CN103281703B - A kind of cognitive radio networks frequency spectrum pricing method based on theory of games - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of cognitive radio networks master user spectrum allocation method based on theory of games, belongs to wireless communication technology field, particularly cognitive radio networks field.The present invention is by sharing frequency spectrum optimization price in cognitive radio networks, it is achieved primary user combines maximization of utility.Set up primary user each subchannel cognitive user demand function DklAnd primary user combines utility function UtotalThe optimization pricing problem that multiple for cognitive radio networks primary users share frequency spectrum for cognitive user is modeled as Cooperative reference, income is combined by maximizing primary user, obtain the primary user optimal spectrum pricing strategy collection present invention to have considered multiple primary users in cognition network and combine effectiveness and cognitive user access performance, can effectively realize frequency spectrum resource optimization to share, improve system spectral resources utilization rate, alleviate frequency spectrum resource scarcity problem.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication field, particularly cognition wireless electrical domain frequency spectrum pricing method.
Background technology
The fast development of wireless communication technology and the constantly growth frequency wireless to communication system of wireless application demand
The demand of spectrum increases day by day.Traditional fixed frequency spectrum distribution method causes partial-band dog-eat-dog, frequency spectrum
Resource is the deficientest, and on the other hand, band segment has the most distributed frequency spectrum and failed fully to use, and causes
The availability of frequency spectrum is low.For being effectively improved frequency spectrum resource utilization rate, alleviate frequency spectrum resource scarcity problem, adopt
Receive significant attention in recent years with the cognitive radio technology of dynamic spectrum access mechanism.
Cognitive radio system uses cognition wireless electric terminals based on software and radio technique, it is possible to dynamically
Perception usable spectrum, optimizes, changes transmission parameter, perform software and hardware and reconfigure, use not affecting mandate
Dynamic, intelligence access idle frequency spectrum in the case of family (primary user) proper communication, it is achieved unauthorized user (is recognized
Know user) data transmission, cognitive radio technology can effectively realize sharing frequency spectrum resource, improves frequency spectrum
Utilization rate, solves the problem that frequency spectrum resource is deficient.
In cognitive radio networks, cognitive user, by accessing primary user's idle frequency spectrum, can realize its communication
Demand；And primary user is by providing frequency spectrum to access for cognitive user, certain frequency spectrum share income can be obtained,
And then encourage its frequency spectrum share behavior.There is multiple cognitive user contention access primary user's usable spectrum
In cognition network, primary user can use specific frequency spectrum pricing strategy, to realize its optimal utility.Recognize
Know the frequency spectrum pricing strategy of network, to ensureing that primary user's effectiveness and cognitive user access satisfaction, improve net
Network frequency spectrum resource utilization rate is the most significant.
Study consideration cognitive user frequency spectrum pricing scheme at present, such as Application No. 201010274853.6
Chinese patent application " based on game theoretic graduation price dynamic spectrum resource management method ", propose one
For the dynamic pricing mechanism of different brackets user in heterogeneous network.In this mechanism, base station is according to cognitive user
Spectrum requirement situation, first carry out frequency spectrum and tentatively fix a price, then cognitive user is divided into priority not
Same grade, carries out frequency spectrum price based on theory of games between different brackets user.Application No.
The Chinese patent application " based on Game Theory and the frequency spectrum sharing method of compensation incentive " of 201110106062.7,
A kind of method proposing cognitive radio master-slave user frequency spectrum share based on theory of games, the method base
In auction theory, i.e. primary user auctions frequency spectrum, from user's competitive bidding, sets up the partnership between user,
And use currency indemnity excitation principle, establish and select rich with each frequency spectrum from user's income as utility function
Play chess model.The many considerations of above method are from customer service demand and optimization utility, but do not consider from user
Resource requirement and primary user's performance optimize, it is impossible to realize overall system performance optimization.
