CN103290293B - Lithium-aluminium alloy and production method thereof and purposes - Google Patents
Lithium-aluminium alloy and production method thereof and purposes Download PDFInfo
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- CN103290293B CN103290293B CN201310220464.9A CN201310220464A CN103290293B CN 103290293 B CN103290293 B CN 103290293B CN 201310220464 A CN201310220464 A CN 201310220464A CN 103290293 B CN103290293 B CN 103290293B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/40—Alloys based on alkali metals
- H01M4/405—Alloys based on lithium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C24/00—Alloys based on an alkali or an alkaline earth metal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The present invention relates to lithium-aluminium alloy and production method thereof and purposes, belong to secondary battery cathode material technical field.Technical problem solved by the invention there is provided the higher lithium-aluminium alloy of a kind of charge and discharge circulation life.Lithium-aluminium alloy of the present invention is made up of the component of following weight percent: aluminium 0.1 ~ 4.0wt%, and surplus is lithium and inevitable impurity.Lithium-aluminium alloy of the present invention, by adding the aluminium of certain content, has done modification to the performance of pure metal lithium, both having maintained lithium capacity advantage, and which in turn improved dendrite inhibition, is single-phase in its discharge and recharge, can not undergo phase transition, improve the charge and discharge circulation life of lithium-aluminium alloy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium-aluminium alloy and production method thereof and purposes, belong to secondary battery cathode material technical field.
Background technology
Lithium is a kind of argenteous metal, quality is very light, ductility is good, electroconductibility is strong, and electrochemical properties is quite active, and reductibility is extremely strong, its electrochemical equivalent is very little, for 0.259g/Ah, the theoretical specific capacity of lithium electrode reaches 3860Ah/kg, considerably beyond the 820Ah/kg of zinc and the 481Ah/kg of plumbous 260Ah/kg and cadmium.Meanwhile, the exchange current density of lithium electrode is comparatively large, only has very little polarization to produce in electrode reaction.
Metal lithium electrode uses as the negative pole of serondary lithium battery, have very large defect, major defect is as follows: the lithium metal battery utilizing lithium anode and common organic electrolyte to form also exists the problems such as cycle efficiency is low, security is bad, especially safety issue, battery when short circuit, overheated, overcharge or overdischarge, all may there is the thermal runaway of system, even cause blast.This commercialization being lithium metal battery brings many problems being difficult to overcome.But essentially, metallic lithium uses as secondary battery negative pole, main problem is: the continuous increase of the lower charge and discharge cycles efficiency that (1) complicated surface reaction causes and interface impedance; (2) generation of " dendrite " and " dead lithium ", the safety issue brought and electrode active material loss.
In order to suppress the formation of Li dendrite, people have carried out the many research work replacing lithium an-ode with lithium alloy.As patent JP-A-60-167280 discloses a kind of chargeable electrochemical device, it uses the alloy of lithium and other metal to suppress the formation of Li dendrite.Compared with pure metal lithium, lithium alloy and electrolytical interface more stable.So replace lithium to make the safety performance of battery be improved as negative pole with lithium alloy.Wherein a study hotspot with lithium alloy substituted metal lithium, as lithium-aluminium alloy, lithium-tin alloy etc.Existing experimental study proves: adding of alloying constituent can make metallic lithium have obviously superior stability in the electrolytic solution, decrease the non-faraday's reaction between electrolytic solution to a great extent, make SEI film more even simultaneously, improve the stability of metal lithium electrode.
And for example: application number be CN94104418 application discloses a kind of lithium-aluminium alloy for cell negative electrode material and manufacture method thereof, it is a kind of β phase LiAl alloy, its method for making is that raw material is placed in melting equipment, vacuumize and be filled with argon gas, heating continues to vacuumize, and is heated to 400-450 DEG C of stopping and vacuumizes, be filled with 0.05-0.5Pa argon, be heated to 710-800 DEG C, insulation 1-5 hour, is chilled to room temperature and makes lithium-aluminium alloy ingot.It is characterized in that, be β phase LiAl alloy, containing lithium 18-24%(weight percentage, lower same), containing aluminium 82-76%, fusing point 688 DEG C.But the lithium-aluminium alloy that aforesaid method obtains is containing lithium 18-24%(weight percentage), the alloying constituent content of non-lithium is very high, adds the electrode reaction current potential of lithium an-ode, reduces the specific energy of cathode of lithium.Further, in battery charge and discharge process, this negative material inevitably can produce phase transformation, thus causes the great variety of volume, causes the quick efflorescence of material, greatly reduces cycle life.The Mechanism of electrochemical behaviors of anhydrous of alloy material has been no longer dissolving one sedimentation mechanism of metallic lithium on negative pole, and becomes the insertion one of lithium ion in lithium alloy and deviate from mechanism.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the higher lithium-aluminium alloy of a kind of charge and discharge circulation life.
