CN103291214A - Reciprocating type hydraulic-drive impacter - Google Patents
Reciprocating type hydraulic-drive impacter Download PDFInfo
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- CN103291214A CN103291214A CN2013102422997A CN201310242299A CN103291214A CN 103291214 A CN103291214 A CN 103291214A CN 2013102422997 A CN2013102422997 A CN 2013102422997A CN 201310242299 A CN201310242299 A CN 201310242299A CN 103291214 A CN103291214 A CN 103291214A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reciprocating type hydraulic-drive impacter which is a novel hard-formation drilling speed improvement hydraulic-drive impacting device. According to the reciprocating type hydraulic-drive impacter, a combination of a turbine and a rotating head is used as a control structure of hydraulic pluses, drilling fluid plays a torque effect on a power shaft through a turbine set, the power shaft and the rotating head are connected to drive the rotating head to rotate, the rotating head is contacted with the end face of an impact cylinder to generate periodic opening and closing of a flow channel, so that pressure acting on the impact cylinder is changed, the impact cylinder does reciprocating shock movement in the axial direction under the combined action of spring force, and the axial reciprocating shock effect is exerted on a lower connector through a connection mechanism. Pulse impact of a certain frequency is generated under the control of the connection mechanism, and the shock effect is transmitted to a drill bit to generate axial impact force. The drill bit and an outer shell of the impacter interact to transmit torque provided by a drilling device to drive the drill bit to finish drilling operation. Meanwhile, with impact of the impacter on the drill bit, rock breaking efficiency is improved, and well drilling speed improvement is finished.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of novel deep-well hard formation drilling well speed enhancing apparatus, is a kind of hydraulic means that relies on fluid power that required drive is provided fully.
Background technology:
Follow petroleum industry to implement oil-gas exploration and development, to stablize the east, development is western, deposit formation of marine facies in southern China sedimentary structure, petroleum industry institute drilling well from now on is more and more dark, and stratum age is more and more remote, rock is more and more hard, and ancient boring method can not satisfy the needs of production and engineering.When creeping into the chance hard formation, drilling efficiency is low, and bit life is short, and drilling period is long, the cost height.The problem that improves deep drilling speed becomes the important topic of drilling well circle research, and ing technique is to solve one of effective method of a hard-rock boring difficult problem.
In recent years, along with the development of oil/gas drilling to the deep, the difficult problem that hard formation creeps into became increasingly conspicuous, and still mainly adopted traditional rock bit in the oilfield prospecting developing drilling well at present, cooperated the rotary drilling technology of PDC drill bit and jet drilling device.When bore meeting hard formation, drilling efficiency is very low, and bit life is short, and drilling period is long, the cost height, and ing technique is one of effective method of a solution hard-rock boring difficult problem.At present, the impactor type of development has valve formula positive interaction impactor, valve formula reaction impactor, valve formula double acting impactor (containing valve formula alive and throttle type), jet flow type shocker, jet-suck impactor, air hammer, mechanical type impactor both at home and abroad.These impactor basic modules comprise changement (piston, spring, seal, block stamp) and energy delivery mechanisms (hammering block, drill bit).In Process of Oil Well Drilling, downhole tool is in complex working conditions such as drilling liquid pressure height, temperature height, solid content height, the own motion frequency height of instrument (have up to 20 Hz), the contained solid phase particles of drilling fluid to the wearing and tearing of seal, kinematic pair along with well depth increases, downhole temperature raises, and the temperature arrising caused by friction that adds upper piston high frequency reciprocating motion generation also can cause the seal premature failure; Equally, design unreasonablely, material and technology are defective, and liquid inflow entrance or outlet are subjected to wash away at a high speed and erosion damages, and the impactor life-span is generally lacked (being no more than 80h).
The drilling technology that spins is the technology method that petroleum industry showed unique characteristics, can significantly improve drilling speed.This drilling technology is exactly on the basis of rotary drilling, increases a hydraulic impacter again, between drill bit and drill collar, to produce the impact force of high frequency period.This technology is to utilize impactor high frequency hammering bit teeth to go into rock, and is aided with a kind of efficient rock-breaking that combined-breaking rock is carried out in the rotation scraping.When creeping into, drill bit applies the shock loading of certain frequency by impactor to drill bit simultaneously on the basis of conventional the pressure of the drill and torsional interaction, the shaft bottom drill bit just impact and the rotation acting in conjunction under fractured rock, creep into.Show that by the test application drilling technology that spins is an advanced person, practical, reliable modern drilling technology.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of novel reciprocating type hydraulic impacter of drilling well servicing unit, low to reduce the hard formation drilling efficiency, bit life is short, and drilling period is long, and problems such as cost height improve the efficient of drilling well.
