CN103323947A - Head up display device based on laser holographic projection imaging - Google Patents

Head up display device based on laser holographic projection imaging Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103323947A
CN103323947A CN2012100721063A CN201210072106A CN103323947A CN 103323947 A CN103323947 A CN 103323947A CN 2012100721063 A CN2012100721063 A CN 2012100721063A CN 201210072106 A CN201210072106 A CN 201210072106A CN 103323947 A CN103323947 A CN 103323947A
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laser
hologram
image
head
modulation module
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陈泉泉
谈顺毅
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JIANGSU HUIGUANG ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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JIANGSU HUIGUANG ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a head up display device based on laser holographic projection imaging, and the head up display device based on laser holographic projection imaging belongs to the field of auxiliary display. The head up display device based on laser holographic projection imaging mainly comprises a light source system, an image processing system, a spatial light modulation module and an optical light path system. First, the image processing system receives to-be-displayed content through a data interface and transforms the content into a hologram form through a hologram conversion algorithm, or selects the to-be-displayed hologram stored in the system to perform simple arithmetic processing according to external inputted information, or directly outputs and displays on the spatial light modulation module; second, one (monochromatic) or a plurality of (chromatic) laser beams are emitted on the spatial light modulation module, and an original image is formed through diffraction in front of the spatial light modulation module; and last, the optical light path system is used for magnifying the imaged restored through diffraction to increase the field angle of the image. The head up display device based on laser holographic projection imaging can realize real-time dynamic adjustment of imaging distance, and the brightness of the displayed content can be changed in real time according to the ratio of the projection content area to the total projection area.

Description

A kind of head-up display based on the laser hologram projection imaging
Technical field
The present invention relates to the optical technologies such as line holographic projections, laser diffraction, particularly a kind ofly realize looking squarely the method and apparatus of demonstration based on laser hologram projection imaging technology.
Background technology
Head-up display (Head Up Display, HUD) refers to that the observer does not need to bow and just can see the assistant display device of the image information of needs.
The predecessor of head-up display is the optical foresight that uses on fighter plane, this alignment clamp utilizes the optical reflection principle, the aiming circle light net of ring-type is incident upon device at a sheet glass of passenger cabin front end or above the canopy, the image of projection is to fix on above the distance of infinity for the focal length of naked eyes, in the time of pilot's run-home, can not hamper the running of eyes, keep clearly demonstration.Look squarely display technique and at first be used in flight supplementary instrument on the aircraft, head-up display appears on the military aircraft the earliest, reduces the pilot and need to bow and check the frequency of instrument, avoids notice to interrupt.Because its convenience and can improve flight safety, civil aircraft also one after another follow-up install.
Motor vehicles are when running at high speed, particularly night is during high speed traveling, the driver may bow and watch instrument to show or watch the sound equipment of console or the demonstration such as navigation information, if the place ahead was met emergency condition and just might be caused because having little time to adopt an effective measure traffic hazard this moment.For avoiding this situation to occur, assembled vehicle-mounted head-up display in some high-end vehicle, it can be looked squarely the scene in the external world on the scope with the driver who is presented at for information about windshield glass, watch the instruments thereby avoid bowing, shorten eyeball to the vision dead zone time in the place ahead, improve the security of motor-driven vehicle going.
Most important in the head-up display is exactly projection display system, this system generally adopts laser or LED as light source, it can read the related data information of automobile or by bluetooth, mode and other peripheral electronic device communication information such as wireless, further pass through the optical system projection imaging to the windshield glass of automobile or on the vehicle front road, thereby demonstrate the HUD projection information.Wherein windshield need to utilize the methods such as dipping, wire mark to increase the semi-transparent semi-reflecting film of one deck usually.
The projected image image space of traditional head-up display is divided into two kinds: a kind of be with the image direct imaging on the front windshield of automobile, the driver just needs the eyes automatic focusing if need to see the HUD projection information that is presented on the front windshield clearly in driving procedure like this, if need to observe the road conditions of vehicle front just need eyes fast with Focussing to object at a distance, thereby make information blur-free imaging on retina of vehicle front; Another kind of way is to utilize optical system, make its Projection Display car engine cover or the vehicle front road on, the driver need not the eyes automatic focusing in observation vehicle front road like this, also can clearly see the HUD projection information.
Above-mentioned two kinds of ways all utilize the imaging of optical systems principle to realize, because the optical system structure that the image space difference adopts is totally different, especially the complexity of the latter's optical design is very high, and cost is also very expensive.But traditional head-up display projected image imaging imaging mode can only adopt one of above-mentioned two kinds of methods, in case and optical system structure determine, then image space can not arbitrarily be changed.
