CN103306419A - Anti-seismic energy-saving interlocking building block - Google Patents
Anti-seismic energy-saving interlocking building block Download PDFInfo
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- CN103306419A CN103306419A CN201310253310XA CN201310253310A CN103306419A CN 103306419 A CN103306419 A CN 103306419A CN 201310253310X A CN201310253310X A CN 201310253310XA CN 201310253310 A CN201310253310 A CN 201310253310A CN 103306419 A CN103306419 A CN 103306419A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-seismic energy-saving interlocking building block which is of a new block type of a small concrete hollow building block and is characterized in that three interlocking schemes and three heat insulation schemes are provided and can be selected or combined for use. Concave interlocking key grooves are formed in upper and lower planes of a block body wall, so that mortar joint interlocking can be formed; a U-shaped groove is formed in a block body to serve as a hidden beam die cavity, so that core-penetrating beam interlocking can be formed; a groove opening is formed in the upper half part of a block body rib to form a transverse channel and a vertical hole so as to form a reinforced masonry which is filled with transverse and vertical steel concrete, can bear a load and does not need to be dismounted, so that each building block and steel concrete of a beam column, a foundation, a floor and a roof can form building interlocking; aluminum foils are oppositely adhered to the wall surfaces in a hole cavity unfilled with concrete, so that a sandwich insulation layer with an air interlayer can be formed; a positioning groove is formed in the upper half part of the air interlayer, a heat insulation plate is inserted into the groove for dividing the hole cavity, so that a plate insertion insulation effect is formed; an aluminum foil is adhered to the outer side surface of the block body, so that a fireproof seepage-proofing external heat insulation effect is formed. The anti-seismic energy-saving interlocking building block can meet different energy-saving requirements all over China, can further resist a violent earthquake without collapse, enables people to be warm in winter and cool in summer, and guarantees the safety of people.
Description
(1) technical field:
This earthquake-proof energy-saving chained block is the new piece type of coagulation ± small-sized hollow building block (being called for short little building block), belongs to the composite wall body material of load bearing wall infilled wall.
(2) background technology:
Since the reform and opening-up; for promoting national economy sustainable development and preserving the ecological environment; government takes progressively to limit and bans use of up to now the loam brick measure of producing; the countryization huge fund has been bought the most efficient state-of-the-art little block machine and complete set technology and equipment from American-European Japan simultaneously; ordinary concrete is adopted in various places; the various material prescriptions such as light aggregate concrete; produced large batch of little building block; single row of holes is arranged; double-row hole; many rounds piece type; nation-building authorities have have also developed and published the national standard of " Small Concrete Hollow Block Building tecnical regulations " and Related product; formed the complete building system of complete sets of Techniques, it has become the leading materials for wall of China.At the turn of the century during the little building block multistoried housing construction of national large-scale promotion, the drawbacks such as body of wall splits, oozes, heat appear, little building block load bearing wall multi-storey building 4,500,000 square meters have been built in Shanghai City continuously, the result has generality and regular crack, because it is more that quality problems are complained, local authorities are announced, the little building block building of bearing system is advanced no longer on a large scale.It and then all dare not be used again in a lot of provinces and regions, the whole nation, it is difficult that building block factory subsists, have to change mould and do solid concrete brick according to the common brick specification, country is to the requirement of building energy conservation, from last century energy-conservation 30%, new century requires energy-conservation 50%, Beijing-Shanghai Hangzhoupro requires to reach energy-conservation 65%, last year, Beijing proposed to want energy-conservation 75%, energy-conservation requirement progressively improves, western China recurs violent earthquake in recent years, and people's lives and properties are sustained losses severely, so the reliable earthquake-proof energy-saving of high-quality and economical and practical new walling are badly in need of in the construction of various places and post-disaster reconstruction especially.New edition " Small Concrete Hollow Block Building tecnical regulations " JGJ/T14-2011 issues enforcement, has pointed out direction for little building block development, has increased multilayer, high-rise built with ribbed bricks design of architecture and construction requirement in the rules newly; With multinomial technology such as composite heat insulation block wall body structure design and construction requirements; The technical foundation that this two aspect is arranged, reinforced masonry and heat-preserving wall are combined together, naturally be the requirement of economic technology development, meet the earthquake-proof energy-saving requirement and can build the novel little building block of multilayer and high-rise heat-preserving building, always promote to some extent improving construction quality, 15 layers of 18 layers of needs of metropolitan highrise building are the thick little building block of 19cm, fill with reinforced concrete, the multistory building of so a large amount of small and medium-sized cities there is no need the building block that 19cm is thick in this building below seven layers again and fills steel concrete, reduce the thickness of armored concrete, being used for doing insulation layer wouldn't be to make the best of both worlds, and this composite block just in time satisfies the needs of Urbanization Construction; Simultaneously also can be applicable to the highrise building upper floor, the building block that this arrangement of reinforcement is incubated again has the vast market demand in China's Urbanization Construction.
