CN103305954B - A kind of method for preparing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers - Google Patents
A kind of method for preparing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for preparing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers.Its step is as follows: 1) poly-á-alkene oil and molecular weight are greater than the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene heating mixing of 1,000,000, through swelling, dissolving formation half weak solution or non-solution mixture in advance; 2) described mixture is sent into screw extruder through gear-conveying pump, adopt singe screw or twin-screw or three-screw extruder to extrude, obtain extruded material; 3) extruded material obtained above is delivered to spinnerets by melt booster pump through filter, sprays from the hole of spray silk template, cooling; 4) cooled many spray silks are adopted the traction of roller multistage draw-gears, super doubly, multistage stretching obtains superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers.The present invention can obtain high quality fiber under the low energy consumption conditions such as low spinning temperature, low shearing speed, and can save the extraction link needing a large amount of organic solvent, simplifies the equipment of traditional gel spinning method, energy-saving and cost-reducing, reduces environmental pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of polymer materials, particularly relate to a kind of method for preparing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers.
Technical background
Superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers be last century late nineteen seventies succeed in developing and carry out a kind of high modulus fibre of industrialization in early eighties, with carbon fiber, aramid fiber be called three large high-performance fibers.Because superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers has ultralight, high specific strength, high ratio modulus, superior energy absorption, the preferably multiple excellent properties such as wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, fast light, be used widely in fields such as space flight and aviation, national defense and military, security protection, ocean engineering, sports equipment, medical material and civilian nettles.
Superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers is normally prepared from by gel spinning technique.Gel spinning method and gel spinning, the method is be described in the patent of Dutch DSM N. V. in 1979 application at first, gel spinning method used is dissolved in decahydronaphthalenes equal solvent by the polyethylene of super high molecular weight, make the spinning solution that concentration is 2% ~ 10%, from spinneret orifice ejection, be frozen into the gel strand containing a large amount of solvent under low temperature, be called gel spinning by image, carry out super times hot-stretch to after gel strand removing solvent again, obtain high-strength high-modulus fibre.In prior art, the key step of gel spinning method is as follows: ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is joined stirring and dissolving in suitable solvent and make solution, extruded by screw extruder, shaping through spinneret orifice, then cool, extract, dry, after ultra-drawing, obtain finished fiber.Conventional solvent has: kerosene, paraffin, paraffin wet goods.Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene because molecular weight is huge, viscosity is extra-high, in strand and the serious pole of molecule inter-chain entanglement be unfavorable for uniform dissolution, even if dissolve, solution viscosity under lower concentration is also very high.Therefore usually by reducing solution concentration, raising processing temperature or the shear rate that improves make ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene large molecule appropriateness solution twine, and improve the uniformity of spinning solution concentration, to obtain the uniform high quality fiber of fiber number.But the strand of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) resin is longer, is subject to shearing force effect and ruptures, and easily degrade under high temperature, although add a small amount of antioxidant, still inevitably degrade, cause quality stability poor.
On the other hand, usually at least 5 times (weight) are selected in the organic matter such as mineral oil, kerosene, decahydronaphthalene of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene as solvent in gel spinning method, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is dissolved in solvent and forms half weak solution, then extrude and make raw silk, re-use more substantial another kind of organic solvent and mineral oil, kerosene etc. are extracted.The spinning solution concentration of current report is only half weak solution less than 6% ~ 8%, therefore a large amount of organic solvent is used in gel spinning method technical process, make that preparation process is complicated, equipment is many, cost of investment increases, and cause environmental pollution, or even severe contamination accident, be difficult to the object realizing energy-saving and emission-reduction, low-carbon environment-friendly.Long based on the gel spinning method production cycle, cost is high, the defect such as big for environment pollution, people attempt in other High-efficient Production method of searching, as high-voltage solid-state extrusion molding, plasticizing melt spin processes, surface crystallization growth method, region super drawing or local super drawing method method etc., but all can not meet the requirement of high efficiency and high microsteping strength and modulus simultaneously.Patent CN1539033 discloses a kind of method that heat melting method prepares superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers, but the method is the polyethylene raw material having selected molecular weight to be less than 3,000,000, extruder inner molten temperatures as high more than 250 DEG C, the TENSILE STRENGTH of the UHMWPE fiber of preparation is only greater than 15g/dtex, use value is lower, and industrialization is very difficult.Patent US8188026 discloses a kind of method that heat melting method prepares UHMWPE, the method be the molecular weight having selected part by weight more than 80% be less than 500,000 polyethylene raw material and a small amount of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene hybrid process prepare UHMWPE fiber, but this is not proper pure superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers.
