CN103310075A - Optical transmission component decomposition method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical transmission component decomposition method based on a convolution sparse representation. The decomposition method comprises the following steps: structuring a convolution kernel for representing different optical transmission components by utilizing the priori knowledge of the optical transmission component structural pattern; setting up a mathematical model of convolution sparse reconsitution for optical transmission decomposition, and adding a logsum approximate factor to the mathematical model; and realizing the optical transmission component decomposition by combining logsum and the convolution sparse restructing algorithm, and performing scene analysis and comprehension by utilizing the decomposed different components. According to the invention, an imaging model of the optical transmission component decomposition method based on the convolution sparse representation can accurately extract the basic composing mode for optical transmission; and compared with the existing method based on gradient, the imaging model improves the constituent isolation effect of a scene depth margin and the continuity of different components.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field that learns a skill of making a video recording of calculating, particularly a kind of light transmission composition decomposition method based on the sparse reconstruct of convolution and logsum algorithm.
Background technology
It is the camera of 2ps that MIT Media Lab has been invented the acquisition time precision, and in the time of corresponding every frame, the time that light is propagated is the distance of 0.6mm, and therefore also being this camera is light velocity camera.This femtosecond imaging device is comprised of three parts: the one, and the femtosecond camera is launched duration as other laser pulse of femtosecond take the frequency of per second 750MHz; The 2nd, streak camera, this camera can only gather the time dependent situation of light intensity of the one-dimensional space; The 3rd, rotary optical system is comprised of a pair of rotation minute surface, can realize the scanning of the information of camera on another dimension, and then realizes the catching of information of the ps temporal resolution of two-dimensional scene.In addition, because the interframe time is too short, the light intensity of collection is too little, in order to improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and acquisition precision, so need to carry out multi collect for each the upper position that gathers another dimension of dimension than streak camera.
The people such as Wu Di have proposed a kind of separation method that transmits simply composition based on the light of gradient in the paper that decomposes based on optical transmission signal that 2012 deliver, from angle the most intuitively, at first calculate the gradient information of light transmission time function about the time, then utilize the trend of graded to find starting point and the terminal point of direct reflex components, then with Gaussian function to direct reflex components match, and then direct reflex components and indirect reference component separating opened.The method in the situation that the treatment effect of anti-noise and complicated light transmission all have much room for improvement.
Summary of the invention
The present invention one of is intended to solve the problems of the technologies described above at least to a certain extent or provides at least a kind of useful commerce to select.For this reason, the present invention is intended to propose discrete effective, the light transmission composition decomposition method that the heterogeneity continuity is good of a kind of composition.
A kind of light transmission composition decomposition method is characterized in that, comprises the steps: S1: the convolution kernel that utilizes the priori structure expression light transmission heterogeneity of light transmission constituent structure pattern; S2: set up the mathematical model of the light transmission decomposition of the sparse reconstruct of convolution, and adding logsum approaches the factor in mathematical model; And S3: realize realizing that in conjunction with logsum and the sparse restructing algorithm of convolution the composition of light transmission decomposes, and utilizes the heterogeneity that decomposites to carry out analysis and the understanding of scene.
In one embodiment of the invention, described light transmission comprises direct reflex, Multi reflection effect and inferior surface scattering effect, desirable time domain-the radiance function of described light transmission comprises reflex function and inferior surface scattering action function, wherein, because the fogging action of the PSF nuclear that camera is intrinsic, described reflection configuration model is that the σ gaussian kernel function is described with the nuclear width
Wherein, k
Gauss(t) be gaussian kernel function, t
0Be the gaussian kernel center, σ is the gaussian kernel width,
Described inferior surface scattering action function is for originating in constantly t
0Decaying exponential function and the result who is obtained by camera fuzzy kernel function Gaussian Blur kernel function convolution,
k
exp(t)=y
exp(t)*k
camera
Wherein
Wherein, y
Exp(t) be corresponding decaying exponential function, k
CameraBe fuzzy kernel function corresponding to scene acquisition system, α is the attenuation coefficient of exponential function.