(3) summary of the invention:
The purpose of invention earthquake-proof energy-saving chained block, will be with the theory of science, draw the useful enlightenment of various places wall reform, create a kind of novel little building block that adapts to Chinese practice, the drawbacks such as little building block building splits, oozes, heat that it can effectively overcome can be resisted violent earthquake to assure the safety for life and property of the people, can adapt to again China's energy-conservation requirement in Different climate region, vast north and south, reach inhabitation cool in summer and warm in winter, anti-shock robustness can not collapse, and economical and practical compound new walling.
Technical scheme of the present invention is by improving the wall rib structure of existing little building block, form with the aluminium foil of selecting the complex reflex thermal insulation, its feature have three kinds of chain and three kinds of thermal isolation technique schemes can for select and and: one, horizontal mortar joint is chain to be the chain keyway that upper lower plane centering that up and down optical plane with wall (comprising the interior partition parallel with wall) changes wall into is opened matrix, but can not be open-minded with both sides inside and outside the wall, guarantee that lower limb is perfect on the bar face, can drive the vertically wide dark and chain keyway of narrow shallow alternate slub type along the up and down planar central of wall, or drive the chain keyway of laterally being separated by side by side, and open vertical ash-pit at the both ends of the surface center of wall, mortar joint all wants tight full anyhow; Two, the punching beam is chain is that round in double-row hole piece type (inboard) round of special use or the three round piece types is re-established as U-shaped groove, the U-shaped groove of same specification piece type mutually docks formation punching beam the concrete die cavity of bar pouring grout is set, this reinforcing bar will be connected anchoring with the embedded bar of end constructional column about body of wall or upright of frame, and irrigation hole concrete, namely be formed in and establish dark beam reinforcing wall in the body of wall, U-shaped groove two-port can be established step and be reinforced; Three, building integral is chain to be exactly single row of holes piece type with the chain special use of integral body, double-row hole piece type (inboard) round, the rib first half otch of round forms transverse passage-way in the piece in the three round piece types, rib is high to have reduced by half into half rib, it and vertical hole consist of together the combined wall template that bar pouring grout concrete anyhow need not be dismantled are set within the walls, steel concrete and beam column are all used in the little building block of each piece of whole building, ground, steel concrete integral body of the chain one-tenth of the comprehensive comprehensive anchoring of building roof, just become the roughly the same NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE bearing wall of reinforced masonry, but this round end face of not establishing within the walls steel concrete be cut off with plate can not spillage, and spillage namely can affect the effect of sandwich insulating herein; The body of wall that building integral is chain, should open clean out in foundation the first skin building block by the rules requirement, the window that is connected up and down colligation as foreign material in the cleaning hole and the joint bar of being connected and longitudinal reinforcement, certainly finishing after these two work will can not spillage with the clean out sealing, three round piece types also need be opened two-layer clean out, should process with insulation in the piece is same during the clean out sealing, the reinforcing bars building block body of wall has been arranged, there is constructional column to connect longitudinal cross wall by rules wall end, adds again reinforced concrete soil floor floor roof panel and interconnect earthquake proof construction with regard to complete; Four, be not establish this round of steel concrete with the sandwich heat-insulation and heat-preservation of the aluminium foil of air space, the first half of rib is also opened same notch, also formed transverse passage-way, rib is (cold) heat bridge, cut off half and also become half rib, strengthen thermal resistance and improved self heat preservation and insulation, again wall with interior between the relative two sides of wall paste aluminium foil, namely consist of with the sandwich heat-insulation and heat-preservation composite bearing wall of the aluminium foil of air space, the severe cold area exterior wall can be done dual heat-insulation and heat-preservation by inside and outside two rounds with three round piece types, and an inboard round is also provided convenience for the concealed installation pipeline; Five, vestibule interpolation thermal insulation slab heat-insulation and heat-preservation is not establish this round of steel concrete, the first half of rib can be driven vertical locating slot, thermal insulation slab at locating slot interpolation aluminium foil veneer is separated vestibule, the base material of thermal insulation slab should adopt the polystyrol plastic foam plate that meets the fire-fighting national standard, its gabarite should be (it is loose that block length adds mortar joint) and takes advantage of (piece high add mortar joint loose), thickness and the locating slot of thermal insulation slab match, thermal insulation slab plate face is wanted gap and the thick phase embedding of locating slot bottom land rib, guarantee that thermal insulation slab is inserted into location, block baseplane, and make up and down joint close between adjacent panels; Six, outer heat insulation is exactly directly to paste aluminium foil