CN103307977B - The field measurement apparatus of huge revolving class workpiece inner wall size, system and method - Google Patents
The field measurement apparatus of huge revolving class workpiece inner wall size, system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103307977B CN103307977B CN201310187168.3A CN201310187168A CN103307977B CN 103307977 B CN103307977 B CN 103307977B CN 201310187168 A CN201310187168 A CN 201310187168A CN 103307977 B CN103307977 B CN 103307977B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the measurement apparatus of a kind of huge revolving class workpiece inner wall size, including base, for other parts of support arrangement；Installing rack, for being installed on workpiece for measurement by device；Slew gear, is installed between base and installing rack, is used for driving laser displacement sensor to turn round in the horizontal plane；Longitudinal moving mechanism, for adjusting the laser displacement sensor position at vertical direction；Transverse moving mechanism, for adjusting the distance of laser displacement sensor opposite piece measuring point in the horizontal direction；Levelling gear, for regulating the laser beam glancing incidence workpiece measuring point that the attitude of laser displacement sensor makes it send；Laser displacement sensor, for measuring the workpiece measuring point distance to sensor.Present invention also offers the measurement system and method based on this measurement apparatus.The present invention utilizes laser triangulation principle to determine the space coordinates of measuring point, and certainty of measurement is high；Can automatically adjust measurement position, it is adaptable to the in-site measurement of various huge revolving shell parts.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to advanced field of measuring technique, it is desirable to provide the field measurement apparatus of a kind of huge revolving class workpiece inner wall size, system and method.
Background technology
Along with the development of modern manufacturing process technology, the application of huge revolving class workpiece is more and more extensive, and improving constantly along with machine finish, the measurement of huge revolving class workpiece be it is also proposed higher requirement.
For large complicated carved class workpiece, often enormous size, and surface operating mode is complicated, it is impossible to measure with traditional measuring machine, and for the large-scale rotation class workpiece containing inner chamber, traditional contact type measurement machine cannot be deep into the measurement of interior intracavity especially.The such as large revolving body such as generating equipment, pressure vessel class workpiece, its weight generally reaches several or tens tons, diameter is up to ten meters, for huge revolving class workpiece, it is necessary to detect this kind of workpiece situation in the fault of construction manufactured and produce in use procedure, thus finding fault in time, the origin cause of formation of analyzing defect and fault and rule, improve manufacturing process, improve product quality, to ensure that equipment is safe efficient, to run reliably.
At present, measurement for revolving body workpieces is often after work pieces process completes, pinpoint manual mode with off-line to detect, this detection mode operator's subjectivity is big, easily produce missing inspection, the problems such as and production process that off-line measurement mode also results in whole workpiece is long, production efficiency is low, and production cost is high.
Summary of the invention
For disadvantages described above or the Improvement requirement of prior art, the invention provides the field measurement apparatus of a kind of huge revolving class workpiece inner wall size, system and method, it is achieved the accurate measurement to huge revolving class workpiece inner wall size.
The measurement apparatus of a kind of huge revolving class workpiece inner wall size, it is characterised in that include
Base, for other parts of support arrangement；
Installing rack, for being installed on workpiece for measurement by device；
Slew gear, is installed between base and installing rack, is used for driving laser displacement sensor to turn round in the horizontal plane；
Longitudinal moving mechanism, is installed on slew gear, adjusts the position of laser displacement sensor opposite piece measuring point in the vertical direction；
Transverse moving mechanism, is installed on longitudinal moving mechanism, for adjusting the position of laser displacement sensor opposite piece measuring point in the horizontal direction so that laser displacement sensor to the distance of workpiece inner wall in suitable range ability；
Levelling gear, is installed on transverse moving mechanism, for regulating the laser beam glancing incidence workpiece measuring point that the attitude of laser displacement sensor makes it send；
Laser displacement sensor, is installed on levelling gear, for measuring the workpiece measuring point distance to sensor.
Further, described slew gear include main spindle box, main shaft, for pivotal first servomotor of drive shaft and for measuring the first grating scale of angle of revolution；The bottom of main shaft connects base, and the top of main shaft connects main spindle box after installing the first grating scale, and main spindle box is installed on bracing frame.
Further, described longitudinal moving mechanism includes ball-screw, for the second servomotor driving ball-screw to rotate and the second grating scale vertically moving distance being rotarily driven generation for Laser Measurement sensor by ball-screw, ball-screw is installed in main shaft, second servomotor is installed in main spindle box, and the second grating scale is installed on main shaft.