In addition, above-mentioned traditional head-up display imaging general using liquid crystal on silicon (Liquid Crystal on Silicon, LCOS), digital micromirror elements (Digital Micromirror Device, DMD) or special-purpose MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) (Micro Electrol Mechanical Systems, MEMS) add laser scanning (generally being a slice or two micro-reflectors that can overturn fast) and realize that image shows, then utilize optical system imaging to front windshield or a distance of front side.
For the method that adopts LCOS or DMD, because display area is fixed, in the certain situation of light-source brightness, the brightness value on the cellar area is the mean value of whole light-source brightness.If the projection imaging area is larger, the unit brightness value is less so.Because the HUD projection information generally is simple pattern and Word message, the shared whole Projection Display area of project content is about about 30% generally speaking, if picture material only accounts for 10% of whole picture disply area, its optics utilization ratio also only has 10% so, in other picture not the light of displaying contents part be blocked and wasted, for the brightness that increases displaying contents can only realize by increasing light-source brightness.
For adopting special-purpose MEMS to add the method for laser scanning, owing to pursuing picture element scan, the micro-reflector that adopts high-speed turnover realizes that image shows, so, there is inevitably the problem that produces the screen sudden strain of a muscle because refresh rate is not high.Because LASER Light Source is directly to beat on unique a slice micro-reflector, so very high to the heat radiation requirement of micro-reflector, this has just limited the brightness of LASER Light Source greatly.Because this micro-reflector is in the high-speed turnover process, and only has a slice always, to its reliability, stability has proposed very high requirement, in case go wrong, directly the laser of reflection might shine directly into human eye, thereby causes the human injury.
Summary of the invention
The present invention improve the light source utilization factor, and image space is adjustable, and a kind of head-up display based on the laser hologram projection imaging is provided in order to simplify the structure of optical beam path system.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention mainly comprises light-source system, image processing system (103), optical beam path system and spatial light modulation module (104) etc.
At first image processing module is transformed into the hologram form with content to be shown by the holography conversion algorithm in real time by the data-interface receive data; Perhaps by storing hologram to be shown in internal system in advance, show according to output after the single or multiple hologram simple calculations processing of the Information Selection of outside input and in the spatial light modulation module, and the light source driving circuit driving light source in the synchro control light-source system incides one (monochrome) or a plurality of (colour) laser on the spatial light modulation module, utilize holographic image-forming principle to restore original image, be exaggerated by optical beam path system reducing original image out again, and cast out after the field angle of increase image.
Light-source system comprises (monochrome) one-wavelength laser light source (101) with temporal coherence and spatial coherence or the driving circuit (102) of a plurality of (colour) LASER Light Source and respective sources, and this system provides the interface of Laser Modulation in the image processing system, Laser Driven.
As shown in Figure 2, image processing module is mainly finished the evaluation work of holography conversion algorithm.Mainly comprise following part: video/data interface, wireless/blue tooth interface, power supply unit, control interface, data memory interface, control selected cell, Holographic Algorithm unit, spatial light modulation module drive unit, Laser Driven/modulating unit.
Control interface unit mainly provides man-machine interface.Image processing module passes through video, the wireline interfaces such as data, or wireless, bluetooth, the infrared wave point that waits receives external data, select the data of certain or a plurality of interfaces to enter the Holographic Algorithm unit by a control selected cell, this processing unit can be certain special-purpose hardware device, field programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array for example, FPGA), digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), special IC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC) or CPU etc., common image or data are transformed into the formal output of hologram to spatial light modulation module drive unit, the spatial light modulation module of spatial light modulation module drive unit drives outside, and keep light source synchronous with it; The brightness regulated signal that the Holographic Algorithm unit can generate according to the content of image or data corresponding LASER Light Source in the process of carrying out hologram conversion is realized the adjusted in concert of light source and image information, namely regulate the brightness of corresponding light source according to the light and shade of rgb pixel in the image, thereby reach the purpose of light source dynamic adjustments.
Image processing module can also be stored hologram to be shown in advance by inside or external memory unit, internal storage unit can be RAM, FLASH etc. in inside or the external memory unit, the single or multiple hologram simple calculations of Information Selection according to the outside input are processed, and then output on the spatial light modulation module.
By holographic aberration correction and image-forming range, image-forming range can be used and realize after the holography conversion algorithm process adjustablely in real time, realized image focal length a long way off.
The optical beam path system comprises optical beam-expanding corrective system (105), prism system (106) and optical amplifier corrective system (107); This system is used for amplifying and proofreading and correct with laser beam expanding and correction and to the image output of modulation of source module.Be that directional light is used for shining optical modulator module with the Light source correction after expanding, and amplify the hologram of output with lens combination.
