CN103308167B - Ultraviolet, visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer - Google Patents
Ultraviolet, visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN103308167B CN103308167B CN201310254080.9A CN201310254080A CN103308167B CN 103308167 B CN103308167 B CN 103308167B CN 201310254080 A CN201310254080 A CN 201310254080A CN 103308167 B CN103308167 B CN 103308167B
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Abstract
Ultraviolet, visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer, relate to spatial remotely sensed imaging spectral technique field, it solves the little problem of existing imaging spectrometer service band dynamic range that is short, detectable signal.Comprise ccd detector, electronic system, telescopic system and spectrum imaging system, telescopic system comprises aperture diaphragm and telescope, and spectrum imaging system comprises entrance slit, plane turns back mirror, collimating mirror, dispersing prism, imaging lens and subrane attenuating filters.Telescopic system is imaged onto target band on entrance slit, and spectrum imaging system is entrance slit dispersion and be imaged onto on ccd detector, and electronic system carries out acquisition and processing to the image on ccd detector.Imaging spectrometer of the present invention, compact conformation, volume is little, lightweight, can carry out imaging spectral detection to the target of ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared band great dynamic range signal.This application of installation is in space flight, airborne remote sensing field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to spatial remotely sensed imaging spectral technique field, be specifically related to a kind of ultraviolet, visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer.
Background technology
Imaging spectrometer is the new spatial remote optical sensing instrument that simultaneously can obtain spectral information and image information, in fields such as survey of territorial resources, ocean and atmospheric remote sensings, is obtaining applying more and more widely.But the service band of existing imaging spectrometer focuses mostly at visible or near-infrared band, and service band is short, the kind of detectable material composition is subject to certain restrictions.In visible or near-infrared band, the change of target emanation signal intensity is little, is 10
3magnitude, in the dynamic range of ccd detector itself, therefore visible or near infrared imaging spectrographic detection easily realizes.But ultraviolet remote sensing is the field that has an outstanding advantage except visible and infrared remote sensing, such as, the atmospheric trace gas such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide all has stronger absorption band at ultraviolet band, and ultraviolet atmosphere radiation background data is of great significance tools such as ultraviolet early warning in addition.Therefore, service band covers the active demand that ultraviolet-visible-near infrared imaging spectrometer is called space remote sensing.The target emanation signal of ultraviolet band compares visible and weak 2 ~ 3 magnitudes of near-infrared band, reaches 10 in the change of ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared band internal object radiated signal strength
5~ 10
6how magnitude, beyond the dynamic range of ccd detector itself, therefore realize the advanced subject that ultraviolet-visible-near infrared great dynamic range imaging spectral detection is spatial remotely sensed imaging spectral technique area research.
Summary of the invention
The present invention solves the little problem of existing imaging spectrometer wave band dynamic range that is short, detectable signal, provides a kind of ultraviolet, visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer.
Ultraviolet, visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer, comprise ccd detector, electronic system, telescopic system and spectrum imaging system, described telescopic system comprises aperture diaphragm and telescope, and spectrum imaging system comprises entrance slit, plane turns back mirror, collimating mirror, dispersing prism, imaging lens and subrane attenuating filters, described entrance slit is positioned on the focal plane of telescope and collimating mirror, the light beam via hole diameter diaphragm that target sends and telescope are imaged on entrance slit, light beam after entrance slit outgoing is incident to dispersing prism after plane turns back mirror and collimating mirror, again through the first working surface outgoing after the second working surface internal reflection at dispersing prism of the light beam of the first working surface transmission of dispersing prism, described outgoing beam focuses on through imaging lens and converges on subrane attenuating filters, be imaged onto on ccd detector after the light signal of described subrane attenuating filters to different-waveband regulates, ccd detector obtains two-dimension spectrum image, electronic system carries out acquisition and processing to two-dimension spectrum image.
