CN103311544B - A kind of preparation method of nanometer olivine-type anode material for lithium-ion batteries - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of nanometer olivine-type anode material for lithium-ion batteries Download PDFInfo
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- CN103311544B CN103311544B CN201310176931.2A CN201310176931A CN103311544B CN 103311544 B CN103311544 B CN 103311544B CN 201310176931 A CN201310176931 A CN 201310176931A CN 103311544 B CN103311544 B CN 103311544B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of preparation method of nanometer olivine-type anode material for lithium-ion batteries.Elder generation is stock dispersion or dissolve in a solvent; Raw material packet contains containing lithium metal compounds, containing the compound of nonmetal Y and the compound of containing metal M; It is one or more in the compound of CxHyOmNnSz that solvent at least comprises containing general formula, and wherein x, y, z, m and n are respectively integer number, x >=2, y >=2,6 >=m >=0,6 >=n >=0,6 >=z >=0; The material solution obtained by the first step again, carries out synthetic reaction at certain dicyandiamide solution and obtains presoma; Then presoma is carried out pyrolytic reaction, final acquisition nanometer olivine-type anode material for lithium-ion batteries.The present invention can synthesize uniform carbon clad nano grade particles, has height ratio capacity, high rate capability and good circulation stability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field prepared by energy and material, particularly the preparation method of nanometer olivine-type anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Background technology
In the society in modern times, due to the day by day exhaustion of fossil energy, it is that the main energy relies on that people will break away from coal, oil, natural gas gradually, develops the new forms of energy of solar energy, wind energy and nuclear energy etc. gradually.Along with the development of demographic and economic, increasing to the demand of the energy, increasing portable electric appts, such as mobile phone, camera and notebook computer etc., large and light small-sized of all little to volume, capacity can have increasing demand by the discharge and recharge energy.Lithium ion battery progressively becomes the energy medium of a new generation with advantages such as the cyclical stability of its excellence, high-energy-density, memory-less effects, and simultaneously, lithium ion battery technology is also in development at full speed.Particularly olivine-type lithium ion anode material is since report in 1997, except the general advantage possessing lithium ion battery, also possesses the advantage of excellent stability, fail safe and low cost, becomes the LiCoO that continues
2, LiMn
2o
4the another focus of people afterwards.As the energy and material of a new generation, olivine-type positive electrode is also expected in electric automobile, space flight and military field extensive use.
But olivine-type positive electrode itself also exists certain deficiency, such as ion-electron conductivity is extremely low, improves its electric conductivity and the lithium ion migration rate at material internal and interface so mainly concentrate on the research of olivine-type positive electrode at present.Through the continuous effort of researcher, improving olivine-type positive electrode Performance comparision effective method at present has: 1) the coated one deck conductive materials (being mainly carbon, conducting polymer etc.) of material surface; 2) reduce the granular size of material, carry out the nanometer of material; 3) some other metal ions are adulterated (as Zr
4+, Ti
4+, Nb
5+, Mg
2+deng) to improve the conductance of material.In addition, the method for synthesizing olivine type positive electrode mainly also concentrates on traditional solid phase method and it is improved one's methods, disclosed method such as such as Chinese patent literature CN101913588B, CN100537419C, CN100502103C, CN1767238 etc.Except solid phase synthesis process, people there have been developed the methods such as collosol and gel, Hydrothermal Synthesis, solvent heat, co-precipitation.Said method is all aqueous synthesis method, and they exist some problems, such as, effectively can not control the uniformity of material in building-up process, effectively can not reduce the particle diameter of primary particle and be difficult to reach thin and uniform carbon is coated.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for olivine-type positive electrode ion and the low problem of electron conductivity, a kind of preparation method of nanometer olivine-type anode material for lithium-ion batteries is provided, to synthesize uniform carbon clad nano grade particles, and there is height ratio capacity, high rate capability and good circulation stability.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose, solution of the present invention is:
A preparation method for nanometer olivine-type anode material for lithium-ion batteries, its step is as follows:
The first step, elder generation is stock dispersion or dissolve in a solvent; Raw material packet contains containing lithium metal compounds, containing the compound of nonmetal Y and the compound of containing metal M, nonmetal Y is phosphorus or silicon, and metal M is transition metal from periodic table of elements the first row or transition metal mixture; It is one or more in the compound of CxHyOmNnSz that solvent at least comprises containing general formula, and wherein x, y, z, m and n are respectively integer number, x >=2, y >=2,6 >=m >=0,6 >=n >=0,6 >=z >=0;
Second step, the material solution obtained by the first step, carries out synthetic reaction at certain dicyandiamide solution and obtains presoma;
3rd step, carries out pyrolytic reaction by presoma, final acquisition nanometer olivine-type anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Described is that lithia, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, lithium acetate, lithium carbonate, lithium dihydrogen phosphate, lithium oxalate and lithium chloride etc. are containing one or more in the compound of lithium metal containing lithium metal compounds.
