CN103325122A - Pedestrian retrieval method based on bidirectional sequencing - Google Patents
Pedestrian retrieval method based on bidirectional sequencing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pedestrian retrieval method based on bidirectional sequencing, belonging to the technical field of monitoring video retrieval. According to the method, firstly, the initial sequencing of a people set to be tested is carried out through feature extraction and scale learning of a pedestrian object, then each row of people in the people set to be tested is reversely inquired, the bidirectional content similarity and neighbor similarity of pedestrian to be inquired and pedestrian to be tested are calculated, and finally each pedestrian to be tested in the people set is rearranged according to the bidirectional content similarity and the neighbor similarity. According to the method, a two-way matching idea is introduced, the pedestrian is rearranged through the content and neighbor similarities, a more accurate pedestrian retrieval result can be obtained, and the pedestrian appearance change caused by the environmental change is more robust.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to monitor video retrieval technique field, relate in particular to a kind of pedestrian's search method based on Bidirectional sort.
Background technology
Monitor video pedestrian retrieval is the technology of the specific pedestrian's object of coupling under the non-overlapping multi-cam of irradiation area.In the actual video investigation, the investigator is main to come quick lock in, investigation and tracking suspicion target according to moving frame and track with a group traveling together's object.The video investigative mode that Traditional Man is browsed need to expend a large amount of manpowers and time, easily affects adversely the opportunity of solving a case.The heavy recognition technology of pedestrian is convenient to the video investigator and is found quickly and accurately suspicion goal activities picture and track, and public security department is improved case-solving rate, safeguards that life property safety of people is significant.
Existing pedestrian's retrieval (claiming that again the pedestrian heavily identifies) method can be divided into two classes: first kind method is mainly constructed the visual signature of robust, and then the distance function of Application standard (such as Euclidean distance etc.) carries out similarity measurement.For example document 1(is referring to M.Farenzena, L.Bazzani, A.Perina, V.Murino, and M.Cristani, " Person re-identification by symmetry-driven accumulation of local features ", IEEE Conf.on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), PP.2360 – 2367,2010.) proposition is based on the heavily recognition methods of pedestrian of many local features couplings of symmetry division.At first, utilizing the color characteristic clue that health is carried out horizontal and vertical cuts apart; Secondly, extract multiple color feature and the textural characteristics of each cut zone, and the color characteristic and the textural characteristics that extract based on horizontal axis weighting obtain the comprehensive visual feature; At last, utilize above-mentioned comprehensive visual feature to carry out expression and the coupling of object.
The Equations of The Second Kind method without strict demand, is mainly carried out more accurately distance metric by learning a suitable yardstick for latent structure.For example document 2(is referring to M.Kostinger, M.Hirzer, P.Wohlhart, P.M.Roth, and H.Bischof, " Large scale metric learning from equivalence constraints ", in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), PP.2288-2295,2012.) difference vector of similar sample and the difference vector of different samples are expressed as different Gaussian distribution; Then, the ratio of employing probability is measured the distance between the sample; Finally, the ratio of Gaussian distribution is converted to the form of mahalanobis distance, thereby learn a suitable mahalanobis distance function.