at block (outside) bar face, just becomes the composite lead-bearing walling of fire prevention antiseepage outer heat insulation; The setting of every round half rib of block: grout arrangement of reinforcement layer adopts piece termination, half rib, two hole, three roads groove cavities structure, and to sweep the buccal mass type consistent with the opening or cleaning of rules appointment, is convenient to longitudinal reinforcement and is connected colligation with vertical joint bar and fixes; Sandwich heat preservation and thermal insulation slab separate air interbed with the face-to-face clad aluminum foil of air space make rib into twice half rib structure, reduce heat bridge and improve block self heat-insulating property; Grout arrangement of reinforcement layer also can be re-established as half hole, both sides, the middle hole of twice half rib, can be on body of wall the first elongated vertical reinforcement of pre-buried spacing 400mm, the building block of then this two ends being established half hole is embedded between two vertical reinforcements builds upper wall by laying bricks or stones, the method that the vertical straight joint of this employing is built by laying bricks or stones, instruct engineering by local rules, also having several successful to implement precedent, also is a kind of effective construction method; Many rounds block is heavier, can be with high 140mm or the 90mm of reducing to of piece; Establish reinforcing bar concrete placing Laminate construction thickness in the thickening block, namely can be applicable to the middle-high building body of wall; Above various types all are the main piece types of the compound little building block of external wall, use at interior wall and can not paste the slotting thermal insulation slab of aluminium foil, but can be used as pipeline passage are installed; Above-mentioned series structure feature forms the protection domain of independent claims.The supporting length of still needing when building a wall is 3/4,1/4,1/2 type, and width changes piece type thin or that widen, and its structure is all consistent with main piece type and can mutually be connected, and namely this no longer describes in detail.Be to adapt to elevator staircase in the building, the special supporting needs of reinforcing of bottom wall, admittedly will also be listed in wherein without the single row of holes piece type of sandwich insulating, but it also the bar face paste aluminium foil and be used for exterior wall and become the outer heat insulation composite wall material.
The available benefit of the invention process is as follows:
1, vertical hole has been opened in little building block, and reduce the slurry surface slurry surface, and the mortar joint adhesion stress can significantly descend, and every little building block is expanded with heat and contract with cold, and moisture expansion and drying shrinkage can cause that all the block two ends are to the breathing displacement of block center.The centering fissure of displacement is built by laying bricks or stones, will form the rule of the little building block breathing of hypodermis opposite direction, adhesion stress is little will concentrate and weakness is pulled out the crack at wall stress, improve the tension shearing resistance and must about the little wall of original friction factor, drive chain keyway by optical plane, after mortar embedding matrix keyway solidifies when building by laying bricks or stones, equal to have imbedded uniformly positioning key at horizontal mortar joint, these keys can limit the little building block relative displacement of hypodermis, this groove that newly increases and key positive mechanical restraint forces have been arranged, can capture concrete block wall crack difficulty.Building block is arranged, and mortar joint is chain up and down, for adding the agglomerate body thermal resistance, opens transverse passage-way at rib and drives locating slot, still can stablize for the load-carrying members of wall to provide safeguard.
2, at the chain larger body of wall of area of above-mentioned employing horizontal mortar joint, have that internal and external factor need to be at the body of wall internal reinforcement, the punching beam can be added again chain, but the punching beam steel must be connected anchoring with constructional column or the upright of frame embedded bar at wall two ends, above-mentioned two kinds of chain and usefulness, it is perfectly safe to protect.
3, building integral is chain to be really to have brought into play the hollow technical advantage of little building block, it is load bearing wall, one deck cavity has consisted of the reinforced masonry that does not need form removal with steel bar concrete reinforcement therein again, it makes little building block plain concrete fragility material, escalate into the hard and soft toughness material of taking into account, realize that fragility is to the body of wall of toughness qualitative change, it has ready-made notch, the dedicated building block with the function seam than appointment in the rules is easy to use, it needn't knock while building notch open, show from the earthquake calamity, should conscientiously not re-use precast floor slab, the reinforcing bar of must being connected with cast-in-situ steel reinforced concrete floor floor roof panel connects anchoring, consists of the chain house of building integral that the steel concrete hexahedron supports mutually, it structurally is the most reasonable science, according to local requirements for fortification against earthquake and relevant regulations design and construction, the chain house of the building integral that so builds up guarantees that building aseismicity does not fall apart, do not collapse, can save the people life property safety from damage in earthquake disaster, benefit is just self-evident.This is the engineering of insuring for the descendants.
