CN103286310A - Particle-reinforced laser cladding alloy powder and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Particle-reinforced laser cladding alloy powder and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses particle-reinforced laser cladding alloy powder and a preparation method thereof. The particle-reinforced laser cladding alloy powder is characterized in that the alloy powder is composed of matrix alloy powder, carbide hard particles and binder, and composited powder is prepared by, according to a proportion, 50-98% of the matrix alloy powder, 1-45% of WC or TiC or WC and TiC mixed powder and 1-5% of the binder. The preparation method include the following steps: preparing the matrix alloy powder, adding the carbide particles, adding the binder, stirring and ball-milling, compositing powder, drying, smashing and screening. The alloy powder for laser cladding has high hardness and tenacity, has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance and is especially suitable for laser cladding of high-impact and high-wear-resistance working-condition parts, segregation caused by wide proportion difference of constituent elements in the process of storage, transport and use can be effectively prevented.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cladding alloy technology field, relate to a kind of cladding alloy powder and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of particle strengthens cladding alloy powder and preparation method thereof, and this particle strengthens the cladding alloy powder and is applicable to laser melting coating high abrasion operating mode parts.
Background technology
In the daily life and industrial production in modern times, the attrition and attack meeting of metal material appears at every field, be one of two big main modes of destroying component of machine, engineering component, corrosion will cause a large amount of consumption of machine components, and wearing and tearing then are to cause one of major reason of machine components inefficacy.They have also wasted ample resources in a large amount of metal materials of loss, occupy very large proportion in economic loss.
The inefficacy of the engineering component that high temperature, burn into friction and wear cause occurs in the surface mostly, and this phenomenon impels the material science worker to the very big concern of material surface, and impels the fast development of material surface modifying technology.People wish to make material surface obtain higher, specific serviceability when material monolithic keeps enough toughness and intensity, as wear-resisting, anti-corrosion and anti-oxidant etc.
It is reported that at present, in whole world industrialized country, the energy that consumes in wearing and tearing accounts for 1/2nd of gross energy, 60%～80% component of machine is arranged approximately owing to wear and tear and lost efficacy.A highly developed industrialized country, the annual economic loss that causes because of wearing and tearing almost accounts for 1%～2% of total value of production in national economy.For example, the U.S. every year on average since the economic loss that causes of wearing and tearing up to 20,000,000,000 dollars; The economic loss that Britain is caused by wearing and tearing every year on average is above 51,500 ten thousand pounds.In China, the economic loss that is caused by wearing and tearing is equally also quite serious.Only according to department's rough Statistics such as oil, chemical industry, coal, electric power, agricultural machinery, just there is steel consumption up to millions of tons every year in China in wearing and tearing, and economic loss reaches 200～30,000,000,000 yuan more than.Thus, the effect of attrition of metal material performance quality and the service life of machine components, and then affects the competitiveness of these machine components on market.
Simultaneously, the metal erosion problem also spreads all over the national economy every field, from most advanced branches of science The Application of Technology to industrial and agricultural production, the manufacturing that is applied to national defense industry from daily life, the place of every use metal material all exists etching problem in varying degrees.According to relevant expert's statistics, the whole world each divide half just to have one ton of steel to be etched into iron rust.For example, 1975, the economic loss that U.S. every year is caused by corrosion accounted for 4.9% of total value of production in national economy up to 82,000,000,000 dollars; Nineteen ninety-five, the U.S. is because the economic loss straight line that corrosion causes rises to 3,000 hundred million dollars.Statistics shows, in a country that industry is flourishing, the economic loss that causes because of corrosion accounts for 2%～4% of total value of production in national economy, surpasses the summation of the loss that all natural calamities such as floods, fire, earthquake and ancient measure of length, equal to 8 cun wind cause.Though China only is a developing country, because the loss that corrosion brings is also considerable, annual about 5,000 hundred million yuans, account for about 6% of Chinese national economy total output value.Only the economic loss that is caused by corrosion in oil and natural gas field every year is with regard to about 10,000,000,000 yuan, and coal industry is about 55.6 hundred million yuan by the fund waste that corrosion causes every year, then nearly 1,700,000,000 yuan of the corrosion loss in power system every year.
Therefore, from Limited resources and the energy, modern industrial production requires component of machine to have enough wear and corrosion behaviors, can extremely work long hours under the rugged environment at high temperature, high load capacity etc., and the attrition and attack problem that therefore solves metal is extremely urgent.