It all is according to the distance of inquiring about pedestrian's object and all pedestrian's object macroscopic featuress to be measured collection to be measured to be sorted that above line people retrieves method.Yet under the actual video monitoring environment, the factors such as the visual angle of different cameras, illumination, aberration are different, cause often having significant difference with the macroscopic features of a group traveling together under multi-cam, thereby so that result for retrieval are inaccurate.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency for prior art exists the invention provides a kind of pedestrian's search method based on Bidirectional sort, and the method can promote the accuracy of mating with a group traveling together under the multi-cam.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of pedestrian's search method based on Bidirectional sort comprises step:
Step 1 is measured pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian to be measured and is collected G={g
i| i=1 ..., each pedestrian g to be measured among the n}
iSimilarity, obtain pedestrian to be measured and collect each pedestrian g to be measured among the G
iThe forward ranking results, obtain pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured according to the forward ranking results
iForward content similarity
N is that pedestrian to be measured collects pedestrian's quantity to be measured among the G;
Step 2 makes up pedestrian g to be measured
iPedestrian to be measured collection
Measure pedestrian g to be measured
iWith pedestrian's collection to be measured
In each pedestrian's similarity, obtain pedestrian's collection to be measured
In each pedestrian's sorting by reversals result, and obtain pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured according to the sorting by reversals result
iThe reverse content similarity
Step 3, the neighbour's collection and the neighbour far away that obtain pedestrian p to be checked according to the forward ranking results collect, and obtain pedestrian g to be measured according to the sorting by reversals result
iNeighbour collection and adjacent collection far away, based on pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iNeighbour collection and adjacent collection far away obtain pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iNeighbour's similarity, described neighbour's similarity comprises neighbour's similarity S
Near(p, g
i) and adjacent similarity S far away
Far(p, g
i);
Step 4 considers pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iForward content similarity
The reverse content similarity
With neighbour's similarity, pedestrian to be measured is collected each pedestrian g to be measured among the G
iRearrangement.
All measure similarity based on macroscopic features in above-mentioned steps one and the step 2.
Above-mentioned pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iForward content similarity
According to pedestrian g to be measured
iSequence number in the forward ranking results obtains.
Above-mentioned pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iThe reverse content similarity
Obtain according to the sequence number of pedestrian p to be checked in the sorting by reversals result.
The neighbour of above-mentioned pedestrian p to be checked collection is: in the forward ranking results with k pedestrian's to be measured of pedestrian p similarity minimum to be checked set n
k(p), wherein, k is value rule of thumb.
The far away adjacent collection of above-mentioned pedestrian p to be checked is: in the forward ranking results with k' pedestrian's to be measured of pedestrian p similarity maximum to be checked set n
K'(p), wherein, k' is value rule of thumb.
Above-mentioned pedestrian g to be measured
iNeighbour collection be: among the sorting by reversals result with pedestrian g to be measured
iThe k of similarity minimum pedestrian's to be measured set n
k(g
i), wherein, k is value rule of thumb.
Above-mentioned pedestrian g to be measured
iFar away adjacent collection be: among the sorting by reversals result with pedestrian g to be measured
iThe k' of similarity maximum pedestrian's to be measured set n
K'(g
i), wherein, k' is value rule of thumb.
Above-mentioned pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iNeighbour's similarity S
Near(p, g
i) collect n according to the neighbour of pedestrian p to be checked
k(p) and pedestrian g to be measured
iThe neighbour collect n
k(g
i) obtain, be specially n
k(p) and n
k(g
i) common factor in the number of element.
Above-mentioned pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iFar away adjacent similarity S
Far(p, g
i) collect n according to the neighbour far away of pedestrian p to be checked
K'(p) and pedestrian g to be measured
iFar away adjacent collection n
K'(g
i) obtain, be specially n
K'(p) and n
K'(g
i) common factor in the number of element.
A kind of embodiment of above-mentioned steps four is:
According to pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iForward content similarity
The reverse content similarity
Obtain comprehensive similarity S with neighbour's similarity
*(g
i), based on comprehensive similarity S
*(g
i) pedestrian to be measured is collected G={g
i| i=1 ..., each pedestrian g to be measured among the n}
iResequence described comprehensive similarity
Wherein, S
Near(p, g
i) and S
Far(p, g
i) be respectively pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iNeighbour's similarity and adjacent similarity far away,
With
Be respectively pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iForward content similarity and reverse content similarity, α is one and prevents that denominator from being 0 constant, 0≤α≤1.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
1) the present invention introduces the thought of bi-directional matching, resets pedestrian to be measured by content and neighbour's similarity, can obtain more accurately pedestrian's result for retrieval;
2) the present invention has not only considered the similarity in pedestrian's characteristics of objects space, has also considered the similarity in neighbour space, and the pedestrian's appearance that causes for environmental change changes more robust.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the inventive method process flow diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention is based on pedestrian's search method of Bidirectional sort, at first, the feature extraction by pedestrian's object and scale learning initially sort to pedestrian's collection to be measured; Then, Query pedestrian to be measured concentrates each pedestrian, and calculates pedestrian to be checked and pedestrian's to be measured two-way content similarity and neighbour's similarity; At last, reset pedestrian to be measured according to two-way content similarity and neighbour's similarity and concentrate each pedestrian to be measured.