In order to solve in existing superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers gel spinning method technical process, make strand superelevation orientation and used the too high shearing force of high temperature, thus cause molecular chain rupture or severely degrade, technical problem that screw efficiency is low, and the defect that gel spinning process equipment is many, big for environment pollution, this patent proposes a kind of method for preparing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, namely adopts poly & Alpha ,-olefin oil or the mixture containing poly & Alpha ,-olefin oil as solvent.Poly alpha olefin (Poly-α-Olefin, PAO) be the oligomerisation polymer made alhpa olefin by ethene through oligomerisation polymerisation, make through polymerization and hydrogenation further again, its effect that there is lubrication and reduce UHMWPE spinning fluid viscosity, therefore high quality fiber can be obtained under the low energy consumption conditions such as low spinning temperature, low shearing speed, or prepare spinning fibre when ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene content is greater than 90%, thus without the need to extracting link, shorten equipment flowsheet, save cost, reduce the pollution to environment simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of method for preparing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers is provided.
The step of method for preparing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers is as follows:
1) ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene poly-á-alkene oil and molecular weight being greater than 1,000,000 heats mixing by weight 1:0.1 ~ 1:100 in mixing kettle, through 90 ~ 150 DEG C of pre-swelling, 100 ~ 400 DEG C of dissolving formation half weak solutions or non-solution mixture;
2) described mixture is sent into screw extruder through gear-conveying pump, singe screw or twin-screw or three-screw extruder is adopted to extrude at 100 ~ 400 DEG C, obtain extruded material, the optional steam of heating source or electric energy or deep fat etc., bolt rotary form is in the same way or incorgruous rotation, screw rod shearing speed is 70 ~ 280rpm, and spiro rod length and diameter ratio (L/D) are 40 ~ 100;
3) extruded material obtained above is delivered to spray silk template by melt booster pump through filter, sprays by the speed of 2 ~ 5m/min from the hole of spray silk template, then adopt air or be water-cooled to 0 ~ 50 DEG C, dry;
4) after cool drying many spray silks are adopted the multistage draw-gears traction of roller, super doubly, multistage stretching obtains superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers, draw ratio is greater than 10.
Described poly-á-alkene refers to PB Polybutene-1, polyhexene-1, poly-octene-1, poly decene or poly-laurylene and their co-polymer.The molecular weight of described poly-á-alkene oil is less than 50,000, and density is less than 0.900g/cm
3.The molecular weight of described poly-á-alkene oil is less than 0.5 ten thousand.Described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is the polymer of ethylene homo or copolymerization, and molecular weight is 100 ~ 1,000 ten thousand, and density is 0.925 ~ 0.945g/cm
3.The density of described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is greater than 0.935g/cm
3.When in described mixture, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene content is less than 15%, described screw extruder temperature is less than 200 DEG C, and screw rod shearing speed is less than 200rpm.Described screw extruder temperature is less than 140 DEG C.Described screw rod shearing speed is less than 160rpm.Described spiro rod length and diameter ratio (L/D) are less than 60.When in described mixture, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene content is greater than 90%, without the need to extracting link.
This preparation method can obtain high quality fiber under the low energy consumption conditions such as low spinning temperature, low shearing speed, and can save the extraction link needing a large amount of organic solvent, simplifies the equipment of traditional gel spinning method, energy-saving and cost-reducing, reduces environmental pollution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is method for preparing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers process chart.
