CN103330570A - X-ray collimator, X-ray collimation system and movable CT scanner - Google Patents
X-ray collimator, X-ray collimation system and movable CT scanner Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003708 edge detection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 102100027340 Slit homolog 2 protein Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 101710133576 Slit homolog 2 protein Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000691 Re alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 3
- DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium tungsten Chemical compound [W].[Re] DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 231100000987 absorbed dose Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000342 Monte Carlo simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102100025490 Slit homolog 1 protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710123186 Slit homolog 1 protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037237 body shape Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4405—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis the apparatus being movable or portable, e.g. handheld or mounted on a trolley
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/06—Diaphragms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/42—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4291—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis the detector being combined with a grid or grating
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Abstract
The invention discloses an X-ray collimator, an X-ray collimation system and a movable CT (computed tomography) scanner. The X-ray collimator comprises a square body, wherein a square gap is formed on the upper edge of the square body in the length direction of the square body. The X-ray collimation system comprises an X-ray source, wherein the collimator is arranged on an X-ray emergent light path of the X-ray source. The movable CT scanner comprises the X-ray collimation system. The X-ray collimator can limit an X-ray beam emitted by an X-ray tube in an absorption manner within a range where a detector can receive, so that the X-ray collimator is excellent in performance and can prevent a detected human body from absorbing additional radiation dose. Rear collimators of the X-ray collimation system are placed in front of the detector and can absorb scattered X photons, so that a signal-to-noise ratio of a signal acquired by the detector can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of medical, be specifically related to a kind of x-ray collimator, X ray colimated light system and mobile CT scanner.
Background technology
When X ray was used for medical examination apparatus, X-ray tube sent the X ray light beam, and detector need receive the X ray light beam that X-ray tube sends.Use collimator by the mode that absorbs with the X ray beam limit in the scope that detector can receive, avoid the extra radiation dose of tested person's bulk absorption.Existing collimator serviceability is poor, can not effectively prevent from human body is damaged.
Summary of the invention
Provide hereinafter about brief overview of the present invention, in order to basic comprehension about some aspect of the present invention is provided.Should be appreciated that this general introduction is not about exhaustive general introduction of the present invention.It is not that intention is determined key of the present invention or pith, neither be intended to limit scope of the present invention.Its purpose only is that the form of simplifying provides some concept, with this as the preorder of discussing after a while in greater detail.
The purpose of the embodiment of the invention is the defective at above-mentioned prior art, provide a kind of serviceability good, the X ray beam limit that X-ray tube can be sent is avoided the x-ray collimator of the extra radiation dose of tested person's bulk absorption in the scope that detector can receive.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of X ray colimated light system and mobile CT scanner.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme taked of the present invention is:
A kind of x-ray collimator comprises square body, offers square slit on its length direction of described square body upper edge.
The invention provides a kind of X ray colimated light system, comprising: x-ray source, the X ray emitting light path of described x-ray source is provided with above-mentioned collimator.
The invention provides a kind of mobile CT scanner, comprise above-mentioned X ray colimated light system.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The X ray beam limit that x-ray collimator of the present invention sends X-ray tube by the mode that absorbs is in the scope that detector can receive, and excellent performance is avoided the extra radiation dose of tested person's bulk absorption.Before back of the present invention collimator then is placed on detector, X-ray of ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING, the signal to noise ratio of the signal that the raising detector collects.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
The structural representation of a kind of x-ray collimator that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The structural representation of the X ray colimated light system that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The back collimator geometry sketch map that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
Square partition body thickness and relation curve highly that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is blocked sketch map for the edge detection unit that the embodiment of the invention provides by square partition body;
The edge detection unit efficiencies loss curve chart that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The back collimator design diagram that Fig. 7 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
80keV X-ray that Fig. 8 provides for the embodiment of the invention passes the angle of scattering scattergram behind the 20cm water mould.
Reference numeral:
The square body of 1-; The 2-slit; The 3-X radiographic source; The 4-X ray collimator; The 5-detector; Collimator behind the 6-; The 7-focus.