4, building energy conservation has been state plans, the vestibule of concrete placing does not keep the loss of weight space to have transformed air space aluminium foil sandwich heat preservation layer into is function upgrading in block, and it does not increase thickness of wall body, but can reduce unit weight, play heat-insulation and heat-preservation and save the energy consumption effect, and price is the cheapest.Being applied to aluminium foil architectural is that its advantage wood property determines, be separated by around the jet pipe of jet fighter high temperature flame flame 10 centimetres be exactly fuel tank, adopt aluminium foil heat insulation therebetween, technology reliably undoubtedly; Aluminium foil is applied in cool in summer and warm in winter within the walls, found afterwards in more than 40 year, pull down aluminium foil and detect heat-proof quality result and the basic identical no change of new aluminium foil, Hangzhou industrial building design institute is in the constant temperature engineering, it is fine that the freezer engineering is used the aluminium foil heat insulation and preservation effect, even in staff quarters construction pilot, use aluminium foil and compare test in the identical Unit two of adjacent area structure, one of them unit from roof system to common brick wall interlayer and curtain all use individual layer aluminium foil heat-insulation and heat-preservation, automatically the Record Comparison testing result is to have reduced 5-5.5 ℃ midsummer, high 7.3-8.5 ℃ of severe winter, other heat insulating materials of the cost ratio of aluminium foil are all low, be because aluminium foil thin light again (thickness is less than 0.01 millimeter, and every square meter weighs 27 grams, 1 kilogram has 37 square meter areas), China's aluminium foil production capacity is large, and the aluminium ore reserve is also large, really Heaven blessing, recently CCTV announces all production capacity surpluses of national steel iron cement electrolytic aluminium in 2012, therefore adopt the aluminium foil heat-insulation and heat-preservation, multiplex chained block builds a house, and brings benefit to the people also can promote the national economy balance to accelerate development in order.
(4) description of drawings:
Fig. 1,2 is top view, lateral view and the broken section that GB piece type lower plane on wall is set up the chain keyway of slub type.
Fig. 3,4 recommends double-row hole piece type to set up top view, lateral view and the broken section of the chain keyway of slub type for the Shanghai-Hangzhou is local.
Fig. 5 is that Shanghai recommends three round piece types to set up the top view of the chain keyway of slub type.
Fig. 6,7,8 is that double-row hole (row's three roads half rib armored concrete a, row has air space twice half rib aluminium foil sandwich heat preservation) wall is set up up and down the chain keyway of type of laterally being separated by side by side, and the piece type is faced, side-looking, top view.
Fig. 9 is (aluminium foil coverlay plastic foamboard) thermal insulation slab elevation.
Figure 10,11 is double-row hole (row three roads half rib armored concrete, row's twice half rib locating slot is inserted thermal insulation slab) piece type side-looking, top view.
To be that double-row hole (a deploying reinforced concrete one row has air space aluminium foil sandwich heat preservation) piece type is counter build on wall anyhow that reinforcing bar arranges schematic diagram to Figure 12.
Overlook, lateral view by the piece type for double-row hole (the outer bar face of a deploying reinforced concrete one row's back cover pastes aluminium foil) for Figure 13,14.
Overlook, lateral view by horizontal mortar joint interlock block type for double-row hole (row establishes punching beam one row's two through hole three ribs) for Figure 15,16.
Figure 17,18,19 is that face, side-looking, top view by 390 * 240 * 190 (millimeter) piece type for three rounds (middle deploying reinforced concrete both sides row have air space aluminium foil sandwich heat preservation).Many rounds block is heavier, can be with high 140mm or the 90mm of reducing to of piece.
Figure 20 is three rounds (middle row establishes punching beam both sides row and establishes aluminium foil sandwich heat preservation and concealed installation pipeline) piece type lateral views.
Figure 21 is that three rounds are widened piece type (middle deploying reinforced concrete both sides row has air space aluminium foil sandwich heat preservation) bottom view.
Figure 22 is double-row hole (row's establishing reinforced concrete one row is provided with air space aluminium foil sandwich heat preservation) piece type bottom view.
In the accompanying drawing: 1 is chain keyway (comprising matrix, vertical slub type, the type of laterally being separated by side by side); 2 is U-shaped groove; 3 is notch; 4 is half rib; 5 is transverse passage-way; 6 is aluminium foil; 7 is the thermal insulation slab locating slot; 8 is (aluminium foil coverlay plastic foamboard) thermal insulation slab; 9 are vertical reinforcement (being longitudinal reinforcement); 10 are lacing wire (lateral tie); 11 is horizontal reinforcement; 12 is the step of U-shaped groove port; 13 is (up/down perforation) hole; 14 is the breach with half rib thickness phase embedding; 15 is groove (cavity); 16 is vertical ash-pit; 17 is (back cover) hole; 18 is half hole.