Further, described transverse moving mechanism include transverse arm, rack and pinion drive mechanism, for driving the 3rd servomotor of transverse arm transversal stretching and for measuring the 3rd grating scale of transversal stretching distance, transverse arm connects the second servomotor by rack and pinion drive mechanism, transverse arm connects ball-screw by mounting blocks, rack and pinion drive mechanism and the 3rd servomotor are installed in mounting blocks, and the 3rd grating scale is installed on transverse arm.
Further, described levelling gear includes leveling platform and adjusting nut, and the upper surface of leveling platform is provided with laser displacement sensor, and the lower surface of leveling platform is provided with adjusting nut.
Further, described laser displacement sensor is point source laser displacement sensor.
A kind of measurement system of huge revolving class workpiece inner wall size, including
Base, for other parts of support arrangement；
Installing rack, for being installed on workpiece by device；
Slew gear, is installed between base and installing rack, is used for driving laser displacement sensor to turn round in the horizontal plane；
Longitudinal moving mechanism, is installed on slew gear, for adjusting the laser displacement sensor position at vertical direction；
Transverse moving mechanism, is installed on longitudinal moving mechanism, for adjusting the distance of laser displacement sensor opposite piece measuring point in the horizontal direction；
Levelling gear, is installed on transverse moving mechanism, for regulating the laser beam glancing incidence workpiece measuring point that the attitude of laser displacement sensor makes it send；And
Laser displacement sensor, is installed on levelling gear, for measuring the workpiece measuring point distance to sensor.
Control centre, connect back to rotation mechanism respectively, longitudinal moving mechanism, transverse moving mechanism and laser displacement sensor, for controlling slew gear, longitudinal moving mechanism, the motion of transverse moving mechanism is to move laser displacement sensor to target location, it is received back to rotation mechanism, longitudinal moving mechanism, the positional information of the laser displacement sensor of transverse moving mechanism feedback, receive the range information between the workpiece measuring point of laser displacement sensor collection and sensor, the space coordinates obtaining measuring point is calculated in conjunction with the range information between the positional information of laser displacement sensor and workpiece measuring point and sensor.
Further, control centre includes motion control card and laser detection module, and laser detection module includes cad model and imports module, measuring point path planning module, measures parameter input module, data communication module and measured data processing module；
Cad model imports module, for importing the cad model of workpiece for measurement；
For the geological information according to cad model, measuring point path planning module, determines that measuring point is distributed, planning survey path, and then generates measurement instruction, sends measurement instruction to motion control card；
Measure parameter input module, for inputting the running parameter of laser displacement sensor；
Data communication module, for being received back to the positional information of the laser displacement sensor of rotation mechanism, longitudinal moving mechanism, transverse moving mechanism feedback, receives the range information between the workpiece measuring point of laser displacement sensor collection and sensor；
Measured data processing module, for calculating the space coordinates obtaining measuring point in conjunction with the range information between the positional information of laser displacement sensor and workpiece measuring point and sensor；
Motion control card, for receiving measurement instruction from measuring point path planning module, according to measurement instruction control slew gear, longitudinal moving mechanism, transverse moving mechanism motion to move laser displacement sensor to target location.
Further, described measurement parameter input module is additionally operable to the material information of input workpiece for measurement, and described measured data processing module is additionally operable to the incident angle according to the material information of workpiece for measurement and laser displacement sensor and the range information between the workpiece measuring point of laser displacement sensor collection and sensor is modified.
A kind of measuring method of huge revolving class workpiece inner wall size, particularly as follows:
Import the cad model of workpiece for measurement；
Determine that measuring point is distributed according to the geological information of cad model, planning survey path；
Laser displacement sensor is moved to target location according to measuring route；
Start laser displacement sensor, obtain the range information between workpiece measuring point and sensor；
The space coordinates obtaining measuring point is calculated in conjunction with the range information between the positional information of laser displacement sensor and workpiece measuring point and sensor.