The laser melting coating ceramic technology can metal is high wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, the high temperature resistant and anti-oxidation characteristics of obdurability, favorable manufacturability and ceramic material excellence combine, being the surface strengthening technology of most worthy and competitiveness, also is one of focus of laser melting and coating technique development.
Laser melting coating is the technology of emerging a, fast development, it is under the irradiation of high-energy-density laser beam, the matrix surface skim melts simultaneously with the alloy that adds as required, forming thickness is 10～1000 μ m surface melting layers, rapid solidification is to satisfy the process that a certain property requires, be a new technology of multidisciplinary intersection such as material reciprocation and rapid solidification moulding in set laser heat fused, the molten bath, this technology obtains more careful research aspect surface treatment.
Because local surfaces is subjected to heat density big, spot diameter is little, and heated time is short, so the fusion zone is very little on the surface of the work, it is few to pass to the workpiece internal heat, has very big thermograde in the fusion zone, and cooling velocity can reach 10
4～10
9℃/s.Just because of rapid solidification, give the characteristics that alloy is different from normal freezing.As the laser melting coating of one of surface modification means, be suitable for top layer modification and the reparation of each metalloid.Cladding laser surfaces can keep former coating alloy composition (dilution rate 5～8%), and only there is very limited mutual diffusion region in the intersection at reflow zone and matrix, and this diffusion region realizes that just the metallurgical binding of coat and matrix is necessary.It can be coated in high performance alloy powder on the common material (workpiece), thereby obtains the face coat (as good coatings such as heat-resisting, anti-corrosion, wear-resisting, shock resistances) of excellent specific property.
Compare with traditional surface modification (thermal spraying, plasma spraying etc.) technology, it mainly contains following advantage: the interface is metallurgical binding; Organize superfine; It is low that the cladding layer composition evenly reaches dilution factor; Coating thickness is controlled; The heat distortion is little; Realize that easily constituency cladding and technical process easily realize automation.In process for modifying surface, laser melting coating has become comparison active research field.
The laser surface coating technology is one of the advanced subject in the material surface engineering field that grows up of middle nineteen seventies, both at home and abroad just flourish.Along with the development and perfection of superpower laser and supporting technology, it progressively moves towards commercial Application from laboratory research, will have great vitality in following material surface modifying field.Laser melting coating both can be used for the surface modification of traditional material, promoted the performance of material, can be used for the reparation of surface failure part again, so available matrix material is very extensive, as carbon steel, steel alloy, cast iron and aluminium alloy, copper alloy, nickel base superalloy etc.In addition, the material scientific research personnel has also developed amorphous state and quasi crystal coating etc.At present, more at the study on the modification on traditional material surface to laser technology both at home and abroad, the research of high-alloy steel, high-temperature alloy surface modification also has report, yet the application laser melting coating is repaired the practical engineering application of some components of machine and is but awaited further popularization, main cause is that problems such as crackle, coating be inhomogeneous are often arranged in the laser cladding process, awaits the further research of scientific worker.
That the state of laser melting coating layer material generally has is Powdered, thread, paste etc.In addition also can be with sheet metal, sintered metal product, steel band and welding rod etc. as cladding material, wherein alloy powder is most widely used in laser melting and coating technique.
Look actual the environment for use condition difference of workpiece, also different to the performance requirement of surface coating.The cladding alloy system mainly contains ferrous alloy, nickel-base alloy, cobalt-base alloys and composite alloy powder etc.Iron(-)base powder is suitable for the part of the local wear-resisting and easy deformation of requirement; Nickel-base alloy is suitable for that the requirement part is wear-resisting, the member of heat and corrosion resistant and thermal fatigue resistance, and required laser power density is than the summary height of cladding ferrous alloy; Co-based alloy coating is suitable for the part of wear-resisting, the anti-corrosion and thermal fatigue resistance of requirement; Ceramic coating at high temperature has higher intensity, and Heat stability is good, and the chemical stability height is applicable to the part of wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, high temperature resistant and non-oxidizability.
Wear-resistant coating is to study to such an extent that also be maximum a kind the earliest in the laser melting coating ceramic coating.Though Ni base, Co base, Fe base self-fluxing alloy itself just have good wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, heat resistance, utilize their laser cladding layer carry out material surface strengthening the research report oneself through a lot.But under the serious condition of slip, impact wear and abrasive wear, simple Ni base, Co base, the not competent instructions for use of Fe base self-melting alloy.
