.
Example 2: the processing of bore surface, the processing of carrying cylinder as concrete;
Concrete is carried long 2.25 meters of cylinder, internal diameter Φ 260mm, wall thickness 10mm.In the treating processes, concrete carries cylinder to rotate, and the plasma arc shower nozzle moves along a straight line, and forms the movement locus of spiral, and pitch is adjusted on demand, and the effect after inwall is handled is near minute surface.
Example 3: the surface treatment of spheroidal graphite cast iron mould, mainly handle the easy groove that weares and teares of mould, seamed edge, corner angle etc.From result: plasma arc surface hardening is handled the key abrasion position of mould, no matter is groove or fin, and effect is all fine.
More than show and described ultimate principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that describes in above-described embodiment and the specification sheets just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (4)
1. controlled plasma arc Metal Surface Heat Treatment is characterized in that:
A. at first the plasma arc shower nozzle is installed on the special purpose lathe, requires the plasma arc shower nozzle not contact with to be processed surface during installation;
B. make to be processed to rotate, the plasma arc shower nozzle moves in the drive lower edge of special purpose lathe rectilinear direction, form relative movement between to be processed and the plasma arc shower nozzle, special purpose lathe just becomes the scan line walking system of plasma arc shower nozzle like this, to be processed surface is just scanned at short notice fully, namely finish hard surfacing and handle, handle the back metal skin hardness and reach 60～65HRC.
2. controlled plasma arc Metal Surface Heat Treatment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it is source of the gas that described plasma shower nozzle adopts the plasma gas argon gas, and argon flow amount is controlled at 0.2～0.3m
3/ h, the nozzle diameter of plasma shower nozzle are 2.5～3mm.
3. controlled plasma arc Metal Surface Heat Treatment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the translational speed 1-10m/min of described special purpose lathe.
4. controlled plasma arc Metal Surface Heat Treatment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the mobile pitch 3.6mm of described special purpose lathe, power 3.5KW.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109542130A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-03-29 | 广东震仪智能装备股份有限公司 | Ion nozzle flow control system and equipment |
| CN110607422A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-12-24 | 合肥锟擎科技有限责任公司 | Pick heat treatment process adopting 5CrMnMo as pick body material |
| CN110607424A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-12-24 | 合肥锟擎科技有限责任公司 | Pick heat treatment process adopting GCr15SiMn as pick body material |
| CN110628989A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-12-31 | 合肥锟擎科技有限责任公司 | Plasma arc hardening process for cutting pick body |
| CN110684887A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2020-01-14 | 合肥锟擎科技有限责任公司 | Pick heat treatment process adopting 55SiMnMo as pick body material |
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| CN110607424A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-12-24 | 合肥锟擎科技有限责任公司 | Pick heat treatment process adopting GCr15SiMn as pick body material |
| CN110628989A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-12-31 | 合肥锟擎科技有限责任公司 | Plasma arc hardening process for cutting pick body |
| CN110684887A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2020-01-14 | 合肥锟擎科技有限责任公司 | Pick heat treatment process adopting 55SiMnMo as pick body material |
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Application publication date: 20131009 |