Background technology
The waste of organic matter treatment process, it is modal that to remain traditional compost be main, in addition, modes such as mechanical assistance compost and secondary solid state fermentation were also developed in recent years greatly.Although tradition compost fermentation cost is low, exist to take up room greatly, required manpower is many, labour intensity is big, and fermentation efficiency is low, the time is long, needs 3-6 month usually, have secondary pollution in the fermenting process, leavened prod quality instability is subject to influences such as weather, humidity greatly; And the mechanical assistance compost, fermentation time can significantly shorten to 1-2 month, and efficient is better than traditional compost fermentation, and quality also is higher than the product that the traditional zymotic method is produced, but the current consumption height, machinery needs long-term maintenance, and the mechanically composting floor space is still bigger; In recent years, along with microorganism, the development that the plain technology of enzyme is maked rapid progress, the technical foundation of quick fermentation technology is progressively ripe, a collection of quick organic waste treatment process and relevant device have also been expedited the emergence of thus, as secondary solid state fermentation organic waste treatment process (CN200410059630.2).Secondary solid-state fermentation technology and equipment mainly are after fermenting 24 hours in one grade fermemtation equipment, be transferred to again in the bigger equipment, carry out 24-48 hour Secondary Fermentation, carry out solid-liquid separation after finishing, the filter cake that forms is processed into solid fertilizer, and filtrate is processed into liquid fertilizer.In recent years Taiwan some technology is improved, also having fermentation to finish and is finished product.The secondary solid state fermentation has greatly promoted fermentation efficiency, shortens fermentation time, the leavened prod stay in grade, but operation is also loaded down with trivial details relatively.
The time that existing organic waste treatment process is produced fertilizer can be controlled in 48-72 hour substantially, and often produces with waste water, gas with foreign flavor in process of production.Comparatively speaking, this process structure is advantages of simple more, and is more convenient to operate, and is convenient to move, and do not have waste water, waste residue generation in process of production, discharges gas substantially based on water vapour and a small amount of CO2, and the fertiliser production time can foreshorten to 18-24 hour.Can be used for the waterworks mud, feces of livestock and poultry, stalk, Chinese medicine slag, kitchen waste, butcher the quick resource harmless treatment of organic wastes such as tankage and the dead dead pig of fowl.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for overcoming the hot enzyme aerobic treatment process of a kind of organic waste quick resource that above-mentioned deficiency provides
Purpose of the present invention can reach by following technological method:
1. hot enzyme aerobic treatment process of organic waste quick resource, its technical essential is to comprise the following steps:
A. organic waste and agricultural crop straw or wood chip being sent according to the ratio biographies of 6~8:2~4 places hot enzyme reactor to mix, treater agitating vane rotating speed is 1-10r/min, and add the plain and thermophilic microbial inoculum of thermostable enzyme respectively by the weight percent of organic waste and agricultural crop straw or wood chip, the thermostable enzyme element, addition is 0.05%-0.2%, thermophilic microbial inoculum addition is 0.05%-0.3%, treated device primary enzymolysis fermentation, become thoroughly decomposed, exhaust, temperature of charge control is at 70-80 ℃, humidity of materials control is at 60%-70% in the reactor, and free air delivery material per ton per hour is 100-500m for the first time
3, evacuation time 16-18 hour;
B. the material that step a is handled again through enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation for the second time, become thoroughly decomposed, exhaust, temperature of charge control is 1-20r/min at 80-95 ℃, hot enzyme reactor agitating vane rotating speed.Free air delivery per hour is 150-750m by material per ton for the second time
3, evacuation time 6-8 hour;
C. the material that step b is handled is through overcooling, screening, or further granulates or embedding, makes finished product.
And described thermostable enzyme element is cellulase, and enzyme activity is not less than 5000U/g; Or zytase, enzyme activity is not less than 10000U/g; Heat-stable phytase, enzyme activity is not less than 5000U/g; 'beta '-mannase, enzyme activity is not less than 10000U/g; Or beta-glucanase, enzyme activity is not less than 10000U/g; Described thermophilic microbial inoculum is: heat-resisting subtilis and lichens gemma and wax sample gemma thermophile bacteria, every gram microbial inoculum total number of bacterial colony is not less than 3,000,000,000, wherein subtilis is not less than 1,000,000,000, and the lichens gemma is not less than 1,000,000,000, and wax sample gemma is not less than 1,000,000,000.