Lithium-aluminium alloy of the present invention is made up of the component of following weight percent: aluminium 0.1 ~ 4.0wt%, and surplus is lithium and inevitable impurity.
Further, as preferred technical scheme, lithium-aluminium alloy of the present invention is made up of the component of following weight percent: aluminium 0.1 ~ 1wt%, and surplus is lithium and inevitable impurity.
Further, present invention also offers a kind of method of producing lithium-aluminium alloy.
The method that the present invention produces lithium-aluminium alloy comprises the steps: metallic lithium and aluminium to mix by weight 24 ~ 1000:1, then under an inert atmosphere in 190 ~ 300 DEG C of meltings, and cooling, obtained lithium-aluminium alloy.The inventive method adopts the low smelting heat of 190 ~ 300 DEG C to produce lithium-aluminium alloy, not only makes energy consumption reduce, also makes conforming product rate greatly improve.
Wherein, the effect of the inert atmosphere in aforesaid method prevents the oxidized or nitrogenize of lithium, aluminium, and described inert atmosphere is preferably helium, neon, argon or Krypton atmosphere, the oxygen in atmosphere, nitrogen total amount preferably≤15ppm.Further, described inert atmosphere most preferably is argon atmospher.
Wherein, the too high easy generation safety problem of heat-up rate, the too low then production efficiency of heat-up rate declines, and in order to ensure production process safety, maintain in tolerance interval by production efficiency, the heat-up rate of aforesaid method melting preferably controls to be 200 ~ 300 DEG C/h simultaneously.
Wherein, in aforesaid method, the time controling of general melting be 1 ~ 8h can melting complete.
Further, according to specific needs, in aforesaid method, be also cooled to 190 ~ 230 DEG C after melting, cast, after having cast, be cooled to room temperature, the demoulding, obtained lithium-aluminium alloy.
Present invention also offers above-mentioned lithium-aluminium alloy and prepare the purposes in cell negative electrode material.
Lithium-aluminium alloy of the present invention, by adding the aluminium of certain content, has done modification to the performance of pure metal lithium, both having maintained lithium capacity advantage, and which in turn improved dendrite inhibition, is single-phase in its discharge and recharge, can not undergo phase transition, improve the charge and discharge circulation life of lithium-aluminium alloy.
Embodiment
Lithium-aluminium alloy of the present invention is made up of the component of following weight percent: aluminium 0.1 ~ 4.0wt%, and surplus is lithium and inevitable impurity.
Further, as preferred technical scheme, lithium-aluminium alloy of the present invention is made up of the component of following weight percent: aluminium 0.1 ~ 1wt%, and surplus is lithium and inevitable impurity.
Further, present invention also offers a kind of method of producing lithium-aluminium alloy.
The method that the present invention produces lithium-aluminium alloy comprises the steps: metallic lithium and aluminium to mix by weight 24 ~ 1000:1, then under an inert atmosphere in 190 ~ 300 DEG C of meltings, and cooling, obtained lithium-aluminium alloy.The inventive method adopts the low smelting heat of 190 ~ 300 DEG C to produce lithium-aluminium alloy, not only makes energy consumption reduce, also makes conforming product rate greatly improve.
Wherein, the effect of the inert atmosphere in aforesaid method prevents the oxidized or nitrogenize of lithium, aluminium, and described inert atmosphere is preferably helium, neon, argon or Krypton atmosphere, the oxygen in atmosphere, nitrogen total amount preferably≤15ppm.Further, described inert atmosphere most preferably is argon atmospher.
Wherein, the too high easy generation safety problem of heat-up rate, the too low then production efficiency of heat-up rate declines, and in order to ensure production process safety, maintain in tolerance interval by production efficiency, the heat-up rate of aforesaid method melting preferably controls to be 200 ~ 300 DEG C/h simultaneously.
Wherein, in aforesaid method, the time controling of general melting be 1 ~ 8h can melting complete.
Further, according to specific needs, in aforesaid method, be also cooled to 190 ~ 230 DEG C after melting, cast, after having cast, be cooled to room temperature, the demoulding, obtained lithium-aluminium alloy.
Present invention also offers above-mentioned lithium-aluminium alloy and prepare the purposes in cell negative electrode material.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is further described, does not therefore limit the present invention among described scope of embodiments.