Composite is a kind of novel surface peening engineering material, metal and metal, metal and pottery, pottery and pottery etc., between the alloy powder and the range of choice of the collocation between alloy powder and the pottery very extensive.The various dystectic carbide, nitride, boride and the ceramic oxide particle that in the alloy powder system of above-mentioned laser melting coating, add certain content have been carried out in recent years both at home and abroad for this reason, make cermet composite coating even pure ceramic coating, to improve the wearability of cladding layer.
Can prepare high performance composite coating although adopt composite to carry out laser melting coating, but at present domesticly still be in the research in laboratory mostly, and its preparation technology adopts the WC powder of nickel-based self-fluxing alloy with certain content mixed in the laboratory, add saturated turpentine oil or homemade organic binder bond then, furnishing slip or paste, precoating is overlying on the workpiece, carries out laser melting coating or sintering then.Its hard particles that adds is big, density is different with parent metal, and the distribution of particle in cladding layer is often inhomogeneous, presents gradient usually and distributes; The wetability of added granular materials and matrix, stability, the coefficient of expansion and chemical reactivity etc. all cause the inhomogeneities of the microstructure and property of cladding layer.And prepared combination powder since each constituent element proportion differ greatly, thereby in storage, transportation and use and easily produce segregation.Can't carry out the commercialization market supply, not seeing as yet on market at present has particle to strengthen the merchandise sales of laser melting coating special powder.For above-mentioned reasons, do not see laser melting coating special combination powder so far as yet, thereby restricted the application of laser melting coating on high abrasion operating mode field.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to avoid above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, develop and a kind ofly can satisfy that required a kind of particle strengthens cladding alloy powder and preparation method thereof under the serious abrasive wear working condition of engineering machinery.
For achieving the above object, the present invention can and add carbide particle and realize with corresponding technology of preparing scheme by following basic design of chemical composition:
A kind of particle provided by the present invention strengthens the cladding alloy powder and is made up of matrix alloy powder and carbide hard particle and binding agent, its proportioning is: 50～98% matrix alloy powder, the mixture powder of 1～45% WC or TiC or WC and TiC, 1～5% adhesive preparation become the combination powder; Wherein the chemical composition of matrix alloy and mass percent thereof are;
0.3～0.6%C, 2.0～3.5%Si, 2～4%B, 18～28% Cr, 8～11%Cu, 6～8%W, 5～8% Mo,＜15% Fe, 0.1～0.4%Ce, 0.2～0.3%La
2O
3, Ni surplus and unavoidable impurities element.
Particle provided by the present invention strengthens cladding alloy powder and preparation method thereof, and its step of preparation process is:
Matrix alloy powder preparation → interpolation carbide particle → interpolation binding agent → stirring ball-milling → combination powder → drying → fragmentation → screening; Concrete processing step is as follows:
(1) matrix alloy preparation
The technological process of matrix alloy powder preparation is: batching → melting → atomizing → drying → screening;
Batching: raw material is pure nickel, graphite powder, FeCr, FeB, FeSi, Cu, W, Mo, La
2O, Ce;
Melting: the above-mentioned raw material for preparing is carried out melting in vaccum sensitive stove or intermediate frequency furnace, fusion temperature is about 1250～1350 ℃, control carbon content reach requirement, the stokehold be adjusted to branch qualified after, 1200～1280 ℃ of tapping temperatures;
Atomizing: adopt indifferent gas or hydraulic atomized, atomizing aperture 5～10mm, atomizing pressure, 10～14 MPa;
Dry: device therefor is the far infrared drying machine, and bake out temperature is 220～280 ℃;
Screening: sifting out particle size range by sieving machine is that+150 orders～-350 purpose powder are as finished powder;
(2) add carbide particle
Choose particle size range for the mixture powder of+150 orders～commercially available WC of-350 purposes or TiC powder or WC and TiC as strengthening hard particles;
(3) add binding agent
Adopt phenolic resins, epoxy resin or the waterglass of heat curing-type to make binding agent, add cyclohexanone or methanol solvate, make it be dissolved into resin solution;
(4) stirring ball-milling
After the matrix alloy powder for preparing and WC or TiC powder and binding agent be configured according to required ratio, pour in the agitating ball mill, make it be dissolved into resin solution in cyclohexanone or methanol solvate the resin dissolves of required dosage; Pour into after stirring in the mixed powder of required processing in the ball mill, the abrading-ball of sphere diameter 10～20mm is joined in the agitating ball mill after 2:1～the 3:1 ratio of grinding media to material prepares, the starting agitating ball mill, abundant stirring ball-milling through 5～60 hours, each component of mixed powder and resin liquid all are evenly distributed, each constituent element powder particle is wrapped up, and be bonded together, be prepared into the combination powder;
(5) drying
The combination powder that ball milling is good is poured out from ball mill, then through 150～200 ℃ of dryings;
(6) broken and screening
The combination powder that drying is good carries out fragmentation, by sieving machine sift out particle size range for+150 orders～-350 purpose powder respectively as finished powder, namely get required composition, desired particle size grade and don't the combination powder of solute segregation can take place.