And described organic waste is waterworks mud or feces of livestock and poultry or kitchen waste or butchers tankage or Chinese medicine slag or palm kernel meal or the dead dead pig corpse of fowl or garden waste.
And the length of described agricultural crop straw or wood chip is less than 5cm.
The technical program below is described in further detail
(1) the organic waste material is directly added hot enzyme reactor by travelling belt and utilize travelling belt to add auxiliary material according to suitable ratio simultaneously, Chang material is delivered to hot enzyme reactor by travelling belt after need pulverizing through pulverizer more especially, stirs; For example: chicken manure and wood chip are according to the ratio of 7.5:2.5; Mud and wood chip are according to the ratio of 7:3; Be added in the hot enzyme reactor by travelling belt respectively.
(2) stir after 5-10 minute, and add the plain and thermophilic microbial inoculum of thermostable enzyme respectively by the weight percent of organic waste and agricultural crop straw or wood chip, thermostable enzyme element, addition are 0.05%-0.2%, and thermophilic microbial inoculum addition is 0.05%-0.3%; The thermostable enzyme element is cellulase, and enzyme activity is not less than 5000U/g; Or zytase, enzyme activity is not less than 10000U/g; Heat-stable phytase, enzyme activity is not less than 5000U/g; 'beta '-mannase, enzyme activity is not less than 10000U/g; Or beta-glucanase, enzyme activity is not less than 10000U/g; Thermophilic microbial inoculum is: heat-resisting subtilis and lichens gemma and wax sample gemma thermophile bacteria, and every gram microbial inoculum total number of bacterial colony is not less than 3,000,000,000, and wherein subtilis is not less than 1,000,000,000, and the lichens gemma is not less than 1,000,000,000, and wax sample gemma is not less than 1,000,000,000.
(3) parameter setting of hot enzyme reactor and unlatching: parameter setting is that secondary is controlled automatically, through hot enzyme reactor primary enzymolysis fermentation maturity, parameter setting is: temperature of charge control 70-80 ℃, hot enzyme reactor agitating vane rotating speed be 1-10r/min, material per ton per hour exhaust air rate be 100-500m
3/ h, humidity of materials control is at 60%-70% in the hot enzyme reactor, and the time is 16-18 hour; Parameter fine setting for the second time is: temperature of charge control 80-95 ℃, hot enzyme reactor agitating vane rotating speed be 1-20rpm, material per ton per hour exhaust air rate be 150-750m
3/ h, air-bled time are 6-8 hour;
(4) after 18-24 hour, material is finished product after naturally cooling or the adverse current of sieving cooling after the next discharging in hot enzyme reactor stage casing.Make organism for mud, then increase sub-sieve adverse current refrigerating unit, remove some glass or metal or stone; Then need not screening plant for feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural wastes.
(5) composting, weighing, packing: according to the market requirement, direct weighing and bagging; Also but the slowly-releasing fertilizer is made in granulation, granular organic fertilizer, perhaps composite formation compound organic fertilizer.
The advantage that the present invention has is:
1. this technology has the characteristics of high-efficiency environment friendly, can finish organic waste to the reaction process of organic fertilizer in 24 hours, and because of all ambient controlled of reactor, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation is efficient, and the product with stable quality of producing is repeatable strong;
2. this technology wide accommodation, by the material adding proportion, hot enzyme reactor environmental parameter is set and is regulated the specific enzyme element, thermophile bacteria quantity is added and is regulated, and can adapt to various organic wastes such as mud, feces of livestock and poultry, slaughterhouse tankage, agricultural wastes straw, bagasse, the dregs of a decoction;
3. do not have waste residue, waste water generation in process of production, have a small amount of water vapor and carbonic acid gas to discharge after only reaction stops, production process and the equal odorless of production product, free from extraneous odour generation.
