CN103317442A - Tool grinding accuracy control method and control system thereof - Google Patents
Tool grinding accuracy control method and control system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103317442A CN103317442A CN2012100774427A CN201210077442A CN103317442A CN 103317442 A CN103317442 A CN 103317442A CN 2012100774427 A CN2012100774427 A CN 2012100774427A CN 201210077442 A CN201210077442 A CN 201210077442A CN 103317442 A CN103317442 A CN 103317442A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tool grinding accuracy control method. The method comprises the steps as follows: a swing period of a grinding wheel is divided into n equal sections; the stopping speed of each section is amended and enabled to accord with sine linear variation, and/or the distance increment of the grinding wheel is amended and enabled to accord with cosine linear variation. A large swing period of the grinding wheel is divided into a plurality of small sections and the sections are amended, so that the speed or the distance increment of each section accord with theoretical linear variation, the speeds of the whole swing accord with the cosine linear variation, the distance increments accord with the cosine linear variation, and the grinding accuracy is improved. The invention further discloses a control system for implementing the method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of precision regulation method and control system thereof, thus especially a kind of tool grinding accuracy control method and control system thereof of controlling emery wheel swing realization high-accuracy grinding cutting knife tool by the control servomotor.
Background technology
On the metal removal lathe, with emery wheel (such as skive or the CBN emery wheel) material (such as polycrystalline diamond PCD or carbide alloy) that the grinding hardness ratio is higher, emery wheel can produce significantly wearing and tearing, form irregular groove, these irregular grooves will be reflected on the grinding skin with the form of error.Therefore, require emery wheel to do well-regulated swing in technique, make emery wheel uniform wear on ring width.This swing mechanism is used on the cutter sharpener in large quantities, and wherein with the indexable insert tip, throw away tip grinding machine, circumference of blade grinding machine and diamond tool grinding machine are more outstanding.The wobble accuracy of emery wheel directly affects the grinding accuracy of cutter.
The swing of emery wheel is with certain reciprocating motion of some center in the certain amplitude scope, can be abstracted into the projection of point on horizontal line that a bit moves in a circle around certain.The velocity variations that the desirable molded line that swings should meet swing is sine curve, and distance increment meets the curve of cosine, and this swing is called sinusoidal pendulum, and the below is as follows to this sinusoidal pendulum labor:
Accurate oscillating motion, key are two problems of solution speed and distance, and speed distance and time associate these two functions again.Swing is a variable motion, and still, we regard swing as the projection of circular motion on X-axis, referring to Fig. 1.
Known: the amplitude L of swing, be T second hunting period, then:
Frequency be 60/T (beats/min)
Angular velocity omega=2 π * 60/T (radian/minute)
A, speed
Linear velocity: υ=L/2 * ω
＝L/2×2π×60/T＝60πL/T
The component of linear velocity on directions X:
υ(x)＝υ×sinβ
＝60πL/T×sinβ＝A×sinβ
Wherein: A=60 π L/T
B, distance
2 π (being whole circumference) are divided into n equal portions (seeing Fig. 2), and wherein every portion is
Its corresponding arc length is: and b=(π * L)/n
Because the chord length AB ≈ b of every portion, then AB=(π * L)/n, the component of length A B on directions X:
AB(x)＝(π×L)/n×cosγ＝B×cosγ
Therefore: AB (x)=B * cos γ
B=(π * L)/n wherein;
(i is: 1,2......n)
B, speed and distance are comprehensive
See Fig. 3, motor point speed in the horizontal direction is:
Motor point distance in the horizontal direction:
D, discretization
I is: 1,2......n
Above-mentioned relation sees table 1 for details
Table 1
Sinusoidal pendulum can avoid workbench in surpassed distance (override) (on Digit Control Machine Tool, refer to the moving component of lathe because motional inertia is broken through the extreme position of stroke, make motion generation error or the go control) phenomenon on border effectively; The speed of intermediate point is maximum, acceleration is zero, here be the place of emery wheel and workpiece contact probability maximum, can reach maximum grinding efficiency (grinding linear velocity) and stationarity (directly affecting roughness), the machining accuracy of more approaching sinusoidal pendulum lathe is higher, and is higher such as the grinding accuracy of grinding attachment.