Summary of the invention
For ensureing primary user's frequency spectrum effectiveness and cognitive user access performance, it is achieved sharing frequency spectrum resource, improve
System spectral resources utilization rate, alleviates frequency spectrum resource scarcity problem, and the present invention proposes a kind of based on game theory
Primary user's frequency spectrum pricing method, by primary user in cognitive radio network be cognitive user provide share frequency
The optimization pricing problem of spectrum is modeled as Cooperative reference, according to each channel knowledge user's request function and master
User combines utility function, by Optimization Solution Cooperative reference, obtains primary user's optimal spectrum strategy
Collection.
The present invention solves the technical scheme of above-mentioned technical problem, proposes a kind of cognition based on theory of games
Radio net primary user's frequency spectrum pricing method, in modeled network, each primary user is game player, sets up
The frequency spectrum price collection of corresponding N number of primary user is combined into { P1,P2,… Pn …,PN}；According to the cognitive user characteristic of channel
And primary user's Pricing Factor, set up each subchannel cognitive user demand function；Determine revenue of primary user function
Wn；Determine primary user cost function Cn；Share the revenue function of frequency spectrum generation based on primary user and need to pay
Cost function, Pricing Factor and each channel knowledge user's request function, according to formula Un=Wn-CnSet up
Each primary user's utility function, according to formulaSet up primary user and combine utility function, by optimizing
Solve above-mentioned primary user and combine utility function, primary user's optimal spectrum set of strategiesRealize primary user and combine maximization of utility.
Wherein, according to the cognitive user characteristic of channel and primary user's Pricing Factor, call formula:Determine the kth cognitive user the l son letter to [l/M] individual primary user
The demand function D in roadkl, wherein, ρkFor kth cognitive user spectrum requirement coefficient, εnIt is the n-th master
User's price of spectrum factor, RklFor kth cognitive user data rate on the l channel, SkAnd
Represent the data rate sensitive factor and the drift rate of kth cognitive user respectively.The channel of each primary user is drawn
Being divided into M sub-channels, each cognitive user takies a sub-channels, according to formula
Calculating the n-th primary user and share revenue function produced by frequency spectrum, wherein, K represents cognitive user sum,
δklCan be defined as by mark for frequency spectrumCall formula:Calculate n-th primary user's cost function, wherein, ζnRepresent that n-th is main
User support cognitive user accesses the cost factor that channel is intended paying, eklRepresent that kth cognitive user is at l
Efficiency factor on individual channel.
(1) based on theory of games, in modeling cognitive radio networks, multiple primary users are for cognitive user altogether
Enjoy the optimization pricing problem of frequency spectrum；(2) the associating effectiveness of multiple primary user is considered, by the problems referred to above
It is modeled as Cooperative reference；(3) based on primary user's frequency spectrum revenue function and cost function, Pricing Factor
And each channel knowledge user's request function of present invention modeling, model each primary user's utility function, by right
Cooperative reference solves the optimal spectrum pricing strategy collection obtained and makes the associating effectiveness of all primary users
Excellent.
The present invention is directed to the multiple cognitive user of cognitive radio networks and access the applied field of primary user's usable spectrum
Scape, it is achieved primary user's optimization to frequency spectrum.Multiple primary users are shared for cognitive user the optimization of frequency spectrum
Problem is modeled as Cooperative reference, and by this model of Optimization Solution, available corresponding primary user combines effectiveness
Optimized optimal pricing strategy collection.The method can effectively solve wireless network intermediate frequency spectrum resource anxiety problem,
And on the basis of meeting cognitive user business demand, it is achieved primary user's overall performance optimization.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 each primary user subchannel divides schematic diagram
Fig. 2 cognitive radio networks based on theory of games primary user's frequency spectrum pricing method flow chart
Detailed description of the invention
For the object of the invention, technical scheme and advantage being expressed clearer, below with UMTS
As a example by network, in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail.Following example
Son is used for illustrating the present invention, but does not limits the scope of the invention.The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization:
There is N number of primary user and K cognitive user in assuming network's coverage area, each primary user's can
It is M sub-channels with channel with time division multiplex (TDD) mode division, if each son of the n-th primary user
Channel width is identical, is designated as Bn, each cognitive user can take primary user's subchannel and communicate,
It is illustrated in figure 1 primary user's channel and divides schematic diagram.