Detailed description of the invention
The step of method for preparing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers is as follows:
1) ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene poly-á-alkene oil and molecular weight being greater than 1,000,000 heats mixing by weight 1:0.1 ~ 1:100 in mixing kettle, through 90 ~ 150 DEG C of pre-swelling, 100 ~ 400 DEG C of dissolving formation half weak solutions or non-solution mixture;
2) described mixture is sent into screw extruder through gear-conveying pump, singe screw or twin-screw or three-screw extruder is adopted to extrude at 100 ~ 400 DEG C, obtain extruded material, the optional steam of heating source or electric energy or deep fat etc., bolt rotary form is in the same way or incorgruous rotation, screw rod shearing speed is 70 ~ 280rpm, and spiro rod length and diameter ratio (L/D) are 40 ~ 100;
3) extruded material obtained above is delivered to spray silk template by melt booster pump through filter, sprays by the speed of 2 ~ 5m/min from the hole of spray silk template, then adopt air or be water-cooled to 0 ~ 50 DEG C, dry;
4) after cool drying many spray silks are adopted the multistage draw-gears traction of roller, super doubly, multistage stretching obtains superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers, draw ratio is greater than 10.
Described poly-á-alkene refers to PB Polybutene-1, polyhexene-1, poly-octene-1, poly decene or poly-laurylene and their co-polymer.The molecular weight of described poly-á-alkene oil is less than 50,000, and density is less than 0.900g/cm
3.The molecular weight of described poly-á-alkene oil is less than 0.5 ten thousand.Described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is the polymer of ethylene homo or copolymerization, and molecular weight is 100 ~ 1,000 ten thousand, and density is 0.925 ~ 0.945g/cm
3.The density of described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is greater than 0.935g/cm
3.When in described mixture, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene content is less than 15%, described screw extruder temperature is less than 200 DEG C, and screw rod shearing speed is less than 200rpm.Described screw extruder temperature is less than 140 DEG C.Described screw rod shearing speed is less than 160rpm.Described spiro rod length and diameter ratio (L/D) are less than 60.When in described mixture, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene content is greater than 90%, without the need to extracting link.
In the present invention, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) parameter such as molecular weight, density and fibre property parameter etc. adopt conventional Method and Technology to measure.
In order to understand the present invention further, below in conjunction with embodiment, optimization experiment scheme of the present invention is described, but should be appreciated that these describe just for further illustrating the features and advantages of the present invention, instead of the restriction to the claims in the present invention scope.
Embodiment 1
By poly & Alpha ,-olefin oil 1 and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (molecular weight 3,230,000, density 0.935g/cm
3) heating mixing in mixing kettle, be fully mixed with spinning solution through 93 DEG C of pre-swelling, 145 DEG C of dissolvings, the concentration of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is 8wt%; Spinning solution is sent into double screw extruder through gear-conveying pump, and spiro rod length and diameter ratio (L/D) are 60, and bolt rotary form is incorgruous rotation, and rotary speed is 130rpm, and screw machine adopts Steam Heating, and temperature is 150 DEG C; Spinning solution twines through the solution of double screw extruder, extrude the extruded material made is transparent frozen glue solution; Frozen glue solution is delivered to spray silk template by melt booster pump through filter, and spinneret orifice is extruded with the spray silk speed of 3m/min; Adopt Air flow spray silk to 40 DEG C; Adopt dimethylbenzene as extractant, and heat drying removing extractant; Dried for extraction gel fiber is carried out three grades to stretch and traction, concrete technology is: first order draft temperature is 100 DEG C, and traction multiple is 3.5 times; Second level draft temperature is 115 DEG C, and traction multiple is 7 times; Third level draft temperature is 130 DEG C, and traction multiple is 16 times.Finally obtain superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers, after testing, fibrous fracture intensity 31.9cn/dtex, modulus is 1244g/d.