The preparation of embodiment 1 lithium-aluminium alloy of the present invention
Ready metallic lithium, metallic aluminium are weight ratio by the lithium al proportion in the 99.80:0.15(embodiment of the present invention) put into crucible, vacuumize (0.1Pa), logical argon gas (9 × 10
4pa) replace twice, guarantee oxygen in tank, nitrogen total amount is not more than 15ppm.Start to heat up (300 DEG C/h), temperature rises to 220 DEG C, smelting time 2h.After alloying completes, be cooled to 210 DEG C, cast.After having cast, after the temperature of alloy pig reaches envrionment temperature, open tank body and carry out demoulding sampling.The sample taken out vacuumizes rapidly packaging, weighs, record.Gained lithium-aluminium alloy composition sees the following form 1.
Table 1
The preparation of embodiment 2 lithium-aluminium alloy of the present invention
Ready metallic lithium, metallic aluminium are put into crucible by 99.85:0.1, vacuumizes (0.1Pa), logical argon gas (9 × 10
4pa) replace twice, guarantee oxygen in tank, nitrogen total amount is not more than 15ppm.Start to heat up (300 DEG C/h), temperature rises to 190 DEG C, smelting time 8h.After alloying completes, be cooled to 190 DEG C, cast.After having cast, after the temperature of alloy pig reaches envrionment temperature, open tank body and carry out demoulding sampling.The sample taken out vacuumizes rapidly packaging, weighs, record.Gained lithium-aluminium alloy composition sees the following form 2.
Table 2
The preparation of embodiment 3 lithium-aluminium alloy of the present invention
Ready metallic lithium, metallic aluminium are put into crucible by 96:4, vacuumizes (0.1Pa), logical argon gas (9 × 10
4pa) replace twice, guarantee oxygen in tank, nitrogen total amount is not more than 15ppm.Start to heat up (300 DEG C/h), temperature rises to 300 DEG C, smelting time 1h.After alloying completes, be cooled to 210 DEG C, cast.After having cast, after the temperature of alloy pig reaches envrionment temperature, open tank body and carry out demoulding sampling.The sample taken out vacuumizes rapidly packaging, weighs, record.Gained lithium-aluminium alloy composition sees the following form 3.
Table 3
| Composition | Li | Al | N | Na | K | Ca | Si | Fe | Ni | Cl | Cu |
| Content (%) | 95.93 | 3.98 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.025 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.003 |
The preparation of embodiment 4 lithium-aluminium alloy of the present invention
Ready metallic lithium, metallic aluminium are put into crucible by shown in table 4, vacuumizes (0.1Pa), logical argon gas (9 × 10
4pa) replace twice, guarantee oxygen in tank, nitrogen total amount is not more than 15ppm.Start to heat up (200 ~ 300 DEG C/h), temperature rises to 190 ~ 300 DEG C, smelting time 1 ~ 8h.After alloying completes, be cooled to 190 ~ 230 DEG C, cast.After having cast, after the temperature of alloy pig reaches envrionment temperature, open tank body and carry out demoulding sampling.The sample taken out vacuumizes rapidly packaging, weighs, record.Gained lithium-aluminium alloy composition is in table 5.
Table 4
Table 5
Test example 1
Lithium-aluminium alloy embodiment 1,2,3,4 prepared is used as negative material and carries out charge-discharge test, measures the performance of lithium-aluminium alloy of the present invention.The iron lithium phosphate that positive electrode material adopts Sichuan Tianqi Lithium Industries.Inc. to produce, in positive plate, tackiness agent is 5%; Barrier film adopts three layers of PP/PE/PP; Make 1Ah flexible-packed battery.Adopt the cycle performance of 1C charge and discharge (charge cutoff voltage 3.8V, discharge cut-off voltage 2.0V) electricity assessment battery.
In addition, prepare lithium-aluminium alloy by the method for CN94104418, under equal conditions, carry out charge-discharge test.
Measurement result is as shown in table 6 below.The lithium-aluminium alloy numbering of producing in embodiment 4 is corresponding with table 6.