Details are as follows by reference to the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1,2 is national standard piece type, the present invention goes out the longitudinally chain keyway of slub type of matrix in the upper lower plane mold pressing of wall, build by laying bricks or stones by the hypodermis centering fissure of displacement on the rules, after masonry mortar embedding keyway solidifies, just evenly imbedded positioning key at horizontal mortar joint, this positive mechanical restraint forces that newly increases has been arranged, the chain realization of horizontal mortar joint, the wall body slit difficulty can be captured.Fig. 3,4 is the local piece type of recommending in Shanghai-Hangzhou, set up the chain keyway of slub type, block is consistent with national standard to be 390 * 190 * 190 (millimeters), Fig. 5 (Shanghai) piece type is 390 * 240 * 190 (millimeters), two kinds of ground diamond types all are the hole back covers, the characteristics that oneself is arranged are with consistent may be used of chain keyway function.Fig. 6,7, the 8th, double-row hole is used for the main piece type of the building of load bearing wall below five layers, wall belongs to up and down the chain keyway of laterally being separated by side by side, an inboard row arrangement is steel concrete anyhow, the outside one row is the aluminium foil sandwich heat preservation layer that air space is arranged, aluminium foil just posts in building block factory, first build the building block that a skin is opened clean out at foundation when building by laying bricks or stones by rules, set horizontal reinforcement by designing requirement plane in building block, and complete mortar, again with building block notch (transverse passage-way) down, instead build on horizontal reinforcement, the anti-block of a skin one skin like this, and add horizontal reinforcement by plan, build the wall top by laying bricks or stones, press again plan and push up the hole of upper appointment to the vertical longitudinal reinforcement of hole interpolation from wall, be inserted at the bottom of the hole, the vertical joint bar that stretches out with collar tie beam overlaps colligation at clean out, cleaning hole rear enclosed clean out, reinforcing bar all will be by the rules requirement with after building beam column be connected anchoring anyhow, press again operating provision irrigation hole concrete, just can realize that building integral is chain.Thermal insulation slab base material shown in Figure 9 all will insert locating slot and separate vestibule with the plastic foamboard that meets the fire-fighting requirement behind the aluminium foil coverlay, two-sided have an air space, and insulation effect is good, the processing easy construction.Figure 10,11 belongs to the sandwich heat preservation preferred option that thermal insulation slab is separated vestibule.Figure 12 be double-row hole piece type anti-build upper wall anyhow reinforcing bar schematic diagram is set.Figure 13,14 directly pastes aluminium foil at the bar face, and the inboard is widened the one row's back cover load-bearing of the armored concrete outside and is applicable to the multistory building exterior wall.Figure 15, the 16th secretly sets the piece type of punching beam reinforcing wall in the infilled wall, this piece type with U-shaped groove all can not instead be built, only have and just build U-shaped groove and can establish upward cast-in-place punching beam reinforcing wall, it can be gone up the hypodermis centering fissure of displacement with the piece type that double-row hole three ribs are provided with chain keyway and be connected chain, this two kinds of piece types and with realizing the chain and chain dual fail-safe of horizontal mortar joint of punching beam.Figure 17,18, the 19th, body of wall is thickeied three round piece types to 240 millimeters, the both sides vestibule is with between twice half rib drawknot wall, compare with tradition one row two holes three ribs, heat bridge cuts off 2/3rds, namely strengthen thermal resistance and improve self heat preservation and insulation, middle round and rules physical block type are established two holes of three roads, half rib equally has larger width as the armored concrete deck, easy construction is reliable, both sides row all can be used as face-to-face subsides aluminium foil and air space arranged, better heat preservation, building in the north of the applicable cold of exterior wall so, its inboard round also has transverse passage-way, for concealed pipe and line is provided convenience within the walls, the pipe laying that need not to slot is filled up metope again, can not paste aluminium foil as the load-bearing