The preparation method of easy ceramet composite wear-resistant part
Technical field
The present invention relates to wearing composite material technical field, particularly a kind of preparation method of easy ceramet composite wear-resistant part.
Background technology
Wearing and tearing are that prefabricated component produces the most basic a kind of type lost efficacy, and are prevalent in many industries such as metallurgy, mine, thermoelectricity, machinery, cement, colliery at present.Which results in the huge consumption of raw-material significant wastage and the energy, according to incompletely statistics, China consumes metal wear resistant material every year up to more than 5,000,000 tons.The anti-wear performance of visible raising plant equipment and parts, effectively can reduce the consumption of the energy, also can raise labour productivity.
For above-mentioned situation, someone carries and metal and pottery is made composite, and ceramic-metal composites is a kind of advanced composite material (ACM) toughness combination of the high abrasion of pottery, high rigidity performance and metal material got up.The ceramic-metal composite that present China uses, mainly through external import, the ceramic-metal composite that China produces, its performance compared with imported product, also has a certain distance in present stage.No matter domestic or external ceramic-metal composite, its main technique principle is the method manufacture relying on ceramic particle reinforced metal material.
At present, most study be with aluminium oxide, carborundum, tungsten carbide ceramics particles is aggregate, alloy powder or parent metal powder are filler, select kind of a suitable binding agent etc., compressing, make prefabricated section, oven dry, sintering obtain precast body, and then casting matrix molten metal.When casting matrix molten metal, alloy powder melts, molten metal is filled in the hole of this alloy powder, the method needs in prefabricated section, add a large amount of bonding agents, auxiliary agent etc. on the one hand, and mostly these materials are organic substance, contaminated environment, also unfavorable to the health of workman, and the use of these materials, the higher of production cost can be caused.Finally such method needs first to prepare preform blank, is then carried out sintering prefabricated component into by base substrate, then casting matrix molten metal, complex procedures, and when casting matrix molten metal prefabricated component easily cracked, easily peel off.
Summary of the invention
For solving above technical problem, the object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of preparation technology is simple, cost is low, being applicable to the preparation method of batch production, good impact resistance, not easily embrittlement, incrust ceramic-metal composite wearing piece.
The present invention seeks to realize like this: a kind of preparation method of easy ceramet composite wear-resistant part, get one piece of steel wire, this steel wire stamps out groove; The ceramic particle infiltrating process through surface is filled in this groove, gets another same steel silk screen and cover on above-mentioned steel wire, groove is covered, avoids ceramic particle to spread out; Then the above-mentioned steel wire being fixed with ceramic particle is fixed on the correspondence position that casting mold die cavity wearing piece needs to strengthen, casting matrix molten metal obtains wearing piece.
Adopt technique scheme, ceramic particle is directly fixed in the groove of steel wire, eliminate the preparation process of precast body, and eliminate the interpolation of bonding agent and auxiliary agent, environmental protection, cost is low, easy to process, and ceramic particle is rigidly mounted in groove, the phenomenon such as there will not be prefabricated component to ftracture when casting matrix molten metal, to fall apart, shock resistance is good, and wearability is good.This technique is simple, is applicable to batch production.Secondly, at the plating nickel on surface of ceramic particle, improve the cementability between ceramic particle and parent metal liquid, and this nickel coating does not need through high temperature sintering, avoid the oxidation of nickel, make the adhesive property between ceramic particle and parent metal liquid better, improve wearability and shock resistance further.Thermal shock to ceramic material itself when last nickel coating can reduce casting matrix molten metal, avoids ceramic particle to burst.
In technique scheme, in order to improve wearability and the impact resistance of wearing piece, described groove is labyrinth type groove, and its width is 10-40mm, and the degree of depth is 10-30mm.
In technique scheme, in order to improve wearability and the impact resistance of wearing piece, described groove is square groove, in regular queue distribution on steel wire, the steel wire of every square metre distributes 400-1000 groove, and the degree of depth of this groove is 10-30mm, and width is 10-40mm.
In technique scheme, in order to improve wearability and the impact resistance of wearing piece, described groove is circular groove, in regular queue distribution on steel wire, the steel wire of every square metre distributes 400-1000 groove, and the degree of depth of this groove is 10-30mm, and aperture is 10-40mm.
In technique scheme, in order to avoid ceramic particle spills, in order to improve wearability and the impact resistance of wearing piece, the aperture of the eyelet of described steel wire is less than the particle diameter of ceramic particle.
As preferably: the particle diameter of described ceramic particle is 0.5-4mm.