Claims (1)
1. a particle strengthens cladding alloy powder and preparation method thereof, it is characterized in that: particle strengthens the cladding alloy powder and is made up of matrix alloy powder and carbide hard particle and binding agent, its proportioning is: 50～98% matrix alloy powder, the mixture powder of 1～45% WC or TiC or WC and TiC, 1～5% adhesive preparation become the combination powder; Wherein the chemical composition of matrix alloy and mass percent thereof are:
0.3～0.6%C, 2.0～3.5%Si, 2～4%B, 18～28% Cr, 8～11%Cu, 6～8%W, 5～8% Mo,＜15% Fe, 0.1～0.4%Ce, 0.2～0.3%La
2O
3, Ni surplus and unavoidable impurities element, its step of preparation process is:
Matrix alloy powder preparation → interpolation carbide particle → interpolation binding agent → stirring ball-milling → combination powder → drying → fragmentation → screening; Concrete processing step is as follows:
(1) matrix alloy preparation
The technological process of matrix alloy powder preparation is: batching → melting → atomizing → drying → screening;
Batching: raw material is pure nickel, graphite powder, FeCr, FeB, FeSi, Cu, W, Mo, La
2O, Ce;
Melting: the above-mentioned raw material for preparing is carried out melting in vaccum sensitive stove or intermediate frequency furnace, fusion temperature is about 1250 ℃～1350 ℃, control carbon content reach requirement, the stokehold be adjusted to branch qualified after, 1200～1280 ℃ of tapping temperatures;
Atomizing: adopt indifferent gas or hydraulic atomized, atomizing aperture 5～10mm, atomizing pressure, 10～14 MPa;
Dry: device therefor is the far infrared drying machine, and bake out temperature is 220 ℃～280 ℃;
Screening: sifting out particle size range by sieving machine is that+150 orders～-350 purpose powder are as finished powder;
(2) add carbide particle
Choose particle size range for the mixture powder of+150 orders～commercially available WC of-350 purposes or TiC powder or WC and TiC as strengthening hard particles;
(3) add binding agent
Adopt phenolic resins, epoxy resin or the waterglass of heat curing-type to make binding agent, add cyclohexanone or methanol solvate, make it be dissolved into resin solution;
(4) stirring ball-milling
After the matrix alloy powder for preparing and WC or TiC powder and binding agent be configured according to required ratio, pour in the agitating ball mill, make it be dissolved into resin solution in cyclohexanone or methanol solvate the resin dissolves of required dosage; Pour into after stirring in the mixed powder of required processing in the ball mill, the abrading-ball of sphere diameter 10～20mm is joined in the agitating ball mill after 2:1～the 3:1 ratio of grinding media to material prepares, the starting agitating ball mill, abundant stirring ball-milling through 5～60 hours, each component of mixed powder and resin liquid all are evenly distributed, each constituent element powder particle is wrapped up, and be bonded together, be prepared into the combination powder;
(5) drying
The combination powder that ball milling is good is poured out from ball mill, then through 150 ℃～200 ℃ dryings;
(6) broken and screening
The combination powder that drying is good carries out fragmentation, by sieving machine sift out particle size range for+150 orders～-350 purpose powder respectively as finished powder, namely get required composition, desired particle size grade and don't the combination powder of solute segregation can take place.