Table 6
| Numbering | Full piezoelectric voltage V | Cycle index | Capacity keeps | Cycle index | Capacity keeps |
| Embodiment 1 | 3.80 | 50 | 93% | 150 | 85% |
| Embodiment 2 | 3.80 | 50 | 90% | 150 | 84% |
| Embodiment 3 | 3.80 | 50 | 91% | 150 | 85% |
| 4-1 | 3.80 | 50 | 90% | 150 | 83% |
| 4-2 | 3.80 | 50 | 90% | 150 | 82% |
| 4-3 | 3.78 | 50 | 89% | 150 | 80% |
| 4-4 | 3.75 | 50 | 88% | 150 | 77% |
| 4-5 | 3.75 | 50 | 85% | 150 | 75% |
| 4-6 | 3.75 | 50 | 85% | 150 | 70% |
| 4-7 | 3.73 | 50 | 83% | 150 | 70% |
| 4-8 | 3.7 | 50 | 83% | 150 | 70% |
| 4-9 | 3.7 | 50 | 80% | 150 | 68% |
| 4-10 | 3.7 | 50 | 80% | 150 | 65% |
| CN94104418 | 3.5 | 50 | 75% | 150 | 50% |
Claims (1)
1. produce the method for lithium-aluminium alloy, it is characterized in that comprising the steps: metallic lithium and aluminium to mix, then under an inert atmosphere in 190 ~ 300 DEG C of meltings by weight 24 ~ 1000:1; Described inert atmosphere is helium, neon, argon or Krypton atmosphere, the oxygen in atmosphere, nitrogen total amount≤15ppm; The heat-up rate of melting is 200 ~ 300 DEG C/h, and the time of melting is 1 ~ 8h; Also be cooled to 190 ~ 230 DEG C after melting, cast, after having cast, be cooled to room temperature, the demoulding, obtained lithium-aluminium alloy.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310220464.9A CN103290293B (en) | 2013-06-05 | 2013-06-05 | Lithium-aluminium alloy and production method thereof and purposes |
| PCT/CN2014/074187 WO2014194709A1 (en) | 2013-06-05 | 2014-03-27 | Lithium-aluminium alloy and production method and use thereof |
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| CN201310220464.9A CN103290293B (en) | 2013-06-05 | 2013-06-05 | Lithium-aluminium alloy and production method thereof and purposes |
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| CN103290293B true CN103290293B (en) | 2016-02-24 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP3890089B1 (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2023-09-27 | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited | Lithium metal battery |
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| CN103290293B (en) * | 2013-06-05 | 2016-02-24 | 四川天齐锂业股份有限公司 | Lithium-aluminium alloy and production method thereof and purposes |
| CN104060141B (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2017-01-11 | 天齐锂业股份有限公司 | Vacuum synthesis method of lithium-aluminum alloy |
| CN105552348B (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2018-03-30 | 天津赫维科技有限公司 | A kind of 3V can fill the preparation method of button lithium battery lithium-aluminium alloy negative pole |
| CN106816578A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-06-09 | 佛山市尚好门窗有限责任公司 | A kind of lithium La-Al alloy |
| CN107068964A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-08-18 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | Lithium aluminum alloy surface modified lithium cathode and solid-state battery thereof |
| CN110120502B (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2022-02-18 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Lithium metal alloy negative electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN108376764B (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2020-07-28 | 西北工业大学 | Surface modification method for negative electrode of lithium secondary battery, Ag modified lithium electrode prepared by using method and application |
| CN111048744B (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2021-07-06 | 中国科学技术大学 | Metallic lithium alloy electrode material, preparation method thereof and metallic lithium secondary battery |
| CN109728242B (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2021-06-01 | 重庆天齐锂业有限责任公司 | Three-dimensional alloy lithium negative electrode, preparation method thereof and lithium secondary battery |
| CN109830646A (en) * | 2019-01-12 | 2019-05-31 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of composite metal negative pole and the battery comprising the cathode |
| US11217788B2 (en) | 2019-04-16 | 2022-01-04 | Board Of Trustees Of Northern Illinois University | Doped lithium anode, battery having a doped lithium anode, and methods of use thereof |
| US11168384B2 (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2021-11-09 | Fmc Lithium Usa Corp. | Process of preparing a lithium aluminum alloy |
| EP3985756A4 (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2022-08-24 | LG Energy Solution, Ltd. | Lithium-free battery and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN114050253A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-02-15 | 中山大学 | Preparation method and application of nano lithium alloy |
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| US3957532A (en) * | 1974-06-20 | 1976-05-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration | Method of preparing an electrode material of lithium-aluminum alloy |
| JPS59130070A (en) * | 1983-01-18 | 1984-07-26 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Nonaqueous electrolytic secondary battery |
| JPH06105612B2 (en) * | 1988-03-11 | 1994-12-21 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery |
| US5278005A (en) * | 1992-04-06 | 1994-01-11 | Advanced Energy Technologies Inc. | Electrochemical cell comprising dispersion alloy anode |
| CN1110721A (en) * | 1994-04-25 | 1995-10-25 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Lithium-aluminium alloy as cell's negative pole material and its manufacture method |
| CN100334756C (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2007-08-29 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Lithium primary battery |
| CN101280434A (en) * | 2007-04-05 | 2008-10-08 | 陆泰阳 | Method for preparing aluminum-lithium compound in atmospheric environment |
| CN201336331Y (en) * | 2008-11-10 | 2009-10-28 | 中银（宁波）电池有限公司 | Negative electrode lithium alloy tape for primary battery |
| CN103290293B (en) * | 2013-06-05 | 2016-02-24 | 四川天齐锂业股份有限公司 | Lithium-aluminium alloy and production method thereof and purposes |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP3890089B1 (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2023-09-27 | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited | Lithium metal battery |
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