The described compound containing nonmetal Y is phosphorus raw material, is one or more in phosphoric acid, ammonium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, lithium dihydrogen phosphate and phosphoric acid hydrogen two lithium; The described compound containing nonmetal Y is silicon raw material, is one or more in silicon dioxide, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), tetraethoxysilane and sodium metasilicate.
Described solvent also comprises ethanol, cyclohexane, isopropyl alcohol, glycerol, butanols and N, one or more in N-METHYLFORMAMIDE.
Described synthetic reaction and pyrolytic reaction are carried out under reproducibility or neutral atmosphere.
Described reducing atmosphere refer to containing hydrogen or hydrogen can be produced under synthesis condition, containing ammonia or can produce ammonia under synthesis condition, can produce carbon monoxide containing carbon monoxide or under synthesis condition, these gases are used alone or used in combination or used in combination with neutral gas.
Described neutral atmosphere is nitrogen or argon gas or carbon dioxide.
Temperature≤300 ° the C of described synthetic reaction.
The temperature of described pyrolytic reaction is 400 ~ 950 ° of C.
Described raw material also comprise the compound of containing metal M ', metal M ' be one or more of the element of Mg, Al, Nb and other nonmetal M, wherein metal M ' and mol ratio≤20% of metal M.
Described second step, adds auxiliary agent in synthesis, and auxiliary agent comprises antioxidant and surfactant; Antioxidant is one or more in aniline, ascorbic acid, citric acid, phenol, benzenediol, tocopherol, Butylated Hydroxytoluene, SODIUM ASCORBATE and calcium salt; Described surface-active agent is dodecyl sodium sulfate, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, softex kw, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), P123, Brij series, TWEEN Series, Span series etc. play the acid of surface-active action, alcohol, amine, ether and block copolymer etc.
After adopting such scheme, the present invention has the following advantages:
One, the inventive method is simple, and easy and simple to handle, temperature is low, and reprocessing is simple, and equipment requirement is simple, moderate cost, is applicable to large-scale production;
Two, stability of material is good, novel structure, effectively can improve ion and the electron conductivity of material;
Three, adopt the inventive method synthesizing olivine type positive electrode, particle diameter is little, and be nano-scale particle, carbon is evenly coated, and capacity is high, and under high magnification excellent performance, cyclical stability is good;
Four, the synthesis that method of the present invention can not only be applied in olivine-type positive electrode uses, all can use in the preparation of other electrode material.
The present invention forms micrometer structure particle in the assembling of non-aqueous system synthesis of nano particle, the Nano Particle of synthetic material is effectively controlled by the method for oil phase, and utilize the organic substance (solvent) being adsorbed on synthesized nano particle to be carbon source, the carbon utilizing the organic matter layer of adsorption to decompose in heat treatment process effectively prevents the growth of particle.Synthesis can be had to be less than the particle of 50 nanometers by the method, and form homogeneous thin carbon layer at particle surface, assembling simultaneously forms micron order secondary structure.By the nano material that the method for this nonaqueous phase is synthesized, effectively solve olivine-type positive electrode ionic conductance and the low problem of conductance.Can be obtained the electrode material of high power capacity and high rate capability by method of the present invention, this material also has excellent cryogenic property simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is LiFePO prepared by the present invention
4scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph;
Fig. 2 be with the inventive method prepare at LiFePO
4charging and discharging curve under 0.5C.
Fig. 3 be with the inventive method prepare at LiMnPO
4charging and discharging curve under 0.5C.
Embodiment
A kind of nonaqueous phase two-step synthetic method of the present invention, first uses low-temperature solvent Grape berry, then uses heat treatment carbonization.With LiFePO
4for example, its technical scheme is as follows.
