CN103331345A - Stretch-bending forming device with insulated stretching head and forming method thereof - Google Patents
Stretch-bending forming device with insulated stretching head and forming method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103331345A CN103331345A CN2013102895187A CN201310289518A CN103331345A CN 103331345 A CN103331345 A CN 103331345A CN 2013102895187 A CN2013102895187 A CN 2013102895187A CN 201310289518 A CN201310289518 A CN 201310289518A CN 103331345 A CN103331345 A CN 103331345A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stretch-bending forming device with an insulated stretching head and a forming method of the stretching-bending forming device. The insulated stretching head is arranged between a rotating support arm of a stretch-bending machine and a pneumatic chuck, and the two ends of insulated stretching head are connected with a rear cover of the pneumatic chuck and the rotating support arm of the stretch-bending machine respectively. An insulated working platform is arranged on the upper surface of a rotary table of the stretch-bending machine. A stretch-bending die is installed on the upper surface of the insulated working platform. A pulse power supply is located at one side of the rotary table of the stretch-bending machine and the pneumatic chuck, the pulse power supply keeps a safety distance from the rotary table of the stretch-bending machine and the pneumatic chuck, and a lead line of the pulse power supply is connected to a part to be formed. According to the stretch-bending forming device with the insulated stretching head, the insulated stretching head is used for achieving insulation between the part to be formed and a machine body of the stretch-bending machine, and therefore the safety of personnel and equipment are guaranteed. Due to applied electric plasticity stretching-bending forming, the resistance to deformation of materials is reduced, the forming limit of the materials is greatly improved, the surface quality and the comprehensive mechanical property of a product are improved, and the production quality and production efficiency of the part are improved. Besides, the stretch-bending forming device with the insulated stretching head is convenient to use, practical, simple in structure, easy to produce and manufacture, and good in insulation effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to shape stretch wrap forming technical field, specifically is a kind of aluminium lithium alloy section bar Electroplastic stretch bending insulation pull head and building mortion.
Background technology
The section bar stretch wrap forming has obtained using very widely in aircraft manufacturing, connectors such as fuselage, bulkhead, rib, engine mount are mainly used in being shaped, adopt stretch bending process can make part obtain rational school shape surplus, improve the accuracy of manufacture of part, reduce the manufacturing cost of part.Yet along with the raising day by day that processing precision of products requires, the resilience in the existing section bar stretch wrap forming process, wrinkling and outer defective such as break highlight all the more, have limited the application of traditional stretch wrap forming.
Chinese patent CN102172689 (light-weight metal section bar Electroplastic stretch bending device) has introduced a kind of light-weight metal section bar Electroplastic stretch bending device, comprise mould, high energy pulse power supply and clamp, wherein two clamps are symmetrically distributed about mould and the power end of clamp links to each other with the high energy pulse power supply, two chucks are symmetrically distributed in both sides, the axis formation electrode cavity of clamp, electrode insulation is fixed in the electrode cavity and with the high energy pulse power supply and links to each other, and the working portion surface of electrode cavity and mould scribbles the aluminium oxide ceramics layer.But this method has following shortcoming: being coated with insulating barrier can leaky occur because the friction breakage in the use and coating aging come off, and the clamping force of this electroded special chuck and working strength are difficult to guarantee different size section bar stretch bending demand.Should guarantee in the Electroplastic stretch bending process that high-density current only is added on the section bar, other parts will be carried out strict insulation processing, the main body of stretch benders all is iron structure, very easily conduct electricity, the hydraulic oil chance function of current in the hydraulic gear of stretch benders can cause fire simultaneously, the common method that is coated with insulating barrier at chuck and die surface, can leaky appear because the friction breakage in the use and coating aging come off, therefore, the quality of insulation processing will directly influence operating personnel's safety and the safety of machinery equipment.
Metal electricity plasticity has very important application in engineering, if this performance of research and utilization metal effectively will have very large impetus to manufacturing industry.Aluminium lithium alloy is very potential structural material, and it is low because of density, and easily characteristics such as processing will be by the extensive use of aviation process industry, but it has also influenced some performances because it is more crisp.Stretch its range of application of increase that can be bigger and the stretch bending performance if improve it by electric plasticity.