Pedestrian p to be checked is pedestrian's object that camera A takes among the present invention, and pedestrian to be measured is pedestrian's object that camera B takes, and pedestrian's object that camera B takes consists of pedestrian's collection to be measured.The present invention is exactly pedestrian's object that to find with pedestrian p to be checked from pedestrian's object that camera B takes be same people.
Fig. 1 is the inventive method process flow diagram, below in conjunction with Fig. 1 the implementation of the inventive method is specified.
Following implementation adopts MATLAB7 as Simulation Experimental Platform, tests at pedestrian's retrieve data collection VIPeR commonly used.The VIPeR data set has 632 the pedestrian's images pair under two cameras, has the differences such as obvious visual angle, illumination between two cameras.Describe this implementation in detail below in conjunction with each step.
1, concentrates each pedestrian to be measured initially to sort to pedestrian to be measured, and obtain pedestrian to be checked and concentrated each pedestrian's to be measured of pedestrian to be measured forward content similarity.
1. feature extraction
Pedestrian to be checked is expressed as p, and pedestrian to be measured collects G={g
i| i=1 ..., n}, n are the sizes of pedestrian's collection to be measured, namely pedestrian to be measured concentrates element number.In this implementation, select at random among pedestrian's retrieve data collection VIPeR a half data to do sample training, second half does test, so, and n=316.
Pedestrian's image carries out piecemeal by the window of 8 * 16 pixels with 8 * 8 step-length, extracts color characteristic and textural characteristics on each piece.Color characteristic uses RGB color characteristic (wherein, R represents red, and G represents green, and B represents indigo plant) and HSV feature (wherein, H represents colourity, and S represents saturation degree, and V represents brightness), and every kind of mark sheet is shown as 24 dimensions.Textural characteristics uses the LBP(local binary patterns), be expressed as 59 dimensions.The feature of all pieces adds up and the PCA(principal component analysis (PCA)) to the macroscopic features of 400 Wesys in expression pedestrian object.
2. scale learning
Utilize step 1. in 1 feature extracting method represent training sample, then, by scale learning method study mahalanobis distance function.The scale learning method is generally carried out on the basis of mahalanobis distance, and the distance matrix metric that obtains according to sample training replaces the covariance matrix M in the mahalanobis distance.
Given two pedestrian's object images O
aAnd O
b, both distance D (O
a, O
b) be defined as:
D(O
a,O
b)=(O
a-O
b)
TM(O
a-O
b) (1)
Wherein, M is a semi-definite matrix, (O
a-O
b)
T(O
a-O
b) transposition.At minimum above-mentioned distance D (O
a, O
b) when finding the solution M, use random Gradient Descent to carry out Algorithm Learning.
3. initial forward ordering
Utilize the 2. distance metric function D (O of middle distance learning method acquisition of step
a, O
b) tolerance pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iSimilarity, calculate respectively pedestrian p to be checked and each pedestrian g to be measured
iApart from d (p, g
i).According to d (p, g
i) size pedestrian to be measured is collected each pedestrian g to be measured among the G
iSort, obtain initial forward ranking results tabulation
I pedestrian to be measured in the tabulation of forward ranking results, wherein,
Adopt score value S (p, g
1) expression pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iBetween forward content similarity, its value equals pedestrian g to be measured
iSequence number in the tabulation of forward ranking results.Score value S (p, g
1) write a Chinese character in simplified form into
2, obtain the reverse content similarity that pedestrian to be checked and pedestrian to be measured concentrate each pedestrian to be measured.