The specific embodiment
For the purpose, technical scheme and the advantage that make the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.The element of describing in an accompanying drawing of the present invention or a kind of embodiment and feature can combine with element and the feature shown in one or more other accompanying drawing or the embodiment.Should be noted that for purpose clearly, omitted the parts that have nothing to do with the present invention, those of ordinary skills are known and expression and the description of processing in accompanying drawing and the explanation.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills belong to the scope of protection of the invention not paying the every other embodiment that obtains under the creative work prerequisite.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of x-ray collimator comprises square body 1, offers square slit 2 on its length direction of square body 1 upper edge.
X-ray collimator restriction X-ray outgoing scope of the present invention, serviceability is good, reduces absorbed dose, prevents from tested human body is damaged.X-ray collimator of the present invention is a kind of preceding collimator, is placed between X-ray tube and the human body, says so more accurately between filter and human body.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, the material of square body 1 is tungsten alloy, the alloy of preferred tungsten, nickel and ferrum, and wherein the weight percentage of tungsten is 93%, and the weight percentage of nickel is 5%, and the weight percentage of ferrum is 2%, and the tungsten alloy density value is 17.5g/cm
3Also can select tungsten-rhenium alloy for use.
In order to reduce the shared radial space of collimator, reduce the thickness of collimator, the material selection tungsten alloy of collimator is as thin slice.Though the alloy of tungsten, nickel and ferrum is than pure tungsten (19.3g/cm
3) density a little low, but than the good toughness of pure tungsten, be not easy fracture, shock-resistant ability is strong, the yield rate height.Adopt tungsten-rhenium alloy to increase pliability, reduce fragility.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, the length in slit 2 is 65-75mm; And/or the width in slit 1 is 3-6mm; And/or the thickness of square body 1 is 2-4mm.
The thickness of length, width and square body by adopting above-mentioned slit, the x-ray collimator serviceability is more excellent.
Because x-ray source is not desirable point source, but has certain physical dimension, so adopt monte carlo method that imaging system has been carried out physical modeling.According to x-ray collimator residing position in imaging system, the X ray that the x-ray source with certain size is produced has carried out analog computation through the intensity distributions of the collimator arrival detector of different in width.
Because the machine error that in the actual installation process, inevitably exists, consider the error of debuging of x-ray collimator ± 0.1mm, and reduce the difference that edge pixel and center pixel receive X ray intensity, need the seam in the suitable slit of increase x-ray collimator wide.So through taking all factors into consideration, the best design parameter of x-ray collimator is:
The length in slit 2 is 70mm; The width in slit 2 is 4mm; The thickness of square body 1 is 3mm.
Referring to Fig. 2, a kind of X ray colimated light system comprises: x-ray source 3, the X ray emitting light path of x-ray source 3 is provided with x-ray collimator 4.
X-ray collimator is used for the X ray colimated light system, reduces absorbed dose, prevents from human body is damaged.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, also comprise detector 5 and plural back collimator 6, be provided with x-ray collimator 4, back collimator 6 and detector 5 on the X ray emitting light path of x-ray source 3 successively, plural back collimator 6 is arranged on the detector 5 in the mode of middle convergent type.
Back collimator is made by highdensity tungsten alloy sheet, and back collimator can ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING X-ray, improves signal to noise ratio.
The alloy of the preferred tungsten of the material of back collimator, nickel and ferrum, wherein the weight percentage of tungsten is 93%, and the weight percentage of nickel is 5%, and the weight percentage of ferrum is 2%, and the tungsten alloy density value is 17.5g/cm3.Also can select tungsten-rhenium alloy for use.Have good toughness, be not easy fracture, be fit to do the advantage of thin slice.
The general employing is arranged in parallel between the square partition body of back of the present invention collimator and the square partition body, and its center distance determines that by the unit size of detector its thickness is subjected to the interval constraint between the probe unit.Because the size of detector scintillator unit (0.65mm) and packed layer (0.1mm) determines, the gauge of square partition body of later collimator physical constraint has just been arranged.Its maximum ga(u)ge can not surpass 0.1mm.Now provide thickness and the height value of partition according to result of calculation.