Principle of work of the present invention: target via hole diameter diaphragm and the telescope of ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared band great dynamic range are imaged on the entrance slit of spectrum imaging system, fold from the light of entrance slit outgoing incide the first working surface of dispersing prism after collimating mirror collimation again through plane mirror of turning back, from the first working surface outgoing after the second working surface internal reflection of dispersing prism.Collimated light beam through prism dispersion is focused on by imaging lens, convergent beam incides on subrane attenuating filters, subrane attenuating filters regulates the light signal strength of different-waveband, make the spectral-transmission favtor of ultraviolet band weak signal high, visible low with spectral-transmission favtor that the is strong signal of near-infrared band, thus reach the object of balanced different-waveband light signal strength.Convergent beam is imaged onto in CCD detection after subrane attenuating filters regulates, and CCD obtains two-dimension spectrum image, and wherein parallel with entrance slit length direction one dimension is space dimension, and another dimension is spectrum dimension.Xyz right hand space coordinates ordered arrangement pressed by ultraviolet of the present invention, visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer, z-axis direction is decided to be optical axis direction, x-axis is perpendicular to yz plane, entrance slit length direction is along x-axis, prism dispersive plane is yz plane, spectrum dimension is in yz plane, and space dimension is in xz plane.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer of the present invention can realize ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared band great dynamic range imaging spectral detection, and detectable wave band is 250 ~ 1000nm, and the dynamic range of detectable signal reaches 10
5~ 10
6, prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer volume of the present invention is little, lightweight, is particularly suitable for space remote sensing application.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is ultraviolet of the present invention, structural diagrams that is visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer is intended to;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of dispersing prism in ultraviolet of the present invention, visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer;
In figure, 1, aperture diaphragm, 2, telescope, 3, entrance slit, 4, plane turns back mirror, 5, collimating mirror, 6, dispersing prism, 7, imaging lens, 8, subrane attenuating filters, 9, ccd detector, 10, electronic system, a, the first working surface, b, the second working surface.
Embodiment
Embodiment one, composition graphs 1 and Fig. 2 illustrate present embodiment, ultraviolet, visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer, this spectrometer comprises optical system, ccd detector 9 and electronic system 10, optical system comprises telescopic system and spectrum imaging system, telescopic system comprises aperture diaphragm 2 and telescope 2, spectrum imaging system comprises entrance slit 3, plane is turned back mirror 4, collimating mirror 5, dispersing prism 6, imaging lens 7 and subrane attenuating filters 8.First via hole diameter diaphragm 1 and telescope 2 are imaged on entrance slit 3 light beam of the ultraviolet that target sends, visible, near-infrared band, be imaged onto ccd detector 8 through turn back mirror 4, collimating mirror 5, dispersing prism 6, imaging lens 7 and subrane attenuating filters 8 of plane successively after entrance slit 3 outgoing, ccd detector 9 obtains two-dimension spectrum image, and electronic system 10 pairs of two-dimension spectrum images carry out acquisition and processing.
The reflecting surface of described telescope 3 and plane are turned back the reflecting surface arranged opposite of mirror 4, plane is turned back the reflecting surface of mirror 4 and the reflecting surface arranged opposite of collimating mirror 5, the reflecting surface of collimating mirror 5 and the first working surface a arranged opposite of dispersing prism 6, first working surface a of dispersing prism 6 and the reflecting surface arranged opposite of imaging lens 7, the reflecting surface of imaging lens 7 and ccd detector 9 arranged opposite.
First working surface a of described dispersing prism 6 is the plane of incidence, is also exit facet, plating ultraviolet, visible, near infrared anti-reflection film, and the second working surface b is interior reflective surface, and be coated with ultraviolet, visible, near infrared internal reflection film, reflectivity is greater than 90%; Described first workplace a center is d to the distance on collimating mirror 5 summit
2, the first workplace a center is d to the distance on imaging lens 7 summit
3, d
2=d
3; The apex angle α of dispersing prism 6 meets: 10 °≤α≤20 °.
The spectral-transmission favtor of described subrane attenuating filters 8 changes with wave band, for regulating different-waveband light signal strength, high in the spectral-transmission favtor of ultraviolet band, low in spectral-transmission favtor that is visible and near-infrared band, thus reach the object of ultraviolet-visible-near infrared great dynamic range imaging spectral detection.The distance d of subrane attenuating filters 8 and ccd detector
4meet: 3mm≤d
4≤ 6mm.