In general, by the contemplated above technical scheme of the present invention compared with prior art, the present invention utilizes laser triangulation principle to determine the space coordinates of measuring point, and certainty of measurement is high；This device adopts installing rack to be placed on workpiece, it is achieved in-site measurement；This device can be automatically adjusted the laser displacement sensor distance to inwall according to the revolution concavo-convex degree of class workpiece inner wall, it is ensured that inwall is in the range ability of gauge head；This device can be used for huge revolving shell part scene and adds that the surplus in man-hour is estimated, the large-scale shell part that machines carries out quality evaluation and detect the abrasion in use of large-scale shell part, lose the defect distribution such as circle.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is measurement apparatus structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the workflow diagram of measurement apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is control centre's structure chart that the present invention measures system.
In all of the figs, identical accompanying drawing labelling is used for representing identical element or structure, wherein:
1-door frame 2-main spindle box 3-main shaft 4-travel mechanism 5-transverse arm 6-level(l)ing device 7-laser displacement sensor 8-base
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.As long as just can be mutually combined additionally, technical characteristic involved in each embodiment of invention described below does not constitute conflict each other.
The technical thought of the present invention is: the measurement of coordinates of point is based on laser triangulation principle, the laser beam projects that laser displacement sensor sends reflects to testee surface, by receiving reflection light, CCD element in sensor determines that the distance of sensor is arrived in measured point, determine the space coordinates of measuring point then in conjunction with the distance of the position of sensor and measuring point to sensor.
Based on above-mentioned technical thought, the invention provides the better embodiment (not limiting to which) of the field measurement apparatus of a kind of huge revolving class workpiece inner wall size, as it is shown in figure 1, this device includes portal frame 1, main spindle box 2, main shaft 3, longitudinal moving mechanism 4, transverse moving mechanism 5, levelling gear 6, laser displacement sensor 7 and base 8.
The bottom of main shaft 3 connects base 8, and the top of main shaft 3 connects main spindle box 2, and the middle part of main shaft 3 is provided with longitudinal moving mechanism 4, and longitudinal moving mechanism 4 connects levelling gear 6 by transverse moving mechanism 5, and levelling gear 6 is provided with laser displacement sensor 7；Main spindle box 2 is fixed on portal frame 1；
This Gantry measuring machines structure is arranged on huge revolving class workpiece, and base 8 is arranged on the workbench of bottom, for fixing and supports main shaft 3.Laser displacement sensor is point source laser displacement sensor.Main spindle box 2 and main shaft 3 constitute slew gear, drive laser displacement sensor 7 to turn round at horizontal plane.The bottom of main shaft connects base, and the top of main shaft connects main spindle box after installing the first grating scale, and main spindle box is installed on bracing frame.First grating scale adopts Circular gratings chi.Longitudinal moving mechanism 4 includes ball-screw, for the second servomotor driving ball-screw to rotate and for measuring the second grating scale vertically moving distance, ball-screw is installed in main shaft, second servomotor is installed in main spindle box, second grating scale is installed on main shaft 3, second driven by servomotor ball-screw drives laser displacement sensor 7 to move up and down at vertical plane, and the second grating scale gathers the longitudinal position information of laser displacement sensor 7.Transverse moving mechanism 5 includes transverse arm, rack and pinion drive mechanism, for driving the 3rd servomotor of transverse arm transversal stretching and for measuring the 3rd grating scale of lateral distance, transverse arm connects the 3rd servomotor by rack and pinion drive mechanism, transverse arm connects ball-screw by nut seat, rack and pinion drive mechanism and the 3rd servomotor are installed in mounting blocks, 3rd grating scale is installed on transverse arm, 3rd servomotor drives transverse arm transversal stretching by rack pinion machine, thus adjusting the distance of laser displacement sensor opposite piece measuring point in the horizontal direction.Second and three grating scale adopt long grating scale.Levelling gear includes leveling platform and adjusting nut, the upper surface of leveling platform is provided with laser displacement sensor, the lower surface of leveling platform is provided with adjusting nut, and the attitude regulating laser displacement sensor by rotating adjusting nut makes its laser beam glancing incidence workpiece measuring point sent.
When starting to measure, first pass through the ball-screw in main shaft 3 to adjust the position of laser displacement sensor 7 in the vertical direction, after arriving setting position, adjust moving left and right of transverse arm 5, make laser displacement sensor to the distance of inwall in suitable range ability, then pass through levelling gear 6 to finely tune, it is ensured that beating on inwall of laser beam level.Measurement is proceeded by after institutional adjustment is complete, first on computers revolution class part model is divided into some parts of circumferential sections vertically, take multiple point in the first-class sorting of each circumferential section simultaneously, laser displacement sensor is around main axis, the each point of one circumferential section is detected, the numerical value of corresponding point on cross section downloaded in record, then passes through ball-screw and trunnion axis moves to next circumferential section, then measure the point on cross section.