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| CN103495737A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-01-08 | 江苏盛伟模具材料有限公司 | Alloy powder made of micro-nanometer particles through enhanced laser cladding and method for preparing same |
| CN103866320A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-06-18 | 北京工业大学 | Method for improving nickel-based tungsten carbide laser cladding coat |
| CN105112908A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2015-12-02 | 温州大学 | Laser-cladding tungsten carbide ceramic particle reinforced metal-based coating and processing method thereof |
| CN105316557A (en) * | 2015-11-29 | 2016-02-10 | 印杰 | Boron-containing laser-cladding alloy powder |
| CN106757000A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 华北水利水电大学 | The method that composite anti-corrosive coating is prepared using laser melting and coating technique |
| WO2018094969A1 (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2018-05-31 | 大连理工大学 | Micro-nano composite powder dedicated to laser repairing for micro-cracks on stainless steel surface |
| CN110195205A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-09-03 | 中国矿业大学徐海学院 | A kind of preparation method of material surface anticorrosion antiwear alloy coat |
| CN110684973A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2020-01-14 | 山东建筑大学 | La preparation through TIG cladding2O3Method for modifying composite materials |
| CN112226760A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-15 | 西安特种设备检验检测院 | Preparation method of wear-resistant coating of traction sheave of high-speed elevator |
| CN113322460A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-31 | 江苏宇通干燥工程有限公司 | Processing method of vacuum equipment adopting laser cladding technology |
| CN113774378A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-12-10 | 陕煤集团神南产业发展有限公司 | Composite cladding remanufacturing method of coal mine wear-resistant toothed plate |
| CN113832461A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-24 | 浙江亚通焊材有限公司 | Nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding, ceramic particle reinforced composite powder and application |
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| CN103495737A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-01-08 | 江苏盛伟模具材料有限公司 | Alloy powder made of micro-nanometer particles through enhanced laser cladding and method for preparing same |
| CN103866320A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-06-18 | 北京工业大学 | Method for improving nickel-based tungsten carbide laser cladding coat |
| CN103866320B (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2016-05-18 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of method of improving tungsten carbide of nickel-base laser cladding coating |
| CN105112908A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2015-12-02 | 温州大学 | Laser-cladding tungsten carbide ceramic particle reinforced metal-based coating and processing method thereof |
| CN105112908B (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-12-08 | 温州大学 | Laser melting coating tungsten carbide ceramics particles strengthen metal based coating and its processing method |
| CN105316557A (en) * | 2015-11-29 | 2016-02-10 | 印杰 | Boron-containing laser-cladding alloy powder |
| US11027334B2 (en) | 2016-11-24 | 2021-06-08 | Dalian University Of Technology | Micro-nano composite powder dedicated for laser repair of tiny cracks in stainless steel surface |
| WO2018094969A1 (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2018-05-31 | 大连理工大学 | Micro-nano composite powder dedicated to laser repairing for micro-cracks on stainless steel surface |
| CN106757000A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 华北水利水电大学 | The method that composite anti-corrosive coating is prepared using laser melting and coating technique |
| CN110684973A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2020-01-14 | 山东建筑大学 | La preparation through TIG cladding2O3Method for modifying composite materials |
| CN110195205A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-09-03 | 中国矿业大学徐海学院 | A kind of preparation method of material surface anticorrosion antiwear alloy coat |
| CN112226760A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-15 | 西安特种设备检验检测院 | Preparation method of wear-resistant coating of traction sheave of high-speed elevator |
| CN112226760B (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2023-02-21 | 西安特种设备检验检测院 | Preparation method of wear-resistant coating of traction sheave of high-speed elevator |
| CN113322460A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-31 | 江苏宇通干燥工程有限公司 | Processing method of vacuum equipment adopting laser cladding technology |
| CN113774378A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-12-10 | 陕煤集团神南产业发展有限公司 | Composite cladding remanufacturing method of coal mine wear-resistant toothed plate |
| CN113832461A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-24 | 浙江亚通焊材有限公司 | Nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding, ceramic particle reinforced composite powder and application |
| CN113832461B (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2024-03-29 | 浙江亚通新材料股份有限公司 | Nickel-based alloy powder for laser cladding, ceramic particle reinforced composite powder and application |
| CN114433837A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-06 | 恒普(宁波)激光科技有限公司 | Heterogeneous phase interface strengthening method and product |
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Application publication date: 20130911 |