Summary of the invention
The Insulation Problems of section bar and stretch benders rotation support arm when overcoming the Electroplastic stretch bending that exists in the prior art, and in the stretch wrap forming process, produce resilience, wrinkling and outer defective of breaking, the present invention proposes a kind of have insulation pull head stretch wrap forming device and manufacturing process.
Of the present invention have insulation pull head stretch wrap forming device to comprise stretch benders rotation support arm, insulation pull head, pneumatic chuck, stretch benders turntable, insulation workbench, stretch bending mould and the pulse power.The insulation pull head is between stretch benders rotation support arm and pneumatic chuck, and an end of insulation pull head is connected with the pneumatic chuck bonnet, and the other end of insulation pull head is connected with stretch benders rotation support arm, and the insulation workbench is installed in the upper surface of stretch benders turntable.The stretch bending mould is installed in the upper surface of insulation workbench.The pulse power is positioned at a side of stretch benders turntable and pneumatic chuck, and and stretch benders turntable and pneumatic chuck between keep a safe distance; The lead of drawing of the pulse power is connected on the part to be formed.
Described insulation pull head comprises first fixture block, insulating washer, second fixture block, insulating sleeve, fastening bolt and insulation board.Insulation board is between first fixture block and second fixture block, and two end faces of insulation board are fitted with the bottom surface of first fixture block and second fixture block respectively.Be evenly equipped with the installation through hole of a plurality of concentric insulating sleeves respectively at the end face of described first fixture block and second fixture block.A plurality of fastening bolts are respectively charged in each insulating sleeve, described first fixture block is connected with second fixture block and tightens up; Between the end face of the end face of first fixture block and second fixture block and each fastening bolt, insulate by insulating washer.
The described first fixture block larger diameter end is bare terminal end, a surface engagement of the end face of this bare terminal end and insulation board.The first fixture block smaller diameter end is link.Be distributed with the through hole of a plurality of installation insulating sleeves at the end face of the described first fixture block bare terminal end; And the center line of this through hole is parallel with the center line of first fixture block.
The described second fixture block larger diameter end is bare terminal end, another surface engagement of the end face of this bare terminal end and insulation board.The second fixture block smaller diameter end is link; Be distributed with the through hole of a plurality of installation insulating sleeves at the end face of the described second fixture block bare terminal end; And the through hole on the end face of the center line of this through hole and the first fixture block bare terminal end is concentric; Outer surface at second fixture block all applies insulated paint.
The invention allows for a kind of described method that insulation pull head stretch wrap forming device stretch wrap forming is arranged of utilizing, detailed process is:
The first step, clamping part to be formed.Lay insulation board on the stretch benders turntable is placed on mould on the described insulation board.Part to be formed is placed on the mould, and clamps with pneumatic chuck.
In second step, set the stretch benders parameter.The pulse power is connected on the part to be formed.Described stretch benders parameter is: pulse current is 1200A, and current density is 120A/mm
2Send out the pulsatile once electricity every 30s, each pulse persistance 0.03s.In whole stretch wrap forming, remain the stretch benders parameter that sets.
The 3rd step, prestretched.In the prestretched, pretension is loaded into 6000N step by step by 0N, and every grade amplification is 1000N, and every grade speedup is 16.6N/s, reaches 6000N until the load desired value, finishes the prestretched for the treatment of formation of parts.Loading pretension in the described prestretched step by step is: the pretension of stretch benders stops to load 10s from 0N when pretension reaches 1000N, make load be stabilized in 1000N; Adjusting the pretension desired value is 2000N, stops to load 10s when pretension reaches 2000N, makes load be stabilized in 2000N; The rest may be inferred, reaches 6000N until the load desired value.
The 4th step, bending forming.After prestretched finishes, the part to be formed through prestretched is carried out bending forming.In bending forming, the stretch benders turntable rotates 120 ° with 5 °/min, and stretch benders remain the 6000N pulling force.Obtain the part of Electroplastic stretch wrap forming.
The 4th step, precision measure.
The present invention utilizes turntable type numerical control stretch benders, by insulation board first fixture block and the second fixture block joint are separated, reach the purpose of front and back end insulation, then insulating sleeve being put in the circular hole of flange insulate screw rod and flange, with the fastening bolt that is with insulating washer each building block of pull head is connected then, first fixture block with pull head is connected with pneumatic chuck at last, with the screw thread place precession pneumatic chuck bonnet of leading portion flange, and carries out encapsulation process.