Apparatus of the present invention can adapt to the revolution class workpiece of various diameter, it is possible to the machining accuracy of slewing parts inner chamber is detected, it is also possible to circularity and abrasion condition are lost in detection.
Referring to Fig. 2, utilize process that above-mentioned measurement apparatus measures particularly as follows:
First workpiece cad model will be imported, the geometric properties of model the state of real-time display phantom is extracted after interpreted, translation, geological information planning survey path according to model and and the distribution of measuring point, generate measurement instruction, measure according to each driven by motor laser displacement sensor of measurement instruction control and measure device, calculate the space coordinates obtaining measuring point in conjunction with the range information between the positional information of laser displacement sensor and workpiece measuring point and sensor.After workpiece sensing, the threedimensional model that workpiece is actual is set up according to measuring coordinate figure, then corresponding with on archetype standard point compares and screens, and calculates the crudy parameter on the revolution each cross section of class workpiece, instructs processing and the reparation of workpiece with acquired results.
In the present invention, laser displacement sensor adopts helicoid measurement, and laser feeler is around main shaft gyration, and the Along ent circumferentially gone up gathers data, has then set up the realistic model of revolution class workpiece.This realistic model contrasts after mating with theoretical model, it can be deduced that the quality information of work pieces process, the inner wall abrasion information after using, mistake circularity information.
Based on above-mentioned measurement apparatus and measuring method, present invention also offers the measurement system of a kind of huge revolving class workpiece inner wall size, including above-mentioned measurement apparatus and control centre.Control centre includes motion control card and laser detection module, and laser detection module includes cad model and imports module, measuring point path planning module, measures parameter input module, data communication module and measured data processing module；
Cad model imports module, for importing the cad model of workpiece for measurement；
For the geological information according to cad model, measuring point path planning module, determines that measuring point is distributed, planning survey path, and then generates measurement instruction, sends measurement instruction to motion control card；
Measure parameter input module, for inputting the running parameter of laser displacement sensor；
Data communication module, for being received back to the positional information of the laser displacement sensor of rotation mechanism, longitudinal moving mechanism, transverse moving mechanism feedback, receives the range information between the workpiece measuring point of laser displacement sensor collection and sensor；
Measured data processing module, for calculating the space coordinates obtaining measuring point in conjunction with the range information between the positional information of laser displacement sensor and workpiece measuring point and sensor；
Motion control card, for receiving measurement instruction from measuring point path planning module, according to measurement instruction control slew gear, longitudinal moving mechanism, transverse moving mechanism motion to move laser displacement sensor to target location.
Preferably, described measurement parameter input module is additionally operable to the material information of input workpiece for measurement, described measured data processing module is additionally operable to be modified according to the range information between workpiece measuring point to laser displacement sensor collection of the material information of workpiece for measurement and laser displacement sensor incident angle and sensor, concrete modification method is as follows: the error that laser displacement sensor is measured different angles and unlike material by mode by experiment in advance carries out checking repeatedly, rendering error curve, the correction algorithm designing such as difference arithmetic is embedded in measured data processing module.Owing to the archetype of workpiece is it is known that laser beam incident angle on each measuring point is exactly known, the algorithm of design is utilized just can error to be modified so that revised measured value is as close as actual value.
Referring to Fig. 3, control centre, as the core of hardware platform, controls whole hardware platform so that measurement apparatus completes various functions.The laser detection module loading of control centre, on PC host computer, PC host computer connects motion control card.By grating scale feedack, control centre can be accurately controlled the motion of slew gear, longitudinal moving mechanism and transverse moving mechanism, and then realizes laser displacement sensor being accurately positioned in space.