Pedestrian to be measured is collected pedestrian g to be measured among the G
iPedestrian's collection to be measured that structure is corresponding
Pedestrian's collection to be measured
Comprise that pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian to be measured collect among the G except g
iOuter pedestrian's object.
Utilize the 2. distance metric function D (O of middle distance learning method acquisition of step 1 substep
a, O
b) tolerance pedestrian g to be measured
iWith pedestrian's collection to be measured
In the similarity of each pedestrian's object, according to similarity from small to large, obtain pedestrian's collection to be measured
In sorting by reversals the results list of each pedestrian's object, and the sequence number of pedestrian p to be checked on sorting by reversals the results list represented pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iThe reverse content similarity, be designated as S (g
1, p), be abbreviated as
Obtain pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured in conjunction with forward content similarity and reverse content similarity
iContent similarity S
Cn(g
i):
3, obtain neighbour's similarity that pedestrian to be checked and pedestrian to be measured concentrate each pedestrian to be measured.
According to the forward ranking results tabulation that step 1 generates, get before the tabulation of forward ranking results the neighbour that k pedestrian to be measured consist of pedestrian p to be checked and collect n
k(p), get the far away adjacent collection n that rear k' the pedestrian to be measured of forward ranking results tabulation consists of pedestrian p to be checked
K '(p).
According to sorting by reversals the results list that step 2 generates, negate consists of pedestrian g to be measured to front k the pedestrian's object of ranking results tabulation
iThe neighbour collect n
k(g
i), negate consists of pedestrian g to be measured to rear k' the pedestrian's object of ranking results tabulation
iFar away adjacent collection n
K'(g
i).
K and k' be value rule of thumb, and in this implementation, the k value is preferably 20~40, k' span and is preferably 80~120.Make k=30, k'=100.Calculate pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iK neighbour space and the similarity between k' adjacent air space far away.Pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iNeighbour's similarity S
Near(p, g
i) be n
k(p) and n
k(g
i) common factor in the number of element, as follows:
S
near(p,g
i)=|n
k(p)∩n
k(g
i)| (3)
Pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iFar away adjacent similarity S
Far(p, g
i) be n
K'(p) and n
K'(g
i) common factor in the number of element, as follows:
S
far(p,g
i)=|n
k'(p)∩n
k'(g
i)| (4)
4, comprehensive pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iContent similarity and neighbour's similarity, pedestrian to be measured is collected each pedestrian g to be measured among the G
iRearrangement.
Comprehensive pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iContent similarity and neighbour's similarity obtain pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iFinal similarity S
*(g
i):
Wherein:
S
Cn(g
i) be used for describing pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iThe content similarity;
S
Cx(g
i) be used for describing pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iNeighbour's similarity;
α is one and prevents that denominator from being 0 constant, and 0≤α≤1 makes α=0.01 in this implementation.
According to final similarity S
*(g
i) size resets pedestrian to be measured and collect each pedestrian g to be measured among the G
i, final similarity S
*(g
i) less, the pedestrian g to be measured of its correspondence
iSort more forward.
Adopt CMC pedestrian to retrieve evaluation index and estimate the inventive method.The CMC value refers to return the probability that correct pedestrian's object is arranged among the front r result in N the inquiry.When returning front r as a result the time, the CMC value is higher, and expression pedestrian retrieval performance is better.Repeat the test process 10 times of this implementation, calculate the average CMC value that repeats for its 10 times, contrast mahalanobis distance scale learning and the average CMC value that reorders see Table 1.Can find from table 1, the pedestrian of the present invention heavily retrieval performance of recognition methods obviously is better than contrasting algorithm.