At present, the method that is widely used in the realization swing in machining and machining equipment field mainly is that machinery swings: three phase electric machine decelerates to below 80 rev/mins through mechanical gear, through crankshaft connecting rod system circular motion is converted into mechanical wobble drive emery wheel again and swings.Because there is rigging error in frame for movement, also there is error in machine driving, and the mechanical part wearing and tearing produce the in time error of accumulation, and these error synthesis get up to make mechanical movement to produce inevitably vibration, emery wheel is swung produce vibration, have a strong impact on grinding accuracy.In addition, the crankshaft rod structure transmission exists the transmission dead point, the existence of the driving error that causes owing to mechanical fit-up gap, and these two dead points are unstable, become the root of vibration, also affect the grinding accuracy of emery wheel.To sum up, machine driving has driving error and unstability, and machining accuracy is not high.
The device that swings by Numeric Control Technology control emery wheel is also arranged now, but the rate curve of this controlled motion point is trapezoidal, the velocity amplitude that system all produces less than sine swing at the velocity amplitude of each period, can cause surpassed distance and the pause of workbench, greatly reduce processing (such as the grinding) precision of lathe.
In view of this, special proposition the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and first purpose of the present invention provides a kind of tool grinding accuracy control method that can improve the tool grinding precision.
Second purpose of the present invention provides a kind of tool grinding accuracy control system.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts the basic conception of technical scheme to be:
A kind of tool grinding accuracy control method, the method are to be divided into the n five equilibrium hunting period with emery wheel, and the termination speed of revising each section makes it meet sinusoidal linear change, and/or the distance increment of revising emery wheel makes it meet the linear change of cosine.
Preferably, adopt termination speed or the distance increment of each section of linear interpolation correction.
Preferably, n is 4 integral multiple.
Preferably, described n five equilibrium is divided according to pendulum angle.
Preferably, described method of adjustment is specially:
S1: when the emery wheel starting velocity is zero, counter zero setting;
S2: judge that current counter is whether less than the isodisperse n of a hunting period;
S3: work as counting, device is revised emery wheel and is stopped speed or distance increment during less than n, enters S5;
S4: when counter during more than or equal to n, counter zero setting enters S1;
S5: the termination speed of emery wheel is assigned to starting velocity, and counter adds 1, enter S2.
A kind of tool grinding accuracy control system comprises
Counting unit is used for the mark that the metering emery wheel moves;
The speed amending unit is for the termination speed of revising every section on emery wheel;
And/or the distance correction unit, for the distance increment of revising every section on emery wheel.
Preferably, described speed amending unit comprises:
Frequency increases the unit, is used for the hunting frequency that control increases emery wheel; With
Frequency reduces the unit, is used for the hunting frequency that control reduces emery wheel.
Preferably, described distance correction unit comprises:
Amplitude increases the unit, is used for the amplitude of fluctuation that control increases emery wheel; With
Amplitude reduces the unit, is used for the amplitude of fluctuation that control reduces emery wheel.
After adopting technique scheme, the present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect: emery wheel is divided into a plurality of segment segmentation corrections a large hunting period, make speed or the distance increment of each section all meet the theory shaped wire variation, thereby the speed that realizes whole swing all meets sinusoidal linear change, and distance increment all meets the linear change of cosine and improves grinding accuracy.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the velocity analysis figure of sinusoidal pendulum;
Fig. 2 is the distance analysis figure of sinusoidal pendulum;
Fig. 3 is speed and the position curve figure of sinusoidal pendulum;
Fig. 4 is particular flow sheet of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the block diagram of control system the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the block diagram of the second embodiment of control system of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the block diagram of the third embodiment of control system of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the block diagram of the 4th kind of embodiment of this bright control system;
Fig. 9 is the block diagram of the 5th kind of embodiment of this bright control system.