Embodiment 2
By poly & Alpha ,-olefin oil 2, paraffin oil and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (molecular weight 6,010,000, density 0.942g/cm
3) heating mixing in mixing kettle, be fully mixed with spinning solution through 101 DEG C of pre-swelling, 153 DEG C of dissolvings, wherein the proportioning of poly & Alpha ,-olefin oil and paraffin oil is 1:1, and the concentration of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is 11.5wt%; Spinning solution is sent into double screw extruder through gear-conveying pump, and spiro rod length and diameter ratio (L/D) are 50, and bolt rotary form is incorgruous rotation, and rotary speed is 150rpm, and screw machine adopts Steam Heating, and temperature is 160 DEG C; Spinning solution twines through the solution of double screw extruder, extrude the extruded material made is transparent frozen glue solution; Frozen glue solution is delivered to spray silk template by melt booster pump through filter, and spinneret orifice is extruded with the spray silk speed of 2m/min; Adopt water cooling spray silk to 40 DEG C; Adopt carbon tetrachloride as extractant, and heat drying removing extractant; Dried for extraction gel fiber is carried out three grades to stretch and traction, concrete technology is: first order draft temperature is 100 DEG C, and traction multiple is 3.5 times; Second level draft temperature is 115 DEG C, and traction multiple is 6.5 times; Third level draft temperature is 130 DEG C, and traction multiple is 13 times.Finally obtain superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers, after testing, fibrous fracture intensity 33.4cn/dtex, modulus is 1250g/d.
Embodiment 3
Poly alpha olefin 3 and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (molecular weight 6,010,000, density 0.942g/cm
3) swelling in advance through 145 DEG C of heating, premixed forms a kind of mixture, poly alpha olefin and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene mixed weight ratio 1:0.5; Added continuously in double screw extruder by mixture, bolt rotary form is incorgruous rotation, and bolt rotary speed is 240rpm, and spiro rod length and diameter ratio (L/D) are 60, utilizes Steam Heating to make the temperature between screw rod and cylindrical shell be 190 DEG C; Extruded material is delivered to spray silk template by melt booster pump through filter, and spinneret orifice is extruded with the spray silk speed of 2m/min; Jet velocity is at 3m/min; Adopt Air flow spray silk to 40 DEG C; Adopt carbon tetrachloride as extractant, and heat drying removing extractant; Cooled spray silk is drawn to a roller set of rotating, then multistage ultra-drawing 19 times.Finally obtain superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers, after testing, fibrous fracture intensity 32.8cn/dtex, modulus is 1211g/d.
Embodiment 4
Poly alpha olefin 4 and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (molecular weight 4,680,000, density 0.938g/cm
3) swelling in advance through 150 DEG C of heating in any vessel, be mixed to form a kind of mixture, poly alpha olefin and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene mixed weight ratio 1:50; Added continuously in double screw extruder by mixture, bolt rotary form is incorgruous rotation, and bolt rotary speed is 265rpm, and spiro rod length and diameter ratio (L/D) are 75, utilizes Steam Heating to make the temperature between screw rod and cylindrical shell be 260 DEG C; Extruded material is delivered to spray silk template by melt booster pump through filter, and spinneret orifice is extruded with the spray silk speed of 2m/min; Jet velocity is 2m/min; Adopt Air flow spray silk to 40 DEG C; Because poly alpha olefin content is very little, so without the need to extracting link, directly cooled spray silk is adopted the multistage draw-gear traction of roller, then multistage ultra-drawing 19 times, make UHMWPE fiber.After testing, fibrous fracture intensity 30.6cn/dtex, modulus is 1186g/d.
Comparative example 1
Except poly alpha olefin being changed to mineral oil (boiling range 390 DEG C), making drawn yarn under the same conditions as example 1, but because spinning temperature is too low and screw rod rotary speed is too low, cause melt viscosity too high, fail to extrude equably.
Comparative example 2
By paraffin oil and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (molecular weight 6,010,000, density 0.942g/cm
3) in mixing kettle, being fully mixed with spinning solution, the concentration of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is 8wt%; Spinning solution is sent into double screw extruder through gear-conveying pump, and spiro rod length and diameter ratio (L/D) are 60, and bolt rotary form is incorgruous rotation, and rotary speed is 260rpm, and screw machine adopts Steam Heating, and temperature is 260 DEG C; Spinning solution twines through the solution of double screw extruder, extrude the extruded material made is transparent frozen glue solution; Extruded material is delivered to spray silk template by melt booster pump through filter, and spinneret orifice is extruded with the spray silk speed of 2m/min; Adopt Air flow spray silk to 40 DEG C; Adopt carbon tetrachloride as extractant, and heat drying removing extractant; To extract dried gel fiber and adopt the multistage draw-gear traction of roller, carry out three grades and stretch and traction, concrete technology is: first order draft temperature is 100 DEG C, and traction multiple is 3.5 times; Second level draft temperature is 115 DEG C, and traction multiple is 6 times; Third level draft temperature is 130 DEG C, and traction multiple is 13 times.Finally obtain superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers, after testing, fibrous fracture intensity 29.8cn/dtex, modulus is 1292g/d.