In one embodiment of the invention, for desirable time domain-radiance function, by adjusting the gaussian sum width of reflex, the initiation attenuation coefficient α of inferior surface scattering effect makes up the nuclear of expression light transmitting effect.
In one embodiment of the invention, by adjusting the gaussian sum width of reflex, the initiation rate of decay α of inferior surface scattering effect makes up the nuclear of expression light transmitting effect, make up the nuclear dictionary of the expression light transmitting effect that basic optical transmission mode forms in the light velocity collected by camera scope, the possible form of the corresponding different parameters of each composition of described nuclear dictionary.
In one embodiment of the invention, in described step S3, consider the accuracy model that actual camera gathers, the light intensity function of time of actual acquisition is the result behind the desirable light intensity function of time convolution Gaussian Blur nuclear.
In one embodiment of the invention, described fuzzy core is the Gaussian function on the time domain, and the function width is determined by the acquisition parameter of light velocity camera.
In one embodiment of the invention, described imaging model equation with sparse constraint is:
Wherein, * is convolution operation,
Be the convolution kernel of expression light transmitting effect,
For treating the signal of reconstruct, the light intensity time signal of namely inputting,
Transmit the sign vector of the function of basic comprising pattern for light, it has sparse characteristic, considers the translation invariance of convolution effect, and in the positional information of light transmission composition and the vector that amplitude information is included in this reconstruct, K is the nuclear number of convolution kernel set.
In one embodiment of the invention, utilize the described imaging model equation of convolution sparse constraint and logsum Algorithm for Solving, obtain the sign vector of function of the basic comprising pattern of light transmission
To sum up, based on the sparse reconstruct of convolution and logsum algorithm, reconstruct is also decomposed the basic comprising pattern that has obtained the light transmission, has improved depth edge and the accuracy of separating and authenticity according to the light of embodiment of the invention transmission composition decomposition method.The present invention's separating effect in depth edge compared to prior art more meets physics reality, does not need to know in advance that the possible number of certain composition also can realize good separating effect by the sparse reconstruct of convolution.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage in the following description part provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage are from obviously and easily understanding becoming the description of embodiment in conjunction with following accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the light transmission composition decomposition method of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of certain some position in general image in certain scene;
Fig. 3 is the time dependent function curve of the light intensity of this point in the corresponding diagram 2;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation that the light of the embodiment of the invention transmits the matrix expansion form of the nuclear that makes up in the composition decomposition method;
Fig. 5 is time domain-emittance value of arriving of collected by camera and the comparison schematic diagram of reconstruction result;
Fig. 6 is based on the separating effect of gradient with of the present inventionly decompose the comparison schematic diagram of effect based on the sparse reconstruct of convolution and logsum in the military enlightening 2012CVPR paper.
Embodiment
The below describes embodiments of the invention in detail, and the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or the element with identical or similar functions from start to finish.Be exemplary below by the embodiment that is described with reference to the drawings, be intended to for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention proposes a kind of light transmission composition decomposition method, comprise the steps:
S1: the convolution kernel that utilizes the priori structure expression light transmission heterogeneity of light transmission constituent structure pattern.
S2: the light of setting up the sparse reconstruct of convolution transmits the mathematical model of decomposing and add logsum in mathematical model and approaches the factor.
S3: realize realizing that in conjunction with logsum and the sparse restructing algorithm of convolution the composition of light transmission decomposes, and utilizes the heterogeneity that decomposites to carry out analysis and the understanding of scene.
The concrete steps that light based on the sparse reconstruct of convolution and logsum algorithm of the present invention transmits the composition decomposition method are as follows:
The first step: the convolution kernel that utilizes the priori structure expression light transmission heterogeneity of light transmission constituent structure pattern, because the light transmitting effect comprises basic reflex and inferior surface scattering effect, its time domain-light intensity (radiancy) function has the specific characterization pattern, desirable time domain-the radiance function of light transmission comprises reflex function and inferior surface scattering action function, wherein
Reflective function is the result formats that the convolution of an impulse function and a Gaussian function obtains:
Wherein, k
Gauss(t) be gaussian kernel function, t
0Be the gaussian kernel center, σ is the gaussian kernel width.