internal partition wall, the concealed installation pipeline all is convenient in the wall both sides, the up and down complete matching load-bearing of its four road wall, there is again the armored concrete structure to guarantee that building integral is good, violent earthquake can not cave in yet again, it has not been the general load bearing wall that brick assembles, it has been six stereochemical structures that mutual drawknot supports mutually that add lid and bottom around the reinforced concrete, stay in the inside safety perfectly safe also cool in summer and warm in winter, six, seven layers multistory building load bearing wall and high-rise reinforcing bars building block building top floor adopt it optimum.Figure 20 establishes punching beam piece type in being, can be used for frame construction infilled wall horizontal mortar joint chained block wall reinforcement position, and the punching beam steel must be connected anchoring with the two ends column.Figure 21 looks schematic diagram at the bottom of the 240 mm wide block arrangement of reinforcement relative positions, first complete mortar at hypodermis building block slurry surface during operation, place horizontal reinforcement by designing requirement, again with little building block bottom surface transverse passage-way anti-the block above horizontal reinforcement down up, make the grout concrete along transverse passage-way and the hole unblocked gap of not boxing out anyhow, an integral body is all filled with in every little building block on the wall, realize that building integral is chain.Figure 22 looks reinforcing bar at the bottom of the 190 mm wide double-row hole piece types schematic diagram is set, and reduces by a round chamber than Figure 21 piece type, the half rib setting of sandwich heat preservation layer twice, heat bridge cuts off half, and block self thermal resistance strengthens, and heat-insulation and heat-preservation is better, building block factory just with piece in aluminium foil post easy construction; Grout arrangement of reinforcement layer is both sides, a hole half pore structure in the middle of twice half rib among the figure, be convenient to building wall between the vertical reinforcement of 400mm spacing by laying bricks or stones, also establish transverse passage-way in the piece, in have between horizontal reinforcement and the concrete ditch via holes, so adopting vertical same seam (being vertical straight joint) builds by laying bricks or stones, technical also is reliable, and existing many successes precedent, western Hunan several engineering practice has stood the time test, all obtains good economic and social profit, adopt vertical building by laying bricks or stones with seam can not open clean out, vertical vertical elongated reinforcing bar does not need to overlap up and down reinforcing bar, anyhow directly colligation accurate positioning of reinforcing bar again first, and can establish double reinforcing bar and improve mechanical property of masonry, but also water vibrated concrete while building, omnidistance in lower construction directly perceived, construction quality is reliably guaranteed.The above-mentioned sandwich heat preservation layer that air space is arranged should arrange drain hole at the floor bearing surface by the rules requirement.Above several drawings all indicate the outer heat insulation building block that the bar face pastes aluminium foil, according to user's needs before delivery, it is convenient feasible that block bar face is posted aluminium foil, yet aluminium foil exposed face together with the mortar joint beam column floor roofing of interblock after building block is built into wall pastes aluminium foil, most economical also is feasible, the exterior wall of this external reflectance pastes aluminium foil outer heat insulation technology, wide geographic area exterior wall optimum and the most effective outer provision for thermal insulation of Xia Redong cold-peace hot summer and warm winter zone, this also is the technical measures that meet national sector standard " Small Concrete Hollow Block Building tecnical regulations " requirement of The Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China, MOC's issue, the building operations of aluminium foil veneer is easy to maintenance, having metallic luster does not seep water, can keep for a long time silvery white true qualities, if needing to decorate to utilize Treatment Solution to obtain various beautiful colors, even can be processed into the variable color aluminium foil, can automatically change surface color and polish with direction of illumination and pedestrian's change in location, architectural decoration be got bright and glittering.