Those skilled in the art will readily understand; the foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendment, equivalent replacement and improvement etc. made within the spirit and principles in the present invention, should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a measurement system for huge revolving class workpiece inner wall size, including measurement apparatus and control centre；
Described measurement apparatus includes
Base, for other parts of support arrangement；
Installing rack, for being installed on workpiece by device；
Slew gear, is installed between base and installing rack, is used for driving laser displacement sensor to turn round in the horizontal plane；
Longitudinal moving mechanism, is installed on slew gear, for adjusting the laser displacement sensor position at vertical direction；
Transverse moving mechanism, is installed on longitudinal moving mechanism, for adjusting the distance of laser displacement sensor opposite piece measuring point in the horizontal direction；
Levelling gear, is installed on transverse moving mechanism, for regulating the laser beam glancing incidence workpiece measuring point that the attitude of laser displacement sensor makes it send；And
Laser displacement sensor, is installed on levelling gear, for measuring the workpiece measuring point distance to sensor；
Described control centre, connect back to rotation mechanism respectively, longitudinal moving mechanism, transverse moving mechanism and laser displacement sensor, for controlling slew gear, longitudinal moving mechanism, the motion of transverse moving mechanism is to move laser displacement sensor to target location, it is received back to rotation mechanism, longitudinal moving mechanism, the positional information of the laser displacement sensor of transverse moving mechanism feedback, receive the range information between the workpiece measuring point of laser displacement sensor collection and sensor, the space coordinates obtaining measuring point is calculated in conjunction with the range information between the positional information of laser displacement sensor and workpiece measuring point and sensor；
Described control centre includes motion control card and laser detection module, and laser detection module includes cad model and imports module, measuring point path planning module, measures parameter input module, data communication module and measured data processing module；
Cad model imports module, for importing the cad model of workpiece for measurement；
For the geological information according to cad model, measuring point path planning module, determines that measuring point is distributed, planning survey path, and then generates measurement instruction, sends measurement instruction to motion control card；
Measure parameter input module, for inputting the running parameter of laser displacement sensor；
Data communication module, for being received back to the positional information of the laser displacement sensor of rotation mechanism, longitudinal moving mechanism, transverse moving mechanism feedback, receives the range information between the workpiece measuring point of laser displacement sensor collection and sensor；
Measured data processing module, for calculating the space coordinates obtaining measuring point in conjunction with the range information between the positional information of laser displacement sensor and workpiece measuring point and sensor；
Motion control card, for receiving measurement instruction from measuring point path planning module, according to measurement instruction control slew gear, longitudinal moving mechanism, transverse moving mechanism motion to move laser displacement sensor to target location.
2. the measurement system of huge revolving class workpiece inner wall size according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described slew gear include main spindle box, main shaft, for pivotal first servomotor of drive shaft and for measuring the first grating scale of angle of revolution；The bottom of main shaft connects base, and the top of main shaft connects main spindle box after installing the first grating scale, and main spindle box is installed on bracing frame；
Described longitudinal moving mechanism includes ball-screw, for the second servomotor driving ball-screw to rotate and the second grating scale vertically moving distance being rotarily driven generation for Laser Measurement sensor by ball-screw, ball-screw is installed in main shaft, second servomotor is installed in main spindle box, and the second grating scale is installed on main shaft；
Described transverse moving mechanism include transverse arm, rack and pinion drive mechanism, for driving the 3rd servomotor of transverse arm transversal stretching and for measuring the 3rd grating scale of transversal stretching distance, transverse arm connects the 3rd servomotor by rack and pinion drive mechanism, transverse arm connects ball-screw by mounting blocks, rack and pinion drive mechanism and the 3rd servomotor are installed in mounting blocks, and the 3rd grating scale is installed on transverse arm.
3. the measurement system of huge revolving class workpiece inner wall size according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described levelling gear includes leveling platform and adjusting nut, and the upper surface of leveling platform is provided with laser displacement sensor, and the lower surface of leveling platform is provided with adjusting nut.
4. the measurement system of the huge revolving class workpiece inner wall size according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that described laser displacement sensor is point source laser displacement sensor.
5. the measurement system of huge revolving class workpiece inner wall size according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described measurement parameter input module is additionally operable to the material information of input workpiece for measurement, and described measured data processing module is additionally operable to the incident angle according to the material information of workpiece for measurement and laser displacement sensor and the range information between the workpiece measuring point of laser displacement sensor collection and sensor is modified.
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| 回转类零件CAD/I-CAPP集成专家***研究;罗小燕等;《机械设计与制造》;20071031(第10期);第67-69页 * |
| 大型回转类零件形位误差测量***的研究;罗小燕等;《机械设计与制造》;20100731(第7期);第108-109页 * |
| 激光非接触式大尺寸内径自动测量***;赵士磊等;《红外与激光工程》;20120831;第41卷(第8期);第2185-2191页 * |
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