The present invention is placed on the section bar front end on the stretch bending mould, again the stretch bending mould is placed on the insulation workbench, and the retaining part that carries with the stretch bending mould clamps, the other end clamps with pneumatic chuck, the pulse power is received on the section bar, owing to connect the insulation pull head among the present invention behind the pneumatic chuck, section bar and stretch benders body can well be insulated by insulation workbench and insulation pull head like this, the safety of assurance personnel and equipment, start turntable stretch-bending machine and make pulse power supply and carry out the stretch bending process, along with the rotation of stretch benders turntable, section bar bends and coating mould.
The present invention takes full advantage of electric plastic working principle, has proposed a kind of Electroplastic stretch bending insulation pull head, is used for the insulation of pneumatic chuck and stretch benders rotation support arm coupling part, prevents that electric current from flowing on the body with chuck.In addition, a kind of Electroplastic stretch wrap forming device with this insulation pull head also is provided, the present invention can well guarantee the insulating properties of section bar and stretch benders rotation support arm, because what adopt is insulating materials, can well avoid friction breakage that surface spraying insulating barrier method follows and the coating aging defective that comes off, operating personnel's safety is guaranteed, namely under the situation that guarantees safety, can give full play to the advantage that Electroplastic is shaped, when being subjected to the stimulation of electric pulse in the material deformation district, the atom of material internal obtains energy, atomic vibration strengthens, thereby accelerated dislocation motion, can change the dislocation activation energy, opened the entanglement between dislocation, make it overcome obstacle on the slide surface easily, material deformation is easier like this, reduced the distortion of materials drag, significantly increase the forming limit of material, the percentage elongation about 8% of aluminium lithium alloy under the no power situation, continue to stretch and fracture to occur, and adopt under the effect of logical high energy pulse electric current, the percentage elongation of aluminium lithium alloy can be brought up to about 15%, this has just increased the advantage of the bending forming of aluminium lithium alloy architrave class part greatly, solved conventional stretch bending because forming limit is former thereby electric plasticity stretch wrap forming that can't formation of parts, in addition, electric pulse can improve the plastic deformation of metal material ability, promote the crystallization process of non-crystaline amorphous metal, the solidified structure of refinement alloy, improve surface quality of products and comprehensive mechanical property, solve the resilience in the section bar stretch wrap forming process well, quality problems such as wrinkling and skin breaks, improve the part quality of production and production efficiency, and the present invention is convenient and practical, simple in structure, be easy to processing and manufacturing, insulation effect is good.
Description of drawings
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of building mortion among the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of insulation pull head.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of first fixture block.
Fig. 4 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of insulation board.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of second fixture block.
Fig. 7 is different current densities and percentage elongation relation in the electric plastic working, and transverse axis represents current density among the figure, and the longitudinal axis represents percentage elongation.
Fig. 8 is current density 110A/mm in the electric plastic working
2Transverse axis a% represents after the material extending a% in energising among the figure to the influence of percentage elongation different energising opportunity under the condition, and the longitudinal axis represents percentage elongation.Wherein:
1. stretch benders rotations support arm, 2. insulation pull head, 3. pneumatic chuck, 4. stretch benders turntable, 5. insulation workbench, 6. stretch bending mould, the 7. pulse power, 8. section bar, 9. first fixture block, 10. insulating washer, 11. second fixture blocks, 12. nuts, 13. insulating sleeves, 14. fastening bolts, 15. insulation boards.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment one
Present embodiment is the stretch wrap forming device for the aluminium lithium alloy T section bar of thickness 2mm, obtains after stretch benders of the prior art are improved.