(1) ferrous salt is dissolved in suitable solvent orange 2 A, forms uniform solution.Lithium source is dissolved in suitable solvent B, forms uniform solution.
(2) in the reactor being connected with protection gas, after solvent C being heated to 50-200 degree, respectively the raw material in (1) is joined in reactor, and add suitable antioxidant, stir 30 minutes, form homogeneous solution.By phosphoric acid or phosphate salt dissolves in suitable solvent D, add in above-mentioned reaction vessel after forming homogeneous solution, continue reaction 1-4 hour.Then be warmed up to 180-240 DEG C, continue reaction 2-8 hour in this temperature.Then room temperature is naturally cooled to.Separated product, washs 1-2 time, dries.
(3) under inert atmosphere or reducing atmosphere, by product (5) powder at 550-750 degree heat treatment 2-8 hour.Both LiFePO4 of the present invention had been obtained.
In the preparation method of above-mentioned nanometer olivine-type positive electrode, the antioxidant in step (2) is aniline, ascorbic acid, citric acid, phenol, benzenediol, tocopherol, Butylated Hydroxytoluene, one or more in SODIUM ASCORBATE, calcium salt.
In the preparation method of above-mentioned nanometer olivine-type positive electrode, except LiFePO4, ferric metasilicate lithium, other materials can not need in step (2), pass into protection gas and add antioxidant.
In the preparation method of above-mentioned nanometer olivine-type positive electrode, except can except synthesizing iron lithium phosphate, can also be used to synthesize other olivine-type positive electrodes, lithium manganese phosphate, LiNiPO, cobalt phosphate lithium, cobaltous silicate lithium, ferric metasilicate lithium, manganese silicate of lithium.
In the preparation method of above-mentioned nanometer olivine-type positive electrode, lithium source is lithia, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, lithium acetate, lithium carbonate, lithium dihydrogen phosphate, in oxalic acid, and one or more in lithium chloride.
In the preparation method of above-mentioned nanometer olivine-type positive electrode, phosphorus source is phosphoric acid, ammonium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, lithium dihydrogen phosphate, one or more in phosphoric acid hydrogen two lithium.
In the preparation method of above-mentioned nanometer olivine-type positive electrode, source of iron is frerrous chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferrous oxalate, ferrous nitrate, ferrous gluconate, one or more in acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione ferrous iron.
In the preparation method of above-mentioned nanometer olivine-type positive electrode, manganese source is manganese chloride, manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, manganese acetate, manganese oxalate, one or more in manganese carbonate.
In the preparation method of above-mentioned nanometer olivine-type positive electrode, silicon source is silicon dioxide, tetraethyl orthosilicate, sodium metasilicate, one or more in silicic acid.
Embodiment 1:
30mL oleyl amine is heated to 100 DEG C under nitrogen protection, and stirs.FeCl
2, 1.014g is dissolved in 15ml ethanol, LiAc2H
2after O, 0.816g are dissolved in 15ml ethanol, join respectively in appeal oleyl amine.Add 1mL aniline, 100 DEG C are reacted 30 minutes.Add phosphoric acid mixed liquor (0.55mL>85% phosphoric acid+5mL ethanol), 100 DEG C of reactions 2 hours, be warmed up to 200 degree from 100 degree afterwards.And 200 degree of maintenances 4 hours.Be cooled to room temperature.Migrate out reaction bulb, add alcohol settling out.Then wash with a small amount of cyclohexane, after add alcohol settling out.Wash twice.Then 64 degree of vacuum dryings, spend the night.Under the argon gas atmosphere of 5%H2,600 DEG C are burnt 4 hours.Obtain finished product.As shown in Figure 1, the ESEM of products therefrom characterizes.Charging and discharging curve under 0.5C as shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 2:
60mL oleyl amine is under agitation heated to 100 DEG C, Mn (Ac)
24H
2o, 3.92g are dissolved in 25ml ethanol, LiAc2H
2after O, 1.632g are dissolved in 25ml ethanol, join respectively in appeal oleyl amine.100 DEG C are reacted 60 minutes.Add phosphoric acid mixed liquor (1.1mL>85% phosphoric acid+8mL ethanol), 100 DEG C of reactions 2 hours, be warmed up to 200 degree from 100 degree afterwards.And 200 degree of maintenances 4 hours.Be cooled to room temperature.Migrate out reaction bulb, add alcohol settling out.Then wash with a small amount of cyclohexane, after add alcohol settling out.Wash twice.Then 64 degree of vacuum dryings, spend the night.In a nitrogen atmosphere, 600 DEG C are burnt 4 hours.Obtain finished product.As shown in Figure 3, its charging and discharging curve under 0.5C.