The specific embodiment
The present invention relates to a kind of tool grinding emery wheel and swing modification method, thereby the method mainly is the technical scheme that swings for by servomotor control ball-screw control emery wheel, the method is to be divided into the n five equilibrium hunting period with emery wheel, and the termination speed of revising each section makes it meet sinusoidal linear change, and/or the distance increment of revising emery wheel makes it meet the linear change of cosine.
Distance increment refers to that the motor point is at the range difference of the final position of the final position of next section and the preceding paragraph.
Emery wheel is divided into a plurality of segment segmentation corrections a large hunting period, make speed or the distance increment of each section all meet the theory shaped wire variation, thereby the speed that realizes whole swing all meets sinusoidal linear change, and distance increment all meets the linear change of cosine and improves grinding accuracy.
Preferably, the present invention adopts termination speed or the distance increment of each section of linear interpolation correction.
For the precision that makes adjustment is high, n should try one's best greatly, and n preferably gets 4 integral multiple, such as 40,80 etc.N is larger, and rate curve is more near sine curve, and distance Curve is more near cosine curve, and machining accuracy is higher.
See Fig. 4, above-mentioned modification method concrete steps are:
When the emery wheel starting velocity is zero, counter i zero setting (i=0), speed is zero step S1, during the peak that namely swings as starting point;
Judge that current counter i is whether less than the step S2 of the isodisperse n of a hunting period;
Work as counting, device i revises emery wheel and stops speed or distance increment during less than n, enters the step S3 of step S5;
As counter i during more than or equal to n, finish a hunting period, restarts counting, and counter i zero setting enters step S1, repeats the step S4 of next cycle;
The termination speed of emery wheel is assigned to starting velocity, and counter i adds 1, enter the step S5 of step S2.
By above-mentioned steps segmentation erection rate and distance increment within each hunting period, realize that at last the swing of whole process medium plain emery wheel all meets sinusoidal pendulum, improved grinding accuracy.
The invention still further relates to a kind of tool grinding accuracy control system, this system controls emery wheel by the control servomotor and swings.With reference to Fig. 5, be the block diagram of the first embodiment of native system, this system comprises
Counting unit 101 is used for the mark that the metering emery wheel moves; With
The present embodiment is to revise the speed that emery wheel swings by adjusting servomotor 104, makes its speed meet sinusoidal linearity curve, thereby improves machining accuracy.
With reference to Fig. 6, be the block diagram of the second embodiment of native system, this system comprises
Counting unit 101 is used for the mark that the metering emery wheel moves; With
The present embodiment is to revise the amplitude that emery wheel swings by adjusting servomotor 104, makes the distance increment of its swing meet cosine curve, thereby improves machining accuracy.
With reference to Fig. 7, be the block diagram of the third embodiment of native system, this system comprises
Counting unit 101 is used for the mark that the metering emery wheel moves;
The present embodiment is not only to revise the speed of emery wheel swing but also revise amplitude by adjusting servomotor 104, makes its swing meet sinusoidal pendulum, thereby improves machining accuracy, and the method is insured more than above-mentioned two kinds of embodiment.
For the first of said system and the preferred version of the third embodiment, described speed amending unit 102 comprises:
Frequency increases unit 1021, is used for the hunting frequency that control increases emery wheel; With
Frequency reduces unit 1022, is used for the hunting frequency that control reduces emery wheel.
When the swing speed of emery wheel was higher than theoretical value (the namely value on corresponding time of sinusoidal pendulum or the angle), control reduced the hunting frequency of emery wheel, makes its reduction of speed, otherwise, make its acceleration.Fig. 8 is exactly the block diagram for the improved a kind of specific embodiment of the third embodiment speed amending unit of native system, as the 4th kind of embodiment of system of the present invention, for the block diagram omission of the first embodiment.
For the second of said system and the preferred version of the third embodiment, described distance correction unit comprises:
Amplitude increases unit 1031, is used for the amplitude of fluctuation that control increases emery wheel; With
Amplitude reduces unit 1032, is used for the amplitude of fluctuation that control reduces emery wheel.Fig. 9 is exactly the block diagram for the third improved a kind of specific embodiment in embodiment distance correction unit of native system, as the 5th kind of embodiment of system of the present invention, for the block diagram omission of the second embodiment.