Be to realize the work purpose, general plotting of the present invention is: organize the turbine group provides with transmitting device as the power of reciprocating type hydraulic impacter and installs side by side more.After drilling fluid entered the impactor top connection from runner, through the turbine group, the turbine group converted the momentum of drilling fluid to the moment of torsion of line shaft.Be that interlock between hexagonal line shaft will rotatablely move and be delivered to swivel head by turbine group and cross section, first of line shaft driven rotary is done 360 ° and is rotatablely moved continuously.It is on hexagonal line shaft that upper spring is sleeved on the cross section, and an end contacts with the back-up ring end face, and the other end contacts with the swivel head end face, and is in compressive state all the time, in order to improve the sealing effectiveness between swivel head and impact head.Be installed in the swivel head below, and static with the relative line shaft of impact head of swivel head end face cooperation, and then when line shaft driven rotary head rotated, the impact head end face occurred with the sector crosssection of swivel head and overlaps and the staggered two kinds of duties of end face.When swivel head overlapped with the fan-shaped end face that impacts head, two side runners outside the fan-shaped end face were unimpeded, and liquid flows through from two side runners and damping hole, and swivel head is in circulation status with the impact head; Be elected to rotary head and stagger the time with impacting a scalloped end hand-deliver, side runner is stopped up by fan-shaped end face, and liquid can only flow through from damping hole, and swivel head is in closure state with the impact head.Because the drive of line shaft, thereby finish swivel head and and impact all secondary closures and the circulation of head.
When swivel head rotated to closure state with the impact head, drilling fluid flowed out impactor through top connection, turbine group, back-up ring, swivel head, impact head, interior cover, lower contact.Because side runner blocks, drilling fluid only flows into the centre bore that impacts head by rotating the damping hole that first end one end opens, the area of passage sudden change, and crushing is bigger, and the pressure drop power of effect is bigger.When swivel head rotates to through-flow state with the impact head, the top connection of drilling fluid process, turbine group, back-up ring, swivel head, impact head, interior cover, lower contact, outflow impactor.Because side runner opens, drilling fluid can be simultaneously overlaps the side runner that forms and rotates the damping hole that first end opens and flow through with impacting end surface from swivel head, and area of passage is big, and crushing is less, and the pressure drop power of effect is less.Thereby finish the periodic size conversion of pressure drop power.
Lower spring is sleeved in the annular space that forms under lower contact and the shell, and an end and snap ring end face contact for movable, contacts under the other end and the shell.Difference force acts directly on interior cover, when fluid is impacting the pressure drop increase that head produces, the support force that surpasses lower spring, the compression lower spring moves downward. when lower spring and inside have the snap ring of certain width boss to be compressed to the largest end face of overlapping in the multidiameter spare that is sleeved on snap ring inside simultaneously, that is: impact the head motion and promote snap ring compression lower spring to extreme position, when the boss in the snap ring collides the lower contact upper surface, transmit kinetic energy and give lower contact, reciprocating type hydraulic impacter is when transmitting the drilling rod moment of torsion, apply vertically impact force to drill bit, lower spring is finished the conversion of stressed part, forms percussion action.When fluid in that to impact the pressure drop power that head produces less, be not enough to compress lower spring, at this moment, lower spring is realized the supporting role to last end device, namely lower spring is used for the deadweight of the reciprocating type hydraulic impacter moving component of balance and fluid power in axial effect.Then snap ring, interior cover and lower contact are in non-action state, and reciprocating type hydraulic impacter only transmits torsional interaction.Be connected with lower contact under lower spring and the shell, realize the support of end device down and resetting when impacting, two parts are finished whole impact process up and down.Snap ring one end is spacing by impacting, and the boss in the other end relies in the cover limits its axial displacement.Interior cover is that screw thread is fixedlyed connected with lower contact.