Claims (5)
1. a preparation method for nanometer olivine-type anode material for lithium-ion batteries, is characterized in that step is as follows:
The first step, elder generation is stock dispersion or dissolve in a solvent; Raw material packet contains containing lithium metal compounds, containing the compound of nonmetal Y and the compound of containing metal M, and the compound of nonmetal Y is phosphoric acid or phosphate, and the compound of containing metal M is ferrous salt; Solvent comprises ethanol, cyclohexane, isopropyl alcohol, glycerol, butanols and N, one or more in N-METHYLFORMAMIDE; Wherein solvent is divided into A, B, C and D tetra-parts, is dissolved in by ferrous salt in solvent orange 2 A, forms uniform solution; To be dissolved in solvent B containing lithium metal compounds, form homogeneous solution; By phosphoric acid or phosphate salt dissolves in suitable solvent D, form uniform solution;
Second step, the material solution obtained by the first step, carries out synthetic reaction at certain dicyandiamide solution and obtains presoma; Be specially, in the reactor being connected with protection gas, after solvent C being heated to 50-200 DEG C, the solvent orange 2 A containing ferrous salt and the solvent B containing lithium source being joined in reactor, and adds antioxidant, stir 30 minutes, form homogeneous solution; Again by phosphoric acid or phosphatic solvent D, add in above-mentioned reactor, continue reaction 1-4 hour; Then be warmed up to 180-240 DEG C, continue reaction 2-8 hour in this temperature; Then room temperature is naturally cooled to; Separated product, washs 1-2 time, dries and obtains presoma;
3rd step, carries out pyrolytic reaction by the presoma that second step obtains, is specially under inert atmosphere or reducing atmosphere, by presoma obtained above at 550-750 DEG C of heat treatment 2-8 hour, and final acquisition nanometer olivine-type anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
2. the preparation method of a kind of nanometer olivine-type anode material for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described is one or more in lithia, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, lithium acetate, lithium carbonate, lithium dihydrogen phosphate, lithium oxalate and lithium chloride containing lithium metal compounds.
3. the preparation method of a kind of nanometer olivine-type anode material for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described reducing atmosphere refer to containing hydrogen or hydrogen can be produced under synthesis condition, containing ammonia or can produce ammonia under synthesis condition, can produce carbon monoxide containing carbon monoxide or under synthesis condition, these gases are used alone or used in combination.
4. the preparation method of a kind of nanometer olivine-type anode material for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described raw material also comprises the compound of containing metal M ', mol ratio≤20% of metal M ' be one or more of Mg, Al and Nb, wherein metal M ' and metal M.
5. the preparation method of a kind of nanometer olivine-type anode material for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described second step, also adds surfactant in synthesis; Antioxidant is one or more in aniline, ascorbic acid, citric acid, phenol, benzenediol, tocopherol, Butylated Hydroxytoluene, calcium salt and SODIUM ASCORBATE; The acid that described surfactant is dodecyl sodium sulfate, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, softex kw, polyvinylpyrrolidone, P123, Brij series, TWEEN Series and Span series play surface-active action, alcohol, amine, ether and block copolymer.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101582498A (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2009-11-18 | 东北师范大学 | Method for preparing nanometer ferrous phosphate lithium /carbon composite material |
| CN102104144A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-06-22 | 常州华科新能源科技有限公司 | Method for preparing lithium iron phosphate compound anode material |
| CN102381694A (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2012-03-21 | 长春劲能锂电池科技有限公司 | Lithium ion battery electrode material synthesized by using full-solution process |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101582498A (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2009-11-18 | 东北师范大学 | Method for preparing nanometer ferrous phosphate lithium /carbon composite material |
| CN102381694A (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2012-03-21 | 长春劲能锂电池科技有限公司 | Lithium ion battery electrode material synthesized by using full-solution process |
| CN102104144A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-06-22 | 常州华科新能源科技有限公司 | Method for preparing lithium iron phosphate compound anode material |
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