Present embodiment comprises stretch benders rotation support arm 1, insulation pull head 2, pneumatic chuck 3, stretch benders turntable 4, insulation workbench 5, stretch bending mould 6, the pulse power 7 of building mortion.Wherein: insulation pull head 2 is between stretch benders rotation support arm 1 and pneumatic chuck 3, in the screwed hole of front end by precession pneumatic chuck 3 bonnets that are threaded of insulation pull head 2, rear end and the stretch benders of insulation pull head 2 rotate support arm 1 and are connected by bolt, insulation workbench 5 is installed to the upper surface of stretch benders turntable 4, the bottom surface of insulation workbench 5 and the upper surface of stretch benders turntable 4 are fitted, and pass through bolted, stretch bending mould 6 is installed to the upper surface of insulation workbench 5, fit with the upper surface of insulation workbench 5 in the bottom surface of stretch bending mould 6, and pass through bolted, the pulse power 7 is positioned at a side of stretch benders turntable 4 and pneumatic chuck 3, and do not contact with pneumatic chuck 3 with stretch benders turntable 4, keep a safe distance, one end of section bar 8 is positioned on the stretch bending mould 6, the other end is positioned on the pneumatic chuck 3, and the lead of drawing of the pulse power 7 is connected on the section bar 8.
Described insulation pull head 2 comprises first fixture block 9, insulating washer 10, second fixture block 11, insulating sleeve 13, fastening bolt 14 and insulation board 15.
Described first fixture block 9 is revolving body, with 45
#Steel is made, and is used for connecting pneumatic chuck 3 and second fixture block 11.The profile of first fixture block 9 is " T " font.First fixture block, 9 larger diameter end are bare terminal end, a surface engagement of the end face of this bare terminal end and insulation board.First fixture block, 9 smaller diameter end are threaded ends, are used for this first fixture block 9 is connected with the bonnet of pneumatic chuck 3.End face at described first fixture block, 9 bare terminal ends is distributed with 6 through holes that insulating sleeve 13 is installed; And the center line of this through hole is parallel with the center line of first fixture block 9.
Described second fixture block 11 is revolving body, with 45
#Steel is made, and is used for connecting first fixture block 11 and stretch benders rotation support arm 1.The profile of described second fixture block 11 is " T " font.Second fixture block, 11 larger diameter end are bare terminal end, another surface engagement of the end face of this bare terminal end and insulation board.Second fixture block, 11 smaller diameter end are link, and the plane that cooperates with stretch benders rotations support arm 1 is arranged in the termination of this link, during connection, the link of second fixture block 11 are inserted in the jaw that stretch benders rotate support arm 1, and fix by pin.Be to guarantee safety and stretch bending effect, all apply insulated paint at the outer surface of second fixture block 11.
In the present embodiment, the thickness of first fixture block, 9 bare terminal ends and second fixture block 11 are that the thickness of bare terminal end is identical, are 40mm.
Described insulating sleeve 13 usefulness high-strength phenolic resin laminates are made, and described insulating washer 10 usefulness high strength zirconia ceramics are made.
In the present embodiment, the described pulse power is middle mountain precious occasion board high energy pulse Switching Power Supply, its relevant parameter is as follows, output DC stream: 0～200A, 400A, 600A ... 30000A is adjustable, pulse duty factor: 0～100% is adjustable continuously, pulse frequency: 0～20000HZ is adjustable continuously, according to the size of the size adjustment output DC of concrete formation of parts stream.
Embodiment two
Present embodiment is to utilize embodiment 1 described insulation pull head stretch wrap forming device Electroplastic stretch wrap forming thickness to be the method for the aluminium lithium alloy T section bar of 2mm.Described T section bar depth of section is 28mm, mold radius of curvature 250mm.
In the present embodiment, the tensile force of described turntable stretch-bending machine master stretching cylinder is 0-8T, and main stretching cylinder range is 2000mm, and main stretching cylinder operating rate is 0-12mm/s, and turntable diameter is 1000mm, and the electrode general power is 30.8kw.
Detailed process is:
The first step, clamping part to be formed.Lay insulation board on the stretch benders turntable is placed on mould on the described insulation board.Aluminium lithium alloy T section bar is placed on the mould, and clamps with pneumatic chuck, finish the installation of part to be formed.Described insulation board adopts the high-strength phenolic resin laminate.
In second step, set the stretch benders parameter.The pulse power is connected on the aluminium lithium alloy T section bar.The setting pulse current is 1200A, and current density is 120A/mm
2, send out the pulsatile once electricity every 30S, each pulse persistance 0.03S.In whole stretch wrap forming, remain the stretch benders parameter that sets.