Ceramic particle is the mixture that particle diameter is respectively two kinds of ceramic particles of 1.0-2.0mm, 2.0-4.0mm, and their mass ratio is 5-7:5-3.Adopt the grating of the ceramic particle of two kinds of different size particle size range, by bulky grain and granule mixing, ceramic particle is more evenly distributed, compactness is better, has both facilitated shaping, and has turn improved impact resistance and the wearability of prefabricated component.
As preferably: described ceramic grain surface infiltrates process and refers to plating nickel on surface at ceramic particle, and the thickness of nickel coating is 10-200 μm.
As preferably: described ceramic particle is at least one in carborundum, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, silicon nitride, zirconia, aluminium oxide, ZTA ceramic particle.
Beneficial effect: 1, ceramic particle is evenly distributed, is combined firmly with parent metal, has given full play to pottery and metal characteristic separately, has achieved high-wearing feature and high impact resistance.
2, method is simple, easy and simple to handle, extensive, batch production cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the steel wire that ceramic particle is housed in embodiment 1.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated:
Embodiment 1
Silicon carbide ceramics particle particle diameter being respectively 1.0-2.0mm, 2.0-4.0mm carries out wellability process, and namely ceramic grain surface carries out Nickel Plating Treatment, and wherein particle diameter is the mass ratio of the silicon carbide ceramics particle of 1.0-2.0mm and 2.0-4.0mm is 5:5.The process of described nickel plating comprises the process of surface treatment and plating.
Surface treatment comprises following 5 steps:
(1), oil removing: soak after 10-35min through absolute alcohol solution, with after deionized water wash clean under ul-trasonic irradiation, make the complete oil removing of ceramic grain surface, more naturally dry.
(2), alligatoring: under ul-trasonic irradiation, under normal temperature by hydrofluoric acid dips, make ceramic grain surface alligatoring.
(3), sensitization: with the sensitized solution soak at room temperature 4-6min containing two water protochlorides and hydrochloric acid under ultrasonic wave.
(4), activation: under ultrasonic wave, adopt the solution of chloride containing palladium and hydrochloric acid to activate ceramic grain surface.
(5), reduction: under ultrasonic wave, adopt the Pd that sodium hypophosphite solution reduction ceramic grain surface is residual
2+, soak at room temperature 3-5 minute, then uses washed with de-ionized water, naturally dries.
Surface treated ceramic particle is put into nickel-plating liquid, under continuous stirring, be 4.0-5.0 by acetic acid/sodium-acetate buffer adjusted to ph, temperature 80-90 DEG C, plating 1-1.5h, the component of nickel-plating liquid can be nickelous sulfate 20-30g/L, sodium hypophosphite 20-30g/L, lactic acid 7-9mL/L, ammonium molybdate 10-35mgL.Plating thickness 10 μm.
2, get the steel wire 1 that eyelet particle diameter is 0.4mm, punching press square groove 2 on steel wire 1, the steel wire 1 of every square metre distributes 400-1000 groove 2, and the degree of depth of this groove 2 is 10-30mm, and width is 10-40mm.As shown in Figure 1.
3, the ceramic particle after carrying out wellability process is loaded in the groove 2 of above-mentioned steel wire 1, and be the steel wire sealing of stamped recess with one piece of formed objects;
4, the steel wire that ceramic particle is housed of good seal is fixed on the wearing piece wear-resistant surface position that casting mold die cavity needs cast;
5, be poured in casting mold die cavity by the rich chromium cast iron parent metal liquid of melting, obtain the wearing piece of ceramic particle and parent metal compound, the wearability of described wearing piece is 6.3 times of pure rich chromium cast iron.Impact resistance is obviously than nickel plating on ceramic particle in prior art, and then sintering makes precast body, and wearing piece impact resistance prepared by last casting matrix molten metal is high.Hardness can reach HRC55-75.
The preparation of embodiment 2, ball mill wearing liner plate
1, the titanium carbide and the silicon carbide ceramics particle that particle diameter are respectively 1.0-2.0mm, 2.0-4.0mm carry out wellability process, and the mass ratio of titanium carbide and silicon carbide ceramics particle is 1:1.Wherein, and their particle diameter is the quality of the ceramic particle of 1.0-2.0mm and particle diameter is that the mass ratio of the ceramic particle of 2.0-4.0 is as 7:3.The process of described nickel plating comprises the process of surface treatment and plating.
Surface treatment comprises following 5 steps:
(1), oil removing: soak after 10-35min through absolute alcohol solution, with after deionized water wash clean under ul-trasonic irradiation, make the complete oil removing of ceramic grain surface, more naturally dry.
(2), alligatoring: under ul-trasonic irradiation, under normal temperature by hydrofluoric acid dips, make ceramic grain surface alligatoring.