Inferior surface scattering action function is for originating in constantly t
0Decaying exponential function and the result who is obtained by camera fuzzy kernel function Gaussian Blur kernel function convolution.
k
exp(t)=y
exp(t)*k
camera
Wherein
Wherein, y
Exp(t) be corresponding decaying exponential function, k
CameraBe fuzzy kernel function corresponding to scene acquisition system, α is the attenuation coefficient of exponential function.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of certain some position in general image in certain scene, and this puts the point that comprises the comparison of ingredients complexity in the corresponding scene, and the marginal portion in scene is to having put a radiancy function of time curve as shown in Figure 3.Two obvious Gaussian peaks are arranged in the curve of Fig. 3, to should the point, the primary event composition that has direct object edge from scene to reflect, the direct reflex components that point reflection is returned on the wall of back corresponding to object edge point from scene corresponding to this point is arranged, also have the overall reflex components of the interior of articles ejaculation from scene.
Second step: set up the mathematical model of the light transmission decomposition of the sparse reconstruct of convolution, and adding logsum approaches the factor in mathematical model; In the corresponding actual conditions, directly reflect the corresponding gaussian kernel width parameter of (primary event) composition, the attenuation coefficient parameter alpha that inferior surface scattering composition is corresponding.
In the present embodiment, at first utilize Gauss curve fitting to determine that roughly all-pair in the scene answers the distribution range roughly of gaussian kernel width, then construct respectively the base nuclear of corresponding different gaussian kernel width and exponential damping coefficient, the form that these nuclears can be used up the transmission basis matrix in the distribution at diverse location place shows, as shown in Figure 4, wherein, Fig. 4 (a) only considers that the base nuclear of reflex with matrix representation form out, is only to have considered a kind of situation of examining width among the figure.Fig. 4 (b) is that the base of considering reflection and inferior surface scattering is examined with matrix representation form out, among the figure two kinds of situations has only been considered respectively a kind of situation of examining width and a kind of exponential damping coefficient.
The 3rd step: realize realizing that in conjunction with logsum and the sparse restructing algorithm of convolution the composition of light transmission decomposes, and utilizes the heterogeneity that decomposites to carry out analysis and the understanding of scene.
Foundation has the imaging model of convolution sparse constraint, and equation is:
Wherein, * is convolution operation,
Be the convolution kernel of expression light transmitting effect,
For treating the signal of reconstruct, the light intensity time signal of namely inputting, the nuclear number of K convolution kernel set,
Transmit the sign vector of the function of basic comprising pattern for light, it has sparse characteristic, considers the translation invariance of convolution effect, in the positional information of light transmission composition and the vector that amplitude information is included in this reconstruct.
Fig. 5 is time domain-emittance value of arriving of collected by camera and the comparison schematic diagram of reconstruction result.
Fig. 6 is based on the separating effect of gradient and comparison of decomposing effect based on the sparse reconstruct of convolution and logsum of the present invention in the military enlightening 2012CVPR paper.From Fig. 6 (a) and Fig. 6 (b), can find out, when the light transmission of the point of processing the scene edge is decomposed, two peak values that our method can be transmitted corresponding light simultaneously direct reflex components are all separated, and the method for military enlightening can only be isolated one of them, and very inaccurate of the effect of separating.Can find out from Fig. 6 (c) and Fig. 6 (d), in the situation that the scene signal content is fairly simple, the method for Wu Di can be decomposed good place, and we also can obtain reasonable result.To sum up, our method can reach the method that proposes with military enlightening and similarly decompose effect in the situation that common, and the method that can access the tourney enlightening under complicated situation more more meets the decomposition effect of physical interpretation.
To sum up, based on the sparse reconstruct of convolution and logsum algorithm, reconstruct is also decomposed the basic comprising pattern that has obtained the light transmission, has improved depth edge and the accuracy of separating and authenticity according to the light of embodiment of the invention transmission composition decomposition method.The present invention's separating effect in depth edge compared to prior art more meets physics reality, does not need to know in advance that the possible number of certain composition also can realize good separating effect by the sparse reconstruct of convolution.