The 3rd step, prestretched.Start stretch benders, carry out prestretched.Pretension is loaded into 6000N step by step by 0N, and every grade amplification is 1000N, and every grade speedup is 16.6N/S, specifically is, the pretension of stretch benders is from 0N, is loaded into 1000N with the speedup of 16.6N/S, stops to load 10S, makes load be stabilized in 1000N.Adjusting the pretension desired value is 2000N, and is loaded into 2000N with the speedup of 16.6N/S, stops to load 10S, makes load be stabilized in this desired value.Repeat said process, reach 6000N until the load desired value, finish the prestretched to aluminium lithium alloy T section bar.
The 4th step, bending forming.Prestretched is carried out bending forming to described aluminium lithium alloy T section bar after finishing.In bending forming, the stretch benders turntable rotates 120 ° with 5 °/min, and stretch benders remain the 6000N pulling force.Obtain the aluminium lithium alloy T section bar of Electroplastic stretch wrap forming.
The 5th step, precision measure.After stretch bending finished, powered-down and stretch benders took off the stretch bending part, compared with conventional stretch bending part, measured forming accuracy.
Observe the stretch bending part after the off-test, do not find defectives such as wrinkling and skin breaks, and surface quality of workpieces is better, has high dimension precision, and the bending radius of this moment is 250mm, and during conventional stretch bending same size aluminium lithium alloy T section bar, just occur outer fracture phenomena when bending radius is 400mm, hence one can see that, and electric plasticity stretch bending can reduce the distortion of materials drag, significantly increases the forming limit of material, improve surface quality of products simultaneously, improve lumber recovery.
Embodiment three
Present embodiment is to utilize embodiment 1 described insulation pull head stretch wrap forming device Electroplastic stretch wrap forming thickness to be the method for the aluminium lithium alloy T section bar of 2mm.Described T section bar depth of section is 50mm, mold radius of curvature 450mm.
In the present embodiment, the tensile force of described turntable stretch-bending machine master stretching cylinder is 0-8T, and main stretching cylinder range is 2000mm, and main stretching cylinder operating rate is 0-12mm/s, and turntable diameter is 1000mm, and the electrode general power is 30.8kw.
Detailed process is:
The first step, clamping part to be formed.Lay insulation board on the stretch benders turntable is placed on mould on the described insulation board.Aluminium lithium alloy T section bar is placed on the mould, and clamps with pneumatic chuck, finish the installation of part to be formed.Described insulation board adopts the high-strength phenolic resin laminate.
In second step, set the stretch benders parameter.The pulse power is connected on the aluminium lithium alloy T section bar.The setting pulse current is 1600A, sends out the pulsatile once electricity every 30S, each pulse persistance 0.03S.In whole stretch wrap forming, remain the stretch benders parameter that sets.
The 3rd step, prestretched.Start stretch benders, carry out prestretched.Pretension is loaded into 7000N step by step by 0N, and every grade amplification is 1000N, and every grade speedup is 16.6N/S, specifically is, the pretension of stretch benders is from 0N, is loaded into 1000N with the speedup of 16.6N/S, stops to load 10S, makes load be stabilized in 1000N.Adjusting the pretension desired value is 2000N, and is loaded into 2000N with the speedup of 16.6N/S, stops to load 10S, makes load be stabilized in this desired value.Repeat said process, reach 7000N until the load desired value, finish the prestretched to aluminium lithium alloy T section bar.
The 4th step, bending forming.Prestretched is carried out bending forming to described aluminium lithium alloy T section bar after finishing.In bending forming, the stretch benders turntable rotates 120 ° with 5 °/min, and stretch benders remain the 7000N pulling force.Obtain the aluminium lithium alloy T section bar of Electroplastic stretch wrap forming.
The 5th step, precision measure.Powered-down and stretch benders take off the stretch bending part, compare with conventional stretch bending part, observe forming quality.
Observe the stretch bending part after the off-test, do not find defectives such as wrinkling and skin breaks, and surface quality of workpieces is better, has high dimension precision, and the bending radius of this moment is 250mm, and during conventional stretch bending same size aluminium lithium alloy T section bar, just occur outer fracture phenomena when bending radius is 400mm, hence one can see that, and electric plasticity stretch bending can reduce the distortion of materials drag, significantly increases the forming limit of material, improve surface quality of products simultaneously, improve lumber recovery.