Described telescope 2 is monolithic off axis paraboloidal mirror or polylith spherical reflector or off-axis incidence, and described collimating mirror 5 and imaging lens 7 are from axle six non-spherical reflectors.The turn back reflecting surface of mirror 4, collimating mirror 5 and imaging lens 7 of described telescope 2, plane is all coated with the reflectance coating of ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared band, and reflectivity is greater than 90%.
The zoom ratio of described spectrum imaging system is in 0.8 ~ 1.2 scope.
Described plane is turned back the distance d between mirror 4 and entrance slit 3
1with the focal distance f of collimating mirror 5
2between meet: 0.3f
2≤ d
1≤ 0.4f
2.
Described ccd detector 9 is ultraviolet enhancement detector, and be greater than 50% in the quantum efficiency of 250 ~ 400nm wave band, ccd detector 9 is positioned on the focal plane of imaging lens 7.
Embodiment two, composition graphs 1 and Fig. 2 illustrate present embodiment, present embodiment is the ultraviolet described in embodiment one, the application of visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer, spectrometer described in embodiment one is applied to ultraviolet-visible-near infrared atmospheric remote sensing, service band 250 ~ 1000nm, telescope is monolithic off axis paraboloidal mirror, telescopical focal length is 120mm, visual field is 2.4 ° × 0.024 °, entrance slit is of a size of 5mm × 0.05mm, and aperture diaphragm is of a size of Φ 30mm.The air astigmatism via hole diameter diaphragm of ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared band and telescope are imaged on entrance slit.Collimating mirror and imaging lens are six off-axis aspheric mirrors, and the radius-of-curvature of collimating mirror is 573.51, and quadratic term coefficient is-0.21077, six term coefficient is 5.8547 × 10
-25, be 65.72mm from axle amount, the radius-of-curvature of imaging lens is 601.04, and quadratic term coefficient is-1.3878, six term coefficient is-2.993 × 10
-25, be-30.21mm from axle amount.The material of dispersing prism is fused quartz, and the apex angle α of prism is 15.3 °.Subrane attenuating filters is at 250 ~ 330nm wave band, spectral-transmission favtor is greater than 90%, 330 ~ 480nm wave band, spectral-transmission favtor drops to 18% gradually by 90%, 480 ~ 650nm wave band, spectral-transmission favtor is 16% ± 2%, 670 ~ 750nm wave band, spectral-transmission favtor is 14% ± 2%, 750 ~ 850nm wave band, and spectral-transmission favtor brings up to 15% gradually by 11%, 850 ~ 950nm wave band, spectral-transmission favtor is 20% ± 1%, 950-1000nm wave band, and spectral-transmission favtor is increased to 28% gradually by 21%.Ccd detector is ultraviolet enhancement detector, pixel number 512 × 512, and pixel dimension is 25 μm × 25 μm.
The present invention can realize ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared band great dynamic range imaging spectral detection, is adapted on satellite platform and aircraft carries out the space remote sensing application such as atmospheric remote sensing, ocean remote sensing and survey of territorial resources.
Claims (10)
1. ultraviolet, visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer, comprise ccd detector (9), electronic system (10), telescopic system and spectrum imaging system, described telescopic system comprises aperture diaphragm (1) and telescope (2), spectrum imaging system comprises entrance slit (3), plane is turned back mirror (4), collimating mirror (5), dispersing prism (6), imaging lens (7) and subrane attenuating filters (8), it is characterized in that, described entrance slit (3) is positioned on the focal plane of telescope (2) and collimating mirror (5), the light beam via hole diameter diaphragm (1) that target sends and telescope (2) are imaged on entrance slit (3), light beam after entrance slit (3) outgoing is incident to dispersing prism (6) after plane turns back mirror (4) and collimating mirror (5), again through the first working surface (a) outgoing after the second working surface (b) internal reflection at dispersing prism (6) of the light beam of the first working surface (a) transmission of dispersing prism (6), described outgoing beam focuses on through imaging lens (7) and converges on subrane attenuating filters (8), described subrane attenuating filters (8) regulates the light signal strength of different-waveband, make the spectral-transmission favtor of ultraviolet band weak signal high, visible low with spectral-transmission favtor that the is strong signal of near-infrared band, and the light signal of the different-waveband after regulating is imaged onto on ccd detector (9), at ccd detector (9) upper acquisition two-dimension spectrum image, electronic system (10) carries out acquisition and processing to two-dimension spectrum image.