(5) specific embodiment:
The enforcement of this invention is a system engineering that involves a wide range of knowledge, be related to all sectors of society, list is discussed from professional technical elements, the first step just must have special-purpose forming machine and mould, because existing forming machine both domestic and external all doubles as bed die with supporting plate and produces little building block, produce the earthquake-proof energy-saving chained block, must set up a cover liftable bed die at existing forming machine, simultaneously framed and top board are also transformed accordingly, purpose is exactly at the chain keyway of the upper and lower surface matrix place of forming blocks body wall punch to be set, new die (comprising new framed new pressing plate) has been arranged and set up a forming machine that overlaps the liftable bed die, just can produce the earthquake-proof energy-saving chained block, this part technological transformation, as long as having the machine making factory of Machine Design and manufacturing capacity can finish, clad aluminum foil needs behind the little block forming to go secondary operations with adhesive again, there has been product can carry out necessary test, the requirement that is up to state standards, can organize batch production, designing institute can be according to the seismic fortification intensity of locality, energy-conservation thermal property requirement, and by national standard " building structure RELIABILITY DESIGN unified standard " safe class regulation, design is applied to construction work, when design alternative earthquake-proof energy-saving chained block piece type, must strictly defer to scientific principles, ensure rational nargin, ancients' vallum grade wind and rain that builds a house, not that prevailing condition is limit with steel, nowadays building high room also wants antidetonation to guarantee not collapse, this must not with the absolute province in steel place, the national steel production capacity was superfluous in 2012, economize excessive just stay hidden danger misfortune and descendant, so will design and construct for descendants's highly responsible theory that ensures safety with project of vital and lasting importance is perfectly safe; Energy-saving application: it is once to invest permanent being benefited, so standard is answered for up not for down, the cold severe cold area in the north, exterior wall is used three round piece types, can do inside and outside double layer sandwich insulation, the most handy insertion of one row two sides, the outside is pasted the foam insulation of aluminium foil and is separated vestibule, and an inboard row pastes aluminium foil face-to-face, and air space still can be made pipeline passage is installed; Xia Redong cold-peace hot summer and warm winter region can with three rounds or double-row hole piece type, only need the outside one row to do sandwich heat preservation; Done above-mentioned sandwich heat preservation, also should be by the national standard requirement, the exposed face of beam column building roof is done insulation to be processed, the easiest method namely is that whole building is pasted one deck aluminium foil outward, this also is to meet the measure that rules require, need make the plug-in dry method of decoration panel (protecting plate such as sieve) that still can adopt of building external decoration and assemble construction processing, but should keep air space optimization heat preservation and insulation between aluminium foil composite wall surface and link plate; Antidetonation is used: make infilled wall in framed building, only need at body of wall periphery beam column built-in fitting to be set and to be connected anchoring with the punching beam steel, can reinforce and to provide convenience secretly setting within the walls beam column, the chain keyway of horizontal mortar joint upper and lower surface, must be when building by laying bricks or stones fill up with mortar and strike off, then use special-purpose 400mm mortar joint shaping mould, filling up mortar in the mould strikes off on every the wall that tips upside down on slurry surface, building by laying bricks or stones of perps also is each bar wall end face ash-pit of perps both sides to be filled up with mortar to strike off first, with block end faces to be built up, with 190mm mortar joint shaping mould, strike off and tip upside down on behind every wall end face of building block filling up mortar in the mould, this building block could be built upper wall, and afterburning compacted mortar joint mortar, careful operation like this could be starched in not blank not drop, guarantees that mortar joint is tight full anyhow, and drop is starched discontentedly again, chain function could be secure, only have workman's ability operation on duty of grasping rigorous operation through training, have the chain punching beam that adds of horizontal mortar joint chain, dual chain infilled wall quality is naturally reliable; In multistory building, use building integral chain, to have given full play to the hollow peculiar advantage of little building block fully, as adopt three round piece types to build a wall, it is the load bearing wall of four road wall consistencies from top to bottom, fill with steel concrete in a middle round chamber, make that whole wall is chain to be integral, and connect to six solid spaces of mutual support by cast-in-place collar tie beam, constructional column, floor, floor, roof panel, with the little building block of plain concrete of fragility, promoting becomes the reinforced masonry building of the moistureproof steel concrete toughness of energy heat-insulation and heat-preservation sound insulation.The chain building of this integral body is built the little building block of the first skin by rules by laying bricks or stones from foundation, should there be the body of wall inboard of vertical reinforcement hole to open clean out at plan, and be that clean out is prepared cover plate, three round piece types also will be opened two-layer clean out, could be with dried the striving of cleaning at the bottom of the middle round, also the hole is firm with the vertical joint bar connection colligation that longitudinal reinforcement is connected with collar tie beam whereby, to use the cover closure clean out after finishing the cleaning colligation, guarantee that cover plate can spillage when the irrigation hole concrete, the cover plate of three round piece types has two-layer, lid surface should equally with block need be pasted can not lacking of aluminium foil, building the anyhow mortar joint of a skin one skin by laying bricks or stones all will build by laying bricks or stones by above-mentioned ad hoc approach tight full, and by designing requirement placement horizontal reinforcement, when treating that the mortar set strength reaches 1Mpa on the wall, ability irrigation hole concrete, and need use first the identical cement mortar grouting 50mm of composition rebasing, then the grout concrete is wanted continuous pouring, the layering tamping, water till the 50mm of wall top, staying the 50mm space waters with collar tie beam, the rigorous operation purpose of each link is to make all reinforcing bars of whole building to connect up and down, and node all will connect anchoring reliably not stay hidden danger to consist of building integral reliable and secure anyhow.How how mortar joint shaping mould above-mentioned, clean out and cover plate are opened covers, little exquisite tips is arranged, mishandling meeting goes out burden, entrust building block factory can unify to settle, handled well, easy to operate quality is guaranteed, can rigorous motive operate at little place, and all linked with one another could the guarantee facilitated meddlesome major issue.Vertical same seam has been built a lot of benefits by laying bricks or stones, just there are indivedual clauses inconsistent with national sector standard current edition regulation, yet but there is provincial standard to support in some areas, be the adaptable area characteristics, the earthquake-proof energy-saving chained block appropriately adjusts at grout arrangement of reinforcement layer, also be to have complied with regional era development needs, be promote the building block building quality improvement, satisfy the people and make the life better and require also to be worth.
The year two thousand twenty China people under the leadership of Communist Party of China, will stride forward moderately well-off happy life, unite like one man and deeply inspired, The people are filled with enthusiasm for the children and old men, as the devotion to the people, implementing the Application and Development of earthquake-proof energy-saving chained block, is the huge engineering of benefiting people of all nationalities, in this dream, the thin gesture of individual manpower is single insignificant, but in the 18 large great historical trends that continue deeply to reform and open up to the outside world, may obtain in vast town and country the common recognition of each side, adhere in force the forward position of going down to the grass-roots units, fair cooperation, create the mode of sharing benefit, bring into play surely the enthusiasm of each side's maximum, this good thing with Chinese characteristics is run well surely.