Claims (6)
1. one kind has insulation pull head stretch wrap forming device, it is characterized in that, comprises stretch benders rotation support arm, insulation pull head, pneumatic chuck, stretch benders turntable, insulation workbench, stretch bending mould and the pulse power; The insulation pull head is between stretch benders rotation support arm and pneumatic chuck, and an end of insulation pull head is connected with the pneumatic chuck bonnet, and the other end of insulation pull head is connected with stretch benders rotation support arm, and the insulation workbench is installed in the upper surface of stretch benders turntable; The stretch bending mould is installed in the upper surface of insulation workbench; The pulse power is positioned at a side of stretch benders turntable and pneumatic chuck, and and stretch benders turntable and pneumatic chuck between keep a safe distance; The lead of drawing of the pulse power is connected on the part to be formed.
2. a kind of according to claim 1 have an insulation pull head stretch wrap forming device, it is characterized in that described insulation pull head comprises first fixture block, insulating washer, second fixture block, insulating sleeve, fastening bolt and insulation board; Insulation board is between first fixture block and second fixture block, and two end faces of insulation board are fitted with the bottom surface of first fixture block and second fixture block respectively; Be evenly equipped with the installation through hole of a plurality of concentric insulating sleeves respectively at the end face of described first fixture block and second fixture block; A plurality of fastening bolts are respectively charged in each insulating sleeve, described first fixture block is connected with second fixture block and tightens up; Between the end face of the end face of first fixture block and second fixture block and each fastening bolt, insulate by insulating washer.
3. a kind of according to claim 1 have an insulation pull head stretch wrap forming device, it is characterized in that the first fixture block larger diameter end is bare terminal end, a surface engagement of the end face of this bare terminal end and insulation board; The first fixture block smaller diameter end is link; Be distributed with the through hole of a plurality of installation insulating sleeves at the end face of the described first fixture block bare terminal end; And the center line of this through hole is parallel with the center line of first fixture block.
4. a kind of according to claim 1 have an insulation pull head stretch wrap forming device, it is characterized in that the second fixture block larger diameter end is bare terminal end, another surface engagement of the end face of this bare terminal end and insulation board; The second fixture block smaller diameter end is link; Be distributed with the through hole of a plurality of installation insulating sleeves at the end face of the described second fixture block bare terminal end; And the through hole on the end face of the center line of this through hole and the first fixture block bare terminal end is concentric; Outer surface at second fixture block all applies insulated paint.
5. one kind is utilized the described method that insulation pull head stretch wrap forming device stretch wrap forming is arranged of claim 1, it is characterized in that detailed process is:
The first step, clamping part to be formed; Lay insulation board on the stretch benders turntable is placed on mould on the described insulation board;
Part to be formed is placed on the mould, and clamps with pneumatic chuck;
In second step, set the stretch benders parameter; The pulse power is connected on the part to be formed; Described stretch benders parameter is: pulse current is 1200A, and current density is 120A/mm
2Send out the pulsatile once electricity every 30s, each pulse persistance 0.03s; In whole stretch wrap forming, remain the stretch benders parameter that sets;
The 3rd step, prestretched; In the prestretched, pretension is loaded into 6000N step by step by 0N, and every grade amplification is 1000N, and every grade speedup is 16.6N/s, reaches 6000N until the load desired value, finishes the prestretched for the treatment of formation of parts;
The 4th step, bending forming; After prestretched finishes, the part to be formed through prestretched is carried out bending forming; In bending forming, the stretch benders turntable rotates 120 ° with 5 °/min, and stretch benders remain the 6000N pulling force; Obtain the part of Electroplastic stretch wrap forming;
The 4th step, precision measure.
6. the method that insulation pull head stretch wrap forming device stretch wrap forming is arranged as utilization as described in the claim 5, it is characterized in that, loading pretension in the described prestretched step by step is: the pretension of stretch benders stops to load 10s from 0N when pretension reaches 1000N, make load be stabilized in 1000N; Adjusting the pretension desired value is 2000N, stops to load 10s when pretension reaches 2000N, makes load be stabilized in 2000N; The rest may be inferred, reaches 6000N until the load desired value.
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| CN103962425A (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2014-08-06 | 西北工业大学 | Electric heating stretching-bending forming device for airplane titanium alloy sectional materials |
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| CN112264490A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-26 | 南昌航空大学 | Pulse current assisted titanium alloy pipe numerical control bending forming die |
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