The spatial light modulation module: this module is used for display holography figure.Comprise display medium and polaroid, display medium wherein can adopt LCOS, DMD, hologram or grating array etc.If adopt LCOS, the devices such as DMD, the hologram that then shows on it can carry out high speed by control module and switch, thereby realize the output of dynamic video stream, the display medium of this moment just is equivalent to one and utilizes holographic hologram of taking pictures out, light and dark point just is equivalent to the grating of optics, then LASER Light Source is incided and just be equivalent to incide the egative film of taking pictures out by holography on the display medium, grating on it is so that the laser that incides on this hologram forms diffraction, image-forming principle according to holography, these light by diffraction reflect rear this hologram information that reduces in the place of distance vertical plane certain distance in the spatial light modulation module, obtain original image thereby its process is equivalent to do Fourier's inversion.
The image that is reduced into picture by head-up display enters human eye through the glass-reflected that possesses reflection function again, utilize the crystalline lens re-imaging of human eye to form visual image at retina, because reflection, this moment human eye perceives this be imaged on place, the outer the place ahead of glass.
The invention has the advantages that and use (monochrome) or a plurality of (colour) laser, when using a plurality of (colour) laser as light source, can realize the display effect of red, green, blue full color; Owing to adopting Holographic Algorithm that the form that original image forwards hologram to is restored original image information by laser diffraction again, so in the process that image is reduced out by diffraction, according to the principle of diffraction as can be known the luminous energy of incident will focus in theory on the content of demonstration, there is not content part not have optical diffraction wherein in the original image, thereby greatly improve the utilization factor to light source, so that display brightness is significantly increased with respect to traditional head-up display, for example picture material only accounts for 10% of display area, by holographic imaging, luminous energy all focuses on this displaying contents of 10% by the mode of diffraction, rather than mean value, the brightness of so theoretical imaging will be 10 times of traditional HUD, and brightness of image is improved significantly; In addition by holographic aberration correction and image-forming range, image-forming range can be used and realize after the algorithm process adjustablely in real time, and this scheme realizes image focal length effect a long way off, namely human eye perceives this be imaged on glass place, outer the place ahead rather than on glass; By Holographic Algorithm regulate light source and and focal length so that the optical beam path structure is comparatively simple, and overcome traditional optical projection system optical texture fixing after the problem that can't arbitrarily regulate of image-forming range; System accesses corresponding pre-stored treated hologram unit in the memory device internally according to external image or data content, carry out simple combined treatment by the Holographic Algorithm unit again, owing to calling prior treated hologram unit and doing again simple process, therefore the workload of hologram processing unit is less, speed is lower to the requirement of hardware.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is system construction drawing of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 is image processing system figure of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 3 is optical structure chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
For clear statement implementation process of the present invention, the below is take vehicle-mounted head-up display as example.
As shown in Figure 1, light source uses three kinds of monochromatic sources of red, green, blue, can obtain coloured image, and the spatial light modulation module is used three display medium LCOS.
Vehicle-mounted head-up display is accepted the relevant status information of automobile by communication interface, such as receiving car speed, direction, engine speed, oil mass, tire pressure etc. by vehicle-mounted interface; By accepting the relevant information of navigation, such as road ahead, speed limit, signal lamp etc. with the interface of navigator; Can also communicate by letter with portable equipment by wave point, accept relevant content to be shown, such as bluetooth, WIFI, infrared reception cell phone incoming call information etc.After receiving above-mentioned information and content, vehicle-mounted head-up display utilizes ASIC, above-mentioned information exchange is crossed the holography conversion algorithm convert corresponding hologram to, and hologram is transferred on the spatial light modulation module shows, perhaps by in advance at internal system storage hologram to be shown (26 English alphabets for example, the figure that some are commonly used, the information such as sign), then output on the spatial light modulation module after processing according to the single or multiple hologram simple calculations of Information Selection of outside input, this moment, above-mentioned display medium just was equivalent to a hologram that utilizes holography to take pictures out, light and dark point just is equivalent to the grating of optics, this moment LASER Light Source is incided and just be equivalent to incide the egative film of taking pictures out by holography on the spatial light modulation module, grating on it is so that the laser that incides on this hologram forms diffraction, image-forming principle according to holography, these light by diffraction after the reflection of spatial light modulation module in the place of distance vertical plane certain distance with former this holographic information, obtain original image thereby its process is equivalent to do Fourier's inversion.According to before the spatial light modulation module, being provided with the optical beam path system, this optical beam path system finishes the amplification of image and the expansion at visual angle, original image incident directional light correcting system is corrected the rear prism system and is refracted to optical amplification system, be transferred to catoptron after by optical amplifier image being amplified, to windshield, form original image by mirror reflects.
The image that forms by laser diffraction is imaged on metric space optical modulator module infinite point in theory, and actual (for example 10 meters or 20 meters, this value is determined by the holography conversion algorithm) just can blur-free imaging after surpassing certain distance.