The square partition body thickness of back collimator and the geometry sketch map of height relationships are seen Fig. 3.A plurality of backs collimator 6 has been arranged in parallel on the detector 5.Wherein, d is the effective probe unit size between the two square partition bodies, and t is square partition body thickness, and L is the height of square partition body, and w is the distance that photon is walked in square partition body.Back collimator 6 materials are tungsten alloy.The correlation computations process is as follows:
Can obtain following formula-1 by geometrical relationship:
Following formula is out of shape:
The photon share that expectation penetrates collimator partition arrival detector is no more than 5%, namely
e
-μ w≤ 0.05 (formula-3)
Wherein μ is the linear attenuation coefficient under the corresponding energy.Then
μ W 〉=3 (formula-4)
to get
W 〉=3/ μ (formula-5)
Then the calculating formula of h is formula-6:
X-ray of 80keV and 100keV is tested and numerical computations.In order to verify the design parameter of this laboratory collimator, the relation curve when also having calculated d=1.1mm.The thickness of collimator is 0.9mm behind this laboratory, and height is 12mm.The height of back collimator and the relation between the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 are as shown in Figure 4.If select the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of 0.05mm for use, then only need the height value of 10mm, and select the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of 0.1mm for use, then only need the height value of 5mm.Because the positioning accuracy of back collimator can only reach 20 μ m, for fear of cause the back collimator to take the space of scintillator because of position error, cause effective geometrical efficiency to descend, therefore can only select the following square partition body of 0.1mm one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 for use.
It should be noted that because each module is plane but not arc, so because of the influence of the square partition body shape of back collimator, the geometrical efficiency of edge detection unit will be lower than the center probe unit.
Suppose that X-ray that focus is sent is the square partition body (Fig. 5) of parallel back collimator in the central area, then the size △ x that is blocked of edge detection unit can calculate according to following formula-7.
Wherein, L is the distance that focus arrives detector, and n is that the edge is to the partition number at detector module center.
The geometrical efficiency that reduces is:
Result of calculation is seen Fig. 6.
As can be seen from Figure 6, along with the increase of collimator partition height, the geometrical efficiency of edge detection unit loss is increasing.The loss in efficiency that causes because block for fear of the edge detection unit, the arrangement scheme of collimator after therefore adjusting, referring to Fig. 7, back collimator 6 becomes by being arranged in parallel to middle convergent type, converges in same focus 7.The numbering of each probe unit of the numeral detector 5 among Fig. 7.Be symmetrical centre with the detector center, the probe unit numbering of left-right symmetric position is identical, and it is identical to number the corresponding square partition body deflection angle in identical expression relevant position.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, in order to increase the performance of back collimator, back collimator 6 comprises square partition body, the thickness of described square partition body is 0.01-0.1mm, and/or the height of described square partition is 10-14mm, and/or the length of described square partition body is 35-45mm.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, the spacing of adjacent described square partition body bottom centre is 0.5-1.0mm.There is slit between the adjacent described square partition body, its objective is to allow X-ray of coincidence imaging geometrical condition arrive detector by slit.
Because the machining accuracy of detector lattice can only be controlled usually in 30 μ m, through taking all factors into consideration, the design of back collimator is as follows: the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of square partition body is 0.07mm, height value is 12mm, length value is 40mm, and the spacing of adjacent square partition body bottom centre is 0.75mm.The deviation angle of each corresponding square partition body in probe unit outer end is as follows successively:
The deviation angle of each square partition body of table 1
Consider mismachining tolerance, the actual shifts angle after the processing of each square partition body can only be less than the numerical value in the table.
According to above-mentioned design parameter, though angle of scattering also can enter detector less than X-ray of 3 degree, but the angle of scattering distribution results that 80keV X-ray of EGS simulation passes behind the 20cm water mould shows (Fig. 8): angle of scattering is 0.42% smaller or equal to the percentage ratio that 3 X-rays of spending account for total scattering X-ray, can ignore.So above-mentioned back collimator design parameter can arrive the requirement of ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING photon.Abscissa among Fig. 8 " angle " expression angle, vertical coordinate is represented photon energy, the eV of unit.
The present invention also provides a kind of mobile CT scanner, comprises above-mentioned X ray colimated light system.X ray colimated light system of the present invention is used for mobile CT scanner, prevents that X ray is for the injury of human body.