Each primary user provides shared frequency spectrum to support cognitive user business demand, and based on frequency spectrum price acquisition one
Determining income, cognitive user shares primary user's frequency spectrum resource, it is achieved its communication requirement.Consider each primary
Multiple primary users can be shared frequency spectrum for cognitive user based on theory of games thought by family associating effectiveness
Optimization problem is modeled as Cooperative reference.
Determine that game player is for each primary user in network；To the n-th primary user, for cognitive user
Unit frequency spectrum price Pn, 1≤n≤N, the frequency spectrum price collection of the most corresponding N number of primary user is combined into
{P1,P2,… Pn …,PN}；Determine that utility function is each primary user's utility function and primary user combines effectiveness letter
Number.According to the cognitive user characteristic of channel and primary user's Pricing Factor, call formula:Set up each subchannel cognitive user demand function, DklUse for kth cognition
[demand function of the l sub-channels of l/M primary user, [x] represents and rounds x to the at family.
Wherein, ρkFor kth cognitive user spectrum requirement coefficient, εnBe n-th primary user's price of spectrum because of
Son, RklFor kth cognitive user data rate on the l channel, it may be assumed that
Rkl=Bn log2(1+γkl), wherein, BnIt is each subchannel bandwidth of the n-th primary user, γklBelieve for link
Make an uproar ratio, SkAndRepresent the data rate sensitive factor and the drift rate of kth cognitive user respectively.
Based on primary user's frequency spectrum revenue function and cost function, Pricing Factor and each channel knowledge user's request
Function, shares revenue function W produced by frequency spectrum according to the n-th primary usernWith the cost function that need to pay
Ck, setting up each primary user's utility function model is Un=Wn-Cn, 1≤n≤N.Assume the letter of each primary user
Road all can be divided into M sub-channels number, and each cognitive user takies a sub-channels, and the n-th primary user receives
Benefit function is:Wherein, K represents cognitive user sum；δklCan use for frequency spectrum
Mark, is defined as
N-th primary user's cost function is:Wherein, ζnRepresent n-th
Primary user supports that cognitive user accesses the cost factor that channel is intended paying, eklRepresent that kth cognitive user is the
Efficiency factor on l channel.
According to formulaMaximize primary user and combine income, primary user's optimal pricing strategy collection can be obtained
Fig. 2 is cognitive radio networks primary user's frequency spectrum price side based on theory of games that the present invention proposes
Method flow chart, specifically includes:
301: determine game player.Multiple for cognitive radio networks primary users are shared for cognitive user
The optimization pricing problem of frequency spectrum is modeled as Cooperative reference, in this Cooperative reference, and modeled network
In each primary user be game player.
302: establish player's strategy.The strategy of primary user is the unit frequency spectrum price point for cognitive user
Wei P1And P2, the frequency spectrum price collection of the most corresponding N number of primary user is combined into { P1,P2,… Pn …,PN}。
303: determine cognitive user demand function Dkl。
According to the cognitive user characteristic of channel and primary user's Pricing Factor, set up each subchannel cognitive user demand
Function.Determine according to formula:Kth cognitive user is to [l/M] individual master
The demand function D of the l sub-channels of userkl, wherein, ρkFor kth cognitive user spectrum requirement system
Number, εnIt is n-th primary user's price of spectrum factor, RklFor kth cognitive user on the l channel
Data rate, it may be assumed that Rkl=Bn log2(1+γkl), wherein, BnIt it is each subchannel of the n-th primary user
Bandwidth, γklFor link signal to noise ratio,PkFor the transmit power of kth cognitive user, hklFor
Kth cognitive user channel coefficients on the l channel, N0For noise power, SkAndTable respectively
Show the data rate sensitive factor and