Wherein the display medium in the spatial light modulation module also can adopt DMD etc.
Wherein the Holographic Algorithm unit also can adopt FPGA, DSP or CPU etc.
The shield glass reflection of above-mentioned imaging through possessing reflection function enters human eye, visually feels to be imaged on the outer road ahead of shield glass.
Embodiment two
As shown in Figure 3, the spatial light modulation module realizes red with a slice display medium LCOS, green, the demonstration of Lan Sanse, at this moment in image processing and light-source control system, increase the time-shared switch function, so that red, green, the hologram timesharing of Lan Sanse shows by display medium, diffraction out, light source uses red, green, three kinds of one-wavelength lasers of basket, light source to expand to proofread and correct and the zooming correction module is made of lens 1,2,3,4,5, lens 1,2,3 are the Light source correction lens, make respective sources be converted to plane wave by nonplanar wave.Lens 4,5 consist of reverse telescope configuration, are used for amplifying the hologram of spatial light modulation module output.Can realize the phase-modulation to light behind the spatial light modulation module use LCOS adding polaroid.Control module is used DSP, realizes the common image real-time synchronization that will input is converted to the function of hologram image, and the output of synchronous light source and hologram image.This application with respect to 3 display mediums under the condition of equal light source the brightness meeting all reduce, but simultaneously the requirement of optical system is also reduced, it is more simple that the design of optical system and structure also become,
Wherein the display medium in the spatial light modulation module also can adopt digital micromirror elements DMD etc.
Above-described embodiment does not limit the present invention in any way, and every employing is equal to replaces or technical scheme that the mode of equivalent transformation obtains all drops in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. the head-up display based on the laser hologram projection imaging is characterized in that: mainly comprise light-source system, image processing system (103), optical beam path system and spatial light modulation module (104); Image processing module is transformed into the hologram form with content to be shown by the holography conversion algorithm in real time by the data-interface receive data; Perhaps in advance at internal system storage hologram to be shown, show according to output after the single or multiple hologram simple calculations processing of the Information Selection of outside input and in the spatial light modulation module, and the light source driving circuit driving light source in the control light-source system incides one (monochrome) or a plurality of (colour) laser on the spatial light modulation module, utilizes holographic image-forming principle to restore original image.
2. the head-up display based on the laser hologram projection imaging according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: light-source system comprises the driving circuit (102) of (monochrome) LASER Light Source (101) or a plurality of (colour) LASER Light Source and respective sources, and the interface of Laser Modulation in the image processing system, Laser Driven is provided.
3. the head-up display based on the laser hologram projection imaging according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: image processing module mainly comprises the video/data interface, wireless/blue tooth interface, power supply unit, control interface, data memory interface, the control selected cell, the Holographic Algorithm unit, spatial light modulation module drive unit, Laser Driven/modulating unit, image processing system is communicated by letter with outside data communication interface, content to be shown is changed in real time the form of hologram by the holography conversion algorithm, then output on the spatial light modulation module (104).
4. according to claim 1 or 3 described head-up displays based on the laser hologram projection imaging, it is characterized in that: image processing module comprises inside or external memory unit, store in advance hologram to be shown, the single or multiple hologram simple calculations of Information Selection according to the outside input are processed, and then output on the spatial light modulation module.
5. according to claim 1 or 3 described head-up displays based on the laser hologram projection imaging, it is characterized in that: the spatial light modulation module drive unit drives spatial light modulation module in the image processing system, and keep light source synchronous with it.
6. according to claim 1 or 3 described head-up displays based on the laser hologram projection imaging, it is characterized in that: the Holographic Algorithm unit is in the process of carrying out the hologram conversion, can generate according to the content of image or data the brightness regulated signal of corresponding LASER Light Source, thereby realize the synchronous light-source brightness dynamic adjustments of carrying out of light source and image information.
7. according to claim 1 or 3 described head-up displays based on the laser hologram projection imaging, it is characterized in that: by Holographic Algorithm unit aberration correction and image-forming range, the holography conversion algorithm can be regulated image-forming range in real time, so that image focal length a long way off.
8. the head-up display based on the laser hologram projection imaging according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the optical beam path system comprises optical beam-expanding corrective system (105), prism system (106) and optical amplifier corrective system (107); Amplify and proofread and correct with laser beam expanding and correction and to the image output of modulation of source module, be that directional light is used for shining optical modulator module with the Light source correction after expanding, and amplify the hologram of output with the optical amplifier corrective system.
9. the head-up display based on the laser hologram projection imaging according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the spatial light modulation module is used for display holography figure, comprise display medium and polaroid, image-forming principle according to holography, the laser that incides on this hologram forms diffraction, restores original image.
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Application publication date: 20130925