Claims (8)
1. a method for preparing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, is characterized in that its step is as follows:
1) ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene poly-á-alkene oil and molecular weight being greater than 1,000,000 heats mixing by weight 1:0.1 ~ 1:100 in mixing kettle, through 90 ~ 150 DEG C of pre-swelling, 100 ~ 400 DEG C of dissolving formation half weak solutions or non-solution mixture;
2) described mixture is sent into screw extruder through gear-conveying pump, singe screw or twin-screw or three-screw extruder is adopted to extrude at 100 ~ 400 DEG C, obtain extruded material, the optional steam of heating source or electric energy or deep fat, bolt rotary form is in the same way or incorgruous rotation, screw rod shearing speed is 70 ~ 280rpm, and spiro rod length and diameter ratio (L/D) are 40 ~ 100;
3) extruded material obtained above is delivered to spray silk template by melt booster pump through filter, sprays by the speed of 2 ~ 5m/min from the hole of spray silk template, then adopt air or be water-cooled to 0 ~ 50 DEG C, dry;
4) after cool drying many spray silks are adopted the multistage draw-gears traction of roller, super doubly, multistage stretching obtains superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers, draw ratio is greater than 10;
Described poly-á-alkene refers to PB Polybutene-1, polyhexene-1, poly-octene-1, poly decene or poly-laurylene and their co-polymer; The molecular weight of described poly-á-alkene oil is less than 50,000, and density is less than 0.900g/cm
3.
2. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that the molecular weight of described poly-á-alkene oil is less than 0.5 ten thousand.
3. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is the polymer of ethylene homo or copolymerization, molecular weight is greater than 1,000,000 and is less than or equal to 1,000 ten thousand, and density is 0.925 ~ 0.945g/cm
3.
4. in accordance with the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that the density of described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is greater than 0.935g/cm
3.
5. in accordance with the method for claim 1, when it is characterized in that in described mixture, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene content is less than 15%, described screw extruder temperature is less than 200 DEG C, and screw rod shearing speed is less than 200rpm, and spiro rod length and diameter ratio (L/D) are less than 60.
6. in accordance with the method for claim 5, described screw extruder temperature is less than 140 DEG C.
7. in accordance with the method for claim 5, described screw rod shearing speed is less than 160rpm.
8. in accordance with the method for claim 1, when it is characterized in that in described mixture, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene content is greater than 90%, without the need to extracting link.
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| CN103590130A (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2014-02-19 | 杭州翔盛高强纤维材料股份有限公司 | Method for improving fluidity of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber spinning solution |
| CN105908523B (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2018-06-15 | 禾欣可乐丽超纤皮(嘉兴)有限公司 | The process and device that the polyethylene recycled in a kind of microfiber synthetic leather production recycles |
| CN106149068A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-11-23 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers flat filament and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107090604A (en) * | 2017-05-13 | 2017-08-25 | 巢湖市翔宇渔具有限公司 | A kind of preparation technology of high-strength polythene filament |
| CN108396400B (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2021-04-20 | 山东莱威新材料有限公司 | Preparation method for differentiated high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber by melt spinning |
| CN109853069B (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2021-11-30 | 上海化工研究院有限公司 | Melt spinning preparation method of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber |
| CN112778598B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2023-02-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Polyolefin composition and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110791821A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-14 | 浙江金昊新材料有限公司 | Method for preparing novel ultrahigh-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber by one-step method |
| CN111172607B (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2022-11-25 | 上海化工研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of creep-resistant ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber |
| CN112725916A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-30 | 长青藤高性能纤维材料有限公司 | White oil solvent suitable for UHMWPE fiber production process and preparation method thereof |
| CN113122943B (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2023-02-03 | 无锡华翔化纤有限公司 | Uniform cooling and drying device for chemical fiber spinning |
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