Claims (1)
1. this project earthquake-proof energy-saving chained block is the new piece type of concrete small size hollow building block, the composite wall body material that belongs to the load bearing wall infilled wall, its feature have three kinds of chain and three kinds of thermal isolation technique schemes can for select and and: one, horizontal mortar joint is chain to be the chain keyway (1) that upper lower plane centering that up and down optical plane with wall (comprising the interior partition parallel with wall) changes wall into is opened matrix, but can not be open-minded with both sides inside and outside the wall, guarantee that lower limb is perfect on the bar face, can drive vertical wide dark and narrow shallow alternate chain keyway of slub type (1) or drive the chain keyway (1) of laterally being separated by side by side along the up and down planar central of wall, and open vertical ash-pit (16) at the both ends of the surface center of wall, mortar joint all wants tight full anyhow; Two, the punching beam is chain is that round in double-row hole piece type (inboard) round of special use or the three round piece types is re-established as U-shaped groove (2), mutually docking formation of the U-shaped groove of same specification piece type (2) punching beam arranges the concrete die cavity of bar pouring grout, this reinforcing bar will be connected anchoring with the embedded bar of end constructional column about body of wall or upright of frame, and irrigation hole concrete, namely be formed in and establish dark beam reinforcing wall in the body of wall, U-shaped groove (2) two-port can be established step (12) and be reinforced; Three, building integral is chain to be exactly single row of holes piece type with the chain special use of integral body, double-row hole piece type (inboard) round, the rib first half otch (3) of round forms transverse passage-way (5) in the piece in the three round piece types, rib is high to have reduced by half into half rib (4), it and vertical hole consist of together the combined wall template that bar pouring grout concrete does not anyhow need demolition are set within the walls, steel concrete and beam column are all used in the little building block of each piece of whole building, ground, steel concrete integral body of the chain one-tenth of the comprehensive comprehensive anchoring of building roof, just become the roughly the same NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE bearing wall of reinforced masonry, but this round end face of not establishing within the walls steel concrete be cut off with plate can not spillage, and spillage namely can affect the effect of sandwich insulating herein; The body of wall that building integral is chain, should open clean out in foundation the first skin building block by the rules requirement, the window that is connected up and down colligation as foreign material in the cleaning hole and the joint bar of being connected and longitudinal reinforcement, certainly finishing after these two work will can not spillage with the clean out sealing, three round piece types also need be opened two-layer clean out, should process with insulation in the piece is same during the clean out sealing, the reinforcing bars building block body of wall has been arranged, there is constructional column to connect longitudinal cross wall by rules wall end, adds again reinforced concrete soil floor floor roof panel and interconnect earthquake proof construction with regard to complete; Four, not establish this round of steel concrete with the sandwich heat-insulation and heat-preservation of the aluminium foil of air space, the first half of rib is also opened same notch (3), also formed transverse passage-way (5), rib is (cold) heat bridge, cut off half and also become half rib (4), strengthen thermal resistance and improved self heat preservation and insulation, again wall with interior between the relative two sides of wall paste aluminium foil (6), namely consist of with the sandwich heat-insulation and heat-preservation composite bearing wall of the aluminium foil of air space, the severe cold area exterior wall can be done dual heat-insulation and heat-preservation by inside and outside two rounds with three round piece types, and an inboard round is also provided convenience for the concealed installation pipeline; Five, vestibule interpolation thermal insulation slab heat-insulation and heat-preservation is not establish this round of steel concrete, the first half of rib is driven vertical locating slot (7), thermal insulation slab (8) at locating slot (7) interpolation aluminium foil (6) veneer is separated vestibule, the base material of thermal insulation slab (8) should adopt the polystyrol plastic foam plate that meets the fire-fighting national standard, its gabarite should be (it is loose that block length adds mortar joint) and takes advantage of (piece high add mortar joint loose), the thickness of thermal insulation slab (8) and locating slot (7) match, thermal insulation slab (8) plate face is wanted gap (14) and the thick phase embedding of locating slot (7) bottom land rib, guarantee that thermal insulation slab (8) is inserted into location, block baseplane, and make up and down joint close between adjacent panels; Six, outer heat insulation is exactly directly to paste aluminium foil (6) at block (outside) bar face, just becomes the composite lead-bearing walling of fire prevention antiseepage outer heat insulation; The setting of every round half rib of block (4): grout arrangement of reinforcement layer adopts three roads, half rib (4) two hole (13) piece termination groove (15) cavity structures, to sweep the buccal mass type consistent with the opening or cleaning of rules appointment, is convenient to longitudinal reinforcement and is connected colligation with vertical joint bar and fixes; Sandwich heat preservation and thermal insulation slab separate air interbed with the face-to-face clad aluminum foil of air space make rib into twice half rib (4) structure, reduce heat bridge and improve block self heat-insulating property; Grout arrangement of reinforcement layer also can be re-established as middle half hole, both sides, a hole (13) (18) of twice half rib (4), can be on body of wall the first elongated vertical reinforcement (9) of pre-buried spacing 400mm, the building block of then this two ends being established half hole (18) is embedded between two vertical reinforcements (9) builds upper wall by laying bricks or stones, the method that the vertical straight joint of this employing is built by laying bricks or stones, instruct engineering by local rules, also having several successful to implement precedent, also is a kind of effective construction method; Many rounds block is heavier, can be with high 140mm or the 90mm of reducing to of piece; Establish reinforcing bar concrete placing Laminate construction thickness in the thickening block, namely can be applicable to the middle-high building body of wall; Above various types all are the main piece types of the compound little building block of external wall, use at interior wall and can not paste the slotting thermal insulation slab (8) of aluminium foil (6), but can be used as pipeline passage are installed; Above-mentioned series structure feature forms the protection domain of independent claims.
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| CN105926841A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-09-07 | 姚景祥 | Zipper-type wall part and zipper key for producing the same |
| CN107023109A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-08-08 | 中国砖瓦工业协会 | For the block for construction of building subassembly and using its pre-cast building component component |
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| CN115949160A (en) * | 2022-12-25 | 2023-04-11 | 北京工业大学 | Assembled inner and outer leaf plate double-interlayer heat-preservation five-layer composite shear wallboard and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN103306419B (en) | 2016-03-16 |
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