The technical solution used in the present invention is the characteristic according to formation rock in the drilling process, act on the pressure that impacts on the head by the closed and staggered control liquid of swivel head and the periodicity of impacting head stream, cooperate the effect of lower spring again, for drill bit provides pulsatile impact power, reach the effect that improves broken rock and detritus.The turbine group can adopt different groups to count up to into drilling fluid kinetic energy to the conversion of mechanical rotation function as required; The cross section is hexagonal line shaft upper end and be connected the turbine group by key, and the lower end links to each other by hexagon square hole groove with swivel head, finishes the transmission of power; Swivel head contacts with the impact end surface, the closure of sector crosssection execution cycle property in rotating relatively, and the pulsation rule of realization hydraulic pressure provides impact power; Impact head and move up and down, finish the transmission of mid portion power by bump; The gravity of lower spring part balance lower mechanical structure, a part offsets because the pressure effect that fluid pressure drop produces in mechanism, and the required power effect that resets periodically is provided in working order the time simultaneously.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
1. adopt the turbine group as the driving source that rotatablely moves, the combination by different turbine group numbers can realize different rotation rates, satisfies the demand of different drilling stratum rock impact frequencies.
2. in the middle of impacting head damping hole is set, when guaranteeing normal required pressure drop, has reduced the generation of runner stopping state when selecting the swivel head card to change.
3. adopt spring compression on the swivel head, make its when work can with impact head and guarantee an excellent contact state, avoid unnecessary getting loose to cause idle work or duty unusual.
4. lower contact and shell adopt the spring support and connection, can and propose the disconnection that prevents lower contact when boring in operate as normal, and effective reset force can also be provided when jerk.
5. whole device adopts frame for movement, and reliable transmission and cost are low, validity and safety that can assurance device work under the abominable drilling environment in down-hole.
Description of drawings:
Further describe the present invention by reference to the accompanying drawings.
The internal construction schematic diagram of the reciprocating type hydraulic impacter of Fig. 1;
The reciprocating type hydraulic impacter of Fig. 2 mating part swivel head lower surface structural representation that spins;
The reciprocating type hydraulic impacter of Fig. 3 mating part that spins impacts a upper surface structural representation.
Among the figure: on 1-top connection, 2-water conservancy diversion cover, 3-turbine stator, 4-sealing ring, 5-turbine rotor, 6-line shaft, 7-baffle ring, 8-back-up ring, 9-upper spring, 10-swivel head, 11-slide key, the 12-shell, 13-impact under head, 14-snap ring, 15-interior cover, 16-lower spring, 17-sealing ring, the 18-shell, 19-lower contact.
Concrete operating principle:
When reciprocating type hydraulic impacter is fit into well, lower drill, on connect drill collar, two ends all connect with the tapered thread that drilling tool with it matches, and need not to add auxiliary fastening means.
Referring to accompanying drawing, the operating principle down-hole of reciprocating type formula hydraulic impacter is described in detail:
Under the normal operating conditions, drilling fluid flows into inner chamber through drilling rod from reciprocating type hydraulic impacter upper port, impact the rotor 5 of many group turbine groups, rotor 5 rotates under liquid flow impact, drive line shaft 6 rotations, line shaft 6 converts the rotation of turbine group to moment of torsion itself, and moment of torsion is passed to swivel head 10, swivel head 10 and impact fitting face structure such as Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3 of 13.When line shaft 6 driven rotary 10 are rotated, impact 13 and end face occurs to itself and the staggered two kinds of duties of end face with the sector crosssection of swivel head 10.When swivel head 10 overlapped with a fan-shaped end face that impacts 13, outer two side runners of fan-shaped end face were unimpeded, and liquid flows through from two side runners and damping hole, and swivel head 10 and impact 13 is in circulation status; Elected rotary head 10 is staggered the time with impacting 13 a scalloped end hand-deliver, and side runner is stopped up by fan-shaped end face, and liquid can only flow through from damping hole, impacts 13 circumferentially fixingly by slide key 11, endwisely slips swivel head 10 and impact 13 a relative rotations generation periodicity closure.
When opening stream work, drilling fluid enters through the turbine group back-up ring 8 of flowing through, because side runner is opened, drilling fluid can be simultaneously from swivel head 10 with impact 13 end face overlaps formation side runner and the damping hole opened of swivel head 10 1 ends flow through, flow out from lower contact by impactor inner chamber Lower Half intermediate flow channel then.At this moment, whole area of passage is big, crushing is less, fluid is less in impact 13 a pressure drop power that produce, be not enough to compress lower spring 16, at this moment, the supporting role that lower spring 16 is realized last end device, then snap ring 14, interior cover 15 and lower contact 19 are in non-action state, and reciprocating type hydraulic impacter only transmits torsional interaction.When swivel head 10 with impact 13 when being in closure state, drilling fluid through top connection, turbine group, back-up ring, swivel head 10, impact 13, interior cover 15, lower contact 19, flow out impactor.Because side runner is blocked, drilling fluid only flows into and impacts a middle damping hole of 10 by rotating the damping hole opened on the first end, area of passage reduces, and crushing is bigger, and the pressure drop power of effect is bigger, the support force that surpasses lower spring 16, then compress lower spring 16 and move downward, when impacting 13 when moving in the bump cover 15, transmit kinetic energy to lower contact 19, reciprocating type hydraulic impacter applies axial impact force to drill bit when transmitting the drilling rod moment of torsion.Along with constantly flowing of drilling fluid, the continuous rotation of turbine group, swivel head and the periodicity closure of impacting head, the snap ring of reciprocating type hydraulic impacter, interior cover and lower contact are moved mutually and are constantly realized percussion action, apply impulsive force to drill bit, finish the whole process of the drilling well of spinning.