When the distance increment of emery wheel during greater than theoretical increment (the namely change in location of sinusoidal pendulum), control reduces the amplitude of fluctuation of emery wheel, otherwise, strengthen its amplitude of fluctuation.
Said method mainly is for the control device that is swung by servomotor control emery wheel and system, the main body control of the hardware configuration of this device partly is servomotor, the servomotor output shaft connects ball-screw, ball-screw connects emery wheel, regulate the swing of emery wheel by regulating servomotor, such as frequency change or the amplitude of oscillation.
The electronic control part of this device mainly comprises industrial computer, single-chip microcomputer, Programmable Logic Controller etc.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. tool grinding accuracy control method, it is characterized in that: the method is to be divided into the n five equilibrium hunting period with emery wheel, and the termination speed of revising each section makes it meet sinusoidal linear change, and/or the distance increment of revising emery wheel makes it meet the linear change of cosine.
2. tool grinding accuracy control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the termination speed or the distance increment that adopt each section of linear interpolation correction.
3. tool grinding accuracy control method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: n is 4 integral multiple.
4. tool grinding accuracy control method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described n five equilibrium is divided according to pendulum angle.
5. each described tool grinding accuracy control method according to claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described method of adjustment is specially:
S1: when the emery wheel starting velocity is zero, counter zero setting;
S2: judge that current counter is whether less than the isodisperse n of a hunting period;
S3: work as counting, device is revised emery wheel and is stopped speed or distance increment during less than n, enters S5;
S4: when counter during more than or equal to n, counter zero setting enters S1;
S5: the termination speed of emery wheel is assigned to starting velocity, and counter adds 1, enter S2.
6. a tool grinding accuracy control system is characterized in that: comprise
Counting unit is used for the mark that the metering emery wheel moves;
The speed amending unit is for the termination speed of revising every section on emery wheel;
And/or the distance correction unit, for the distance increment of revising every section on emery wheel.
7. tool grinding accuracy control system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described speed amending unit comprises:
Frequency increases the unit, is used for the hunting frequency that control increases emery wheel; With
Frequency reduces the unit, is used for the hunting frequency that control reduces emery wheel.
8. tool grinding accuracy control system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described distance correction unit comprises:
Amplitude increases the unit, is used for the amplitude of fluctuation that control increases emery wheel; With
Amplitude reduces the unit, is used for the amplitude of fluctuation that control reduces emery wheel.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106914796A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-07-04 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Main shaft compound motion control method and main shaft control system of composite motion |
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| WO2006128391A1 (en) * | 2005-05-25 | 2006-12-07 | Albert Schlegel | Method and device for optimizing the operating speed |
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| CN102198632A (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2011-09-28 | 上海大学 | Speed control method of cam tangential point tracking grinding |
| CN102262398A (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2011-11-30 | 发那科株式会社 | Numerical controller having oscillating operation function capable of changing speed in optional section |
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| CN1821909A (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2006-08-23 | 发那科株式会社 | Servo control device and method of adjusting servo system |
| WO2006128391A1 (en) * | 2005-05-25 | 2006-12-07 | Albert Schlegel | Method and device for optimizing the operating speed |
| US7706920B2 (en) * | 2007-09-19 | 2010-04-27 | Disney Enterprises, Inc. | Smooth clipping of data streams |
| CN102262398A (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2011-11-30 | 发那科株式会社 | Numerical controller having oscillating operation function capable of changing speed in optional section |
| CN102198632A (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2011-09-28 | 上海大学 | Speed control method of cam tangential point tracking grinding |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106914796A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-07-04 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Main shaft compound motion control method and main shaft control system of composite motion |
| CN106914796B (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2019-01-08 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Main shaft compound motion control method and main shaft control system of composite motion |
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Effective date of registration: 20180424 Address after: 330600 three Xianglun Avenue, xiangtian Industrial Park, Jing'an County, Yichun, Jiangxi Patentee after: Jiangxi riding Grinding Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 100085 brilliant international 1-1202 room 1, ten Street, Haidian District, Beijing. Patentee before: Beijing Demina Precision Machinery Co., Ltd. |