4. prepared organic fertilizer quality height.This technology is suitable for plant, sewage work, the market of farm produce, community, restaurant, family, park etc. and handles organic waste.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Select for use the chicken manure in poulty house and garden waste (spray, leaf, plant haulm etc.) in the 7.5:2.5 ratio, put into the hot enzyme reactor of organic waste quick resource respectively, the thermostable enzyme element of adding 0.1% and 0.05% thermophilic microbial inoculum, temperature of charge is 80 ℃, mixing speed control is at 5r/min, ferment for the first time, become thoroughly decomposed, exhaust, material per ton is 150m for free air delivery per hour
3, evacuation time 18 hours; Automatically to change to temperature of charge control be 10r/min at 90 ℃, hot enzyme reactor agitating vane rotating speed to parameter subsequently, and free air delivery per hour is 700m by material per ton for the second time
3, evacuation time 6 hours; Fermentation back discharging in 24 hours, be the organic fertilizer product, with organic fertilizer sampling censorship and the self check of cooling, detected result shows: the organic fertilizer index of correlation all reaches the national standard of national Ministry of Agriculture organic fertilizer (NY525-2011) and biological organic fertilizer (NY884-2012).Conventional index (table 1) and organic fertilizer microbiological indicator are seen (table 2) after testing.
The quality of table 1. plant waste and garden waste 24h fermentation back organic fertilizer
Index |
Detected value |
PH-value (1:5) |
7.07 |
Electric conductivity |
4.51mS/cm |
Nitrogen total content (N) |
2.33% |
Phosphorus total content (P2O5) |
2.1% |
Potassium total content (K2O) |
1.21% |
Organic substance |
79.4% |
Carbon-nitrogen ratio |
20 |
CEC |
23.6cmol/kg |
Moisture content |
24.6% |
The compost granularity〉9.5mm |
0% |
The microorganism detection index of table 2. garden waste and the waste 24h of plant fermentation back organic fertilizer
Test description |
The result describes |
The separation of lactose positive bacteria |
Negative |
The coliform sum |
0MPN/100ml |
The separation of clostridium |
Negative |
The separation of Salmonellas |
Negative |
The separation of staphylococcus aureus |
Negative |
The intestinal bacteria sum |
0MPN/100ml |
The colibacillus sum |
0MPN/100ml |
Embodiment 2:
With sewage work's mud and wood chip, according to the 7:3 ratio, join the hot enzyme treatment reactor of organic waste quick resource, plain and the compound agent of becoming thoroughly decomposed of 0.1% thermophile bacteria of the thermostable enzyme of adding 0.1%, preceding 18 hours parameters are that temperature of charge is constant in 80 ℃, mixing speed control is at 3r/min, and initial humidity of materials is about 65%, and free air delivery is 100m
3/ h; 16 hours; With setting program that parameter automatic fine tuning is constant in 90 ℃ to temperature of charge subsequently, mixing speed is controlled at 8rpm, air inducing free air delivery 750m
3/ h.The discharging in 24 hours of fermenting, the organic fertilizer of producing, conventional index, heavy metal and microbiological indicator (seeing Table 3) after testing.:
Table 3 sewage work mud and wood chip 24h fermentation back organic fertilizer index detected value
Index |
Detected value |
PH-value (1:5) |
6.4% |
Quality of organic matter mark (in butt) |
75.6% |
Total nutrient (N+K
2O+P
2O
5, in butt)
|
5.2% |
Nitrogen total content (N) |
1.4% |
Phosphorus total content (P2O5) |
1.2% |
Potassium total content (K2O) |
2.8% |
Moisture content |
27.9% |
As(is in butt) |
3.1mg/kg |
Cd(is in butt) |
0.34mg/kg |
Cr(is in butt) |
64.9mg/kg |
Pb(is in butt) |
6.52mg/kg |
Hg(is in butt) |
0.4mg/kg |
Induced worm egg death rate |
100% |
The colibacillus of excrement colony number |
<10 |