In the various embodiments described above of the present invention, the sequence number of embodiment only is convenient to describe, and does not represent the quality of embodiment.Description to each embodiment all emphasizes particularly on different fields, and does not have the part of detailed description among certain embodiment, can be referring to the associated description of other embodiment.
In embodiment such as apparatus and method of the present invention, obviously, after can decomposing, make up and/or decompose, each parts or each step reconfigure.These decomposition and/or reconfigure and to be considered as equivalents of the present invention.Simultaneously, in the above in the description to the specific embodiment of the invention, can in one or more other embodiment, use in identical or similar mode at the feature that a kind of embodiment is described and/or illustrated, combined with the feature in other embodiment, or the feature in alternative other embodiment.
Should emphasize that term " comprises/comprise " existence that refers to feature, key element, step or assembly when this paper uses, but not get rid of the existence of one or more further feature, key element, step or assembly or additional.
It should be noted that at last: though above the present invention and the advantage thereof of having described in detail is to be understood that and can carries out various changes, alternative and conversion under the situation that does not exceed the spirit and scope of the present invention that limited by appended claim.And scope of the present invention is not limited only to the specific embodiment of the described process of description, equipment, means, method and step.The one of ordinary skilled in the art will readily appreciate that from disclosure of the present invention, can use according to the present invention and carry out and process, equipment, means, method or the step essentially identical function of corresponding embodiment described herein or acquisition result essentially identical with it, existing and that will be developed in the future.Therefore, appended claim is intended to comprise such process, equipment, means, method or step in their scope.
Claims (10)
1. an x-ray collimator is characterized in that, comprises square body, offers square slit on its length direction of described square body upper edge.
2. x-ray collimator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the material of described square body is tungsten alloy.
3. x-ray collimator according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the length in described slit is 65-75mm; And/or the width in described slit is 3-6mm; And/or the thickness of described square body is 2-4mm.
4. x-ray collimator according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the length in described slit is 70mm; And/or the width in described slit is 4mm; And/or the thickness of described square body is 3mm.
5. an X ray colimated light system is characterized in that, comprising: x-ray source, the X ray emitting light path of described x-ray source are provided with each described x-ray collimator as claim 1-4.
6. X ray colimated light system according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, also comprise detector and plural back collimator, be provided with described x-ray collimator, described back collimator and described detector on the X ray emitting light path of described x-ray source successively, described plural back collimator is arranged on the described detector in the mode of middle convergent type.
7. X ray colimated light system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described back collimator comprises square partition body, the thickness of described square partition body is 0.01-0.1mm, and/or, the height of described square partition is 10-14mm, and/or the length of described square partition body is 35-45mm.
8. X ray colimated light system according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the spacing of adjacent described square partition body bottom centre is 0.5-1.0mm.
9. X ray colimated light system according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, the thickness of described square partition body is 0.07mm, and/or, the height of described square partition is 12mm, and/or the length of described square partition body is 40mm, and/or the spacing of adjacent described square partition body bottom centre is 0.75mm.
10. a mobile CT scanner is characterized in that, comprises each described X ray colimated light system as claim 5-9.
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| CN201310152478.1A CN103330570B (en) | 2013-04-27 | 2013-04-27 | X-ray collimator, X ray colimated light system and mobile CT scanner |
| PCT/CN2013/076032 WO2014172937A1 (en) | 2013-04-27 | 2013-05-22 | X-ray collimator, x-ray collimation system, and movable ct scanner |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104754848A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-07-01 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | X-ray generating device and X-ray perspective imaging system having the device |
| CN104856714A (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2015-08-26 | 上海西门子医疗器械有限公司 | CT scanning parameter indication method and device and CT machine |
| WO2015131802A1 (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-09-11 | 清华大学 | Inspection device, method and system |
| CN105427355A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-03-23 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | Housing, method and apparatus for calculating scattering component of X-ray image, and method and apparatus for reconstructing X-ray image |
| CN111449672A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-07-28 | 北京师范大学 | X-ray parallel beam light source system and X-ray collimator |
| CN112730477A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-30 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | CT front collimator and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113229839A (en) * | 2021-05-29 | 2021-08-10 | 西北工业大学 | Linear collimator matched with linear array X-ray detector of bone densitometer |
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| CN103330570B (en) | 2016-06-08 |
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