2. ultraviolet according to claim 1, visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer, it is characterized in that, the zoom ratio of described spectrum imaging system is in 0.8 ~ 1.2 scope.
3. ultraviolet according to claim 1, visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer, it is characterized in that, the reflecting surface of described telescope (2) and plane are turned back the reflecting surface arranged opposite of mirror (4), plane is turned back the reflecting surface of mirror (4) and the reflecting surface arranged opposite of collimating mirror (5), the reflecting surface of collimating mirror (5) and the first working surface (a) arranged opposite of dispersing prism (6), first working surface (a) of dispersing prism (6) and the reflecting surface arranged opposite of imaging lens (7), the reflecting surface of imaging lens (7) and ccd detector (9) arranged opposite.
4. ultraviolet according to claim 1, visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer, it is characterized in that, the turn back reflecting surface of mirror (4), collimating mirror (5) and imaging lens (7) of described telescope (2), plane is all coated with the reflectance coating of ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared band, and reflectivity is greater than 90%.
5. ultraviolet according to claim 1, visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer, is characterized in that, described telescope (2) is monolithic off axis paraboloidal mirror, any one in multi-disc spherical reflector or off-axis incidence.
6. ultraviolet according to claim 1, visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer, it is characterized in that, described collimating mirror (5) and imaging lens (7) are from axle six non-spherical reflectors.
7. ultraviolet according to claim 1, visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer, is characterized in that, described plane is turned back the distance d between mirror (4) and entrance slit (3)
1with the focal distance f of collimating mirror (5)
2between meet: 0.3f
2≤ d
1≤ 0.4f
2.
8. ultraviolet according to claim 1, visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer, it is characterized in that, it is again exit facet that first working surface (a) of described dispersing prism (6) is incidence, plating ultraviolet, visible, near infrared anti-reflection film, second working surface (b) is interior reflective surface, be coated with ultraviolet, visible, near infrared internal reflection film, reflectivity is greater than 90%; Described first working surface (a) center is d to the distance on collimating mirror (5) summit
2, the first working surface (a) center is d to the distance on imaging lens (7) summit
3, d
2=d
3; The apex angle α of dispersing prism (6) meets: 10 °≤α≤20 °.
9. ultraviolet according to claim 1, visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer, it is characterized in that, the spectral-transmission favtor of described subrane attenuating filters (8) changes with wave band, for regulating the incident optical signal intensity of different-waveband; The distance d of subrane attenuating filters (8) and ccd detector
4meet: 3mm≤d
4≤ 6mm.
10. ultraviolet according to claim 1, visible, near infrared prismatic colours astigmatic image spectrometer, it is characterized in that, described ccd detector (9) is ultraviolet enhancement detector, be greater than 50% in the quantum efficiency of 250 ~ 400nm wave band, ccd detector (9) is positioned on the focal plane of imaging lens (7).
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| CN103592028B (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2015-09-30 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Based on the double diffraction Ji Cigong road detection grating spectrograph of double-color detector |
| CN105890756A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-08-24 | 上海新产业光电技术有限公司 | Rotary filter-based monochromator |
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| WO2020033953A1 (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2020-02-13 | Perkinelmer Health Sciences, Inc. | Compact spectrometers and instruments including them |
| CN109297593A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-02-01 | 上海机电工程研究所 | Broadband IR source and spectrum regulate and control method |
| CN109781257B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-09-01 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Optical system of free-form surface prism spectrometer |
| CN110132414B (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2022-01-21 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Double-channel broadband prism type continuous spectrum measuring instrument and measuring method thereof |
| CN113108907A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-07-13 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Ultraviolet spectrum imager with high flux, high signal-to-noise ratio and high sensitivity |
| CN114112033A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-03-01 | 杭州谱育科技发展有限公司 | Full-waveband spectrometer and working method thereof |
| CN116222783B (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-08-15 | 武汉精立电子技术有限公司 | Spectrum measuring device and method |
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