Need to prove, describe and to be understood in the process flow diagram or in this any process of otherwise describing or method, expression comprises the module of code of the executable instruction of the step that one or more is used to realize specific logical function or process, fragment or part, and the scope of preferred implementation of the present invention comprises other realization, wherein can be not according to order shown or that discuss, comprise according to related function by the mode of basic while or by opposite order, carry out function, this should be understood by the embodiments of the invention person of ordinary skill in the field.
In the description of this instructions, the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiment ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means to be contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or the example in conjunction with specific features, structure, material or the characteristics of this embodiment or example description.In this manual, the schematic statement of above-mentioned term not necessarily referred to identical embodiment or example.And the specific features of description, structure, material or characteristics can be with suitable mode combinations in any one or more embodiment or example.Although the above has illustrated and has described embodiments of the invention, but above-described embodiment is exemplary, can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art is not in the situation that break away from principle of the present invention and aim can change above-described embodiment within the scope of the invention, modification, replacement and modification.
Claims (8)
1. a light transmission composition decomposition method comprises the steps:
S1: the convolution kernel that utilizes the priori structure expression light transmission heterogeneity of light transmission constituent structure pattern;
S2: set up the mathematical model of the light transmission decomposition of the sparse reconstruct of convolution, and adding logsum approaches the factor in mathematical model; And
S3: realize realizing that in conjunction with logsum and the sparse restructing algorithm of convolution the composition of light transmission decomposes, and utilizes the heterogeneity that decomposites to carry out analysis and the understanding of scene.
2. light as claimed in claim 1 transmits the composition decomposition method, it is characterized in that, described light transmission comprises direct reflex, Multi reflection effect and inferior surface scattering effect, and the desirable time domain-radiance function of described light transmission comprises reflex function and inferior surface scattering action function
Wherein, because the fogging action that the intrinsic PSF of camera examines, described reflection configuration model is that the σ gaussian kernel function is described with the nuclear width,
Wherein, k
Gauss(t) be gaussian kernel function, t
0Be the gaussian kernel center, σ is the gaussian kernel width,
Described inferior surface scattering action function is for originating in constantly t
0Decaying exponential function and the result who is obtained by camera fuzzy kernel function Gaussian Blur kernel function convolution,
k
exp(t)=y
exp(t)*k
camera
Wherein
Wherein, y
Exp(t) be corresponding decaying exponential function, k
CameraBe fuzzy kernel function corresponding to scene acquisition system, α is the attenuation coefficient of exponential function.
3. light as claimed in claim 1 or 2 transmits the composition decomposition method, it is characterized in that, for desirable time domain-radiance function, by adjusting the gaussian sum width of reflex, the initiation attenuation coefficient α of inferior surface scattering effect makes up the nuclear of expression light transmitting effect.
4. such as claim 2 and 3 described light transmission composition decomposition methods, it is characterized in that, by adjusting the gaussian sum width of reflex, the initiation rate of decay α of inferior surface scattering effect makes up the nuclear of expression light transmitting effect, make up the nuclear dictionary of the expression light transmitting effect that basic optical transmission mode forms in the light velocity collected by camera scope, the possible form of the corresponding different parameters of each composition of described nuclear dictionary.
5. light transmission composition decomposition method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in described step S3, considers the accuracy model that actual camera gathers, and the light intensity function of time of actual acquisition is the result behind the desirable light intensity function of time convolution Gaussian Blur nuclear.
6. light transmission composition decomposition method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described fuzzy core is the Gaussian function on the time domain, and the function width is determined by the acquisition parameter of light velocity camera.
7. light transmission composition decomposition method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described imaging model equation with sparse constraint is:
Wherein, * is convolution operation,
Be the convolution kernel of expression light transmitting effect,
For treating the signal of reconstruct, the light intensity time signal of namely inputting,
Transmit the sign vector of the function of basic comprising pattern for light, it has sparse characteristic, considers the translation invariance of convolution effect, and in the positional information of light transmission composition and the vector that amplitude information is included in this reconstruct, K is the nuclear number of convolution kernel set.
8. light as claimed in claim 7 transmission composition decomposition method is characterized in that, utilizes the described imaging model equation of convolution sparse constraint and logsum Algorithm for Solving, obtains the sign vector of function of the basic comprising pattern of light transmission
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