1,10,25,50 average CMC value as a result time the before table 1 returns respectively on VIPeR
Claims (7)
1. the pedestrian's search method based on Bidirectional sort is characterized in that, comprises step:
Step 1 is measured pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian to be measured and is collected G={g
i| i=1 ..., each pedestrian g to be measured among the n}
iSimilarity, obtain pedestrian to be measured and collect each pedestrian g to be measured among the G
iThe forward ranking results, obtain pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured according to the forward ranking results
iForward content similarity
N is that pedestrian to be measured collects pedestrian's quantity to be measured among the G;
Step 2 makes up pedestrian g to be measured
iPedestrian to be measured collection
Measure pedestrian g to be measured
iWith pedestrian's collection to be measured
In each pedestrian's similarity, obtain pedestrian's collection to be measured
In each pedestrian's sorting by reversals result, and obtain pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured according to the sorting by reversals result
iThe reverse content similarity
Step 3, the neighbour's collection and the neighbour far away that obtain pedestrian p to be checked according to the forward ranking results collect, and obtain pedestrian g to be measured according to the sorting by reversals result
iNeighbour collection and adjacent collection far away, based on pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iNeighbour collection and adjacent collection far away obtain pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iNeighbour's similarity, described neighbour's similarity comprises neighbour's similarity S
Near(p, g
i) and adjacent similarity S far away
Far(p, g
i);
Step 4 considers pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iForward content similarity
The reverse content similarity
With neighbour's similarity, pedestrian to be measured is collected each pedestrian g to be measured among the G
iRearrangement.
2. the pedestrian's search method based on Bidirectional sort as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
All measure similarity based on macroscopic features in step 1 and the step 2.
3. the pedestrian's search method based on Bidirectional sort as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
4. the pedestrian's search method based on Bidirectional sort as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
5. the pedestrian's search method based on Bidirectional sort as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
The neighbour of described pedestrian p to be checked collection is: in the forward ranking results with k pedestrian's to be measured of pedestrian p similarity minimum to be checked set n
k(p);
The far away adjacent collection of described pedestrian p to be checked is: in the forward ranking results with k' pedestrian's to be measured of pedestrian p similarity maximum to be checked set;
Described pedestrian g to be measured
iNeighbour collection be: among the sorting by reversals result with pedestrian g to be measured
iThe k of similarity minimum pedestrian's to be measured set n
k(g
i);
Described pedestrian g to be measured
iFar away adjacent collection be: among the sorting by reversals result with pedestrian g to be measured
iThe k' of similarity maximum pedestrian's to be measured set n
K'(g
i);
Above-mentioned k and k' are empirical value.
6. the pedestrian's search method based on Bidirectional sort as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iNeighbour's similarity S
Near(p, g
i) collect n according to the neighbour of pedestrian p to be checked
k(p) and pedestrian g to be measured
iThe neighbour collect n
k(g
i) obtain, be specially n
k(p) and n
k(g
i) common factor in the number of element;
Described pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iFar away adjacent similarity S
Far(p, g
i) collect n according to the neighbour far away of pedestrian p to be checked
K'(p) and pedestrian g to be measured
iFar away adjacent collection n
K'(g
i) obtain, be specially n
K'(p) and n
K'(g
i) common factor in the number of element.
7. the pedestrian's search method based on Bidirectional sort as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Step 4 is specially:
According to pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iForward content similarity
The reverse content similarity
Obtain comprehensive similarity S with neighbour's similarity
*(g
i), based on comprehensive similarity S
*(g
i) pedestrian to be measured is collected G={g
i| i=1 ..., each pedestrian g to be measured among the n}
iResequence described comprehensive similarity
Wherein, S
Near(p, g
i) and S
Far(p, g
i) be respectively pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iNeighbour's similarity and adjacent similarity far away,
With
Be respectively pedestrian p to be checked and pedestrian g to be measured
iForward content similarity and reverse content similarity, α is one and prevents that denominator from being 0 constant, 0≤α≤1.
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