Claims (6)
1. a reciprocating type hydraulic impacter that is applicable to the hard formation drilling well comprises: (18), lower contact (19) under (12), impact head (13), a snap ring (14), interior cover (15), lower spring (16), sealing ring (17), the shell on top connection (1), water conservancy diversion cover (2), turbine stator (3), sealing ring (4), turbine rotor (5), line shaft (6), baffle ring (7), back-up ring (8), upper spring (9), swivel head (10), slide key (11), the shell; It is characterized in that: water conservancy diversion cover (2) is installed in the top connection (1), and (12) link to each other by screw thread on last street corner (1) and the shell; Line shaft (6) links to each other with turbine rotor (5) key and places on the shell in (12); Line shaft (6) lower end contacts with back-up ring (8) end face; Swivel head (10) links to each other with line shaft (5) and compresses upper spring (9); (12) are concentric on swivel head (10) and the shell; Impact that (12) link to each other by slide key on head (13) and the shell, the generation axially-movable contacts with swivel head (10), snap ring (14) end face respectively up and down; In cover (15) and lower contact (19) by the compression spring that is threaded, place under the shell in (18); (19) are threaded with (12) on the shell under the shell.
2. reciprocating type hydraulic impacter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: turbine stator (3), turbine rotor (5) can adopt the fit system of not counting on the same group, many group turbine groups are axially installed successively, acting in conjunction, satisfy the demand of the different frequency of impacts of impactor.Turbine rotor is installed by alignment pin with line shaft and is connected, and transmits moment of torsion.
3. reciprocating type hydraulic impacter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is on hexagonal line shaft (6) that upper spring (9) is sleeved on the cross section, one end contacts with back-up ring (8) end face, the other end contacts with swivel head (10) end face, and be in compressive state all the time, in order to improve the sealing effectiveness between swivel head (10) and impact head (13).
4. reciprocating type hydraulic impacter according to claim 3 is characterized in that: impact head (13) be positioned at swivel head (10) under, and both end faces are sector crosssection and the plane cooperates; It is circular centre bore that the cross section is arranged in the middle of impact head (13) upper and lower side is equal, and centre bore namely is that runner also can be made safety vent; Swivel head (10) one ends have the hexagon installing hole, and line shaft (6) is inserted in the hexagonal hole, accept the power that line shaft transmits, and drive displacement, and output torque; Swivel head (10) has circular damper apertures on the barrel of other end certain position, allow liquid stream to pass through.
5. reciprocating type hydraulic impacter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: lower spring (16) be sleeved on that (18) form under lower contact (19) and the shell annular space in, one end contacts for movable with snap ring (14) end face, and the other end contacts with (18) under the shell; When lower spring (16) and snap ring (14) were compressed to interior cover (15) largest end face simultaneously, difference force acted directly on interior cover (15), and lower spring (16) is finished the conversion of stressed part; Simultaneously, lower spring (16) is used for the deadweight of balance-impact device moving component and fluid power in axial effect.
6. reciprocating type hydraulic impacter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: snap ring (14) has the certain width boss for inside, interior cover (15) is multidiameter spare, interior cover (15) is sleeved on snap ring (14) inside, snap ring (14) one ends are spacing by impacting head (13), and the boss in the other end relies in the cover (15) limits its axial displacement; Interior cover (15) is fixedlyed connected for screw thread with lower contact (19).
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| CN201310242299.7A CN103291214B (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2013-06-19 | Be applicable to the reciprocating hydraulic impacter of hard formation drilling well |
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| CN105239922A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2016-01-13 | 西南石油大学 | Local reciprocating type hydraulic-impact well drilling speed increasing tool |
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