(3), sensitization: with the sensitized solution soak at room temperature 4-6min containing stannous chloride dihydrate and hydrochloric acid under ultrasonic wave.
(4), activation: under ultrasonic wave, adopt the solution of chloride containing palladium and hydrochloric acid to activate ceramic grain surface.
(5), reduction: under ultrasonic wave, adopt the Pd that sodium hypophosphite solution reduction ceramic grain surface is residual
2+, soak at room temperature 3-5 minute, then uses washed with de-ionized water, naturally dries.
Surface treated ceramic particle is put into nickel-plating liquid, under continuous stirring, be 4.0-5.0 by acetic acid/sodium-acetate buffer adjusted to ph, temperature 80-90 DEG C, plating 1-1.5h, the component of nickel-plating liquid can be nickelous sulfate 20-30g/L, sodium hypophosphite 20-30g/L, lactic acid 7-9mL/L, ammonium molybdate 10-35mgL.Plating thickness is 200 μm.
2, get the steel wire that eyelet particle diameter is 0.45mm, punching press labyrinth type groove on steel wire, the degree of depth of this groove is 10-30mm, and width is 10-40mm.
3, the ceramic particle after carrying out wellability process is loaded in the groove of above-mentioned steel wire, and be the steel wire sealing of stamped recess with one piece of formed objects;
4, the steel wire that ceramic particle is housed of sealing is fixed on the ball grinding machine lining board wear-resistant surface position that casting mold die cavity needs cast;
5, by the potassium steel matrix pouring metal melt of melting in casting mold die cavity, obtain the ball grinding machine lining board of ceramic particle and parent metal compound; The wearability of described ball grinding machine lining board is 6.2 times of the wearability of pure rich chromium cast iron ball grinding machine lining board.Hardness can reach HRC55-75.
Embodiment 3
Be that the silicon carbide ceramics particle of 0.5-4mm carries out wellability process by particle diameter, namely ceramic grain surface carries out Nickel Plating Treatment, and the process of described nickel plating comprises the process of surface treatment and plating.
Surface treatment comprises following 5 steps:
(1), oil removing: soak after 10-35min through absolute alcohol solution, with after deionized water wash clean under ul-trasonic irradiation, make the complete oil removing of ceramic grain surface, more naturally dry.
(2), alligatoring: under ul-trasonic irradiation, under normal temperature by hydrofluoric acid dips, make ceramic grain surface alligatoring.
(3), sensitization: with the sensitized solution soak at room temperature 4-6min containing stannous chloride dihydrate and hydrochloric acid under ultrasonic wave.
(4), activation: under ultrasonic wave, adopt the solution of chloride containing palladium and hydrochloric acid to activate ceramic grain surface.
(5), reduction: under ultrasonic wave, adopt the Pd that sodium hypophosphite solution reduction ceramic grain surface is residual
2+, soak at room temperature 3-5 minute, then uses washed with de-ionized water, naturally dries.
Surface treated ceramic particle is put into nickel-plating liquid, under continuous stirring, be 4.0-5.0 by acetic acid/sodium-acetate buffer adjusted to ph, temperature 80-90 DEG C, plating 1-1.5h, the component of nickel-plating liquid can be nickelous sulfate 20-30g/L, sodium hypophosphite 20-30g/L, lactic acid 7-9mL/L, ammonium molybdate 10-35mgL.Plating thickness 50 μm.
2, get the steel wire that eyelet particle diameter is 0.4mm, punching press square groove on steel wire, the steel wire of every square metre distributes 400-1000 groove, and the degree of depth of this groove is 10-30mm, and width is 10-40mm.
3, the ceramic particle after carrying out wellability process is loaded in the groove of above-mentioned steel wire, and be the steel wire sealing of stamped recess with one piece of formed objects;
4, the steel wire that ceramic particle is housed of sealing is fixed on the wearing piece wear-resistant surface position that casting mold die cavity needs cast;
5, be poured in casting mold die cavity by the rich chromium cast iron parent metal liquid of melting, obtain the wearing piece of ceramic particle and parent metal compound, the wearability of described wearing piece is 5.8 times of pure rich chromium cast iron.Impact resistance is obviously than nickel plating on ceramic particle in prior art, and then sintering makes precast body, and wearing piece impact resistance prepared by last casting matrix molten metal is high.Hardness can reach HRC55-75.
The present invention is not limited to specific embodiment, and described groove can also be circular groove.Ceramic particle also can select the combination of carborundum, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, silicon nitride, zirconia, aluminium oxide, ZTA ceramic particle other and they.Parent metal liquid also can adopt potassium steel, steel alloy, nickel chromium triangle low-alloy cast iron, grey cast-iron etc. except rich chromium cast iron, as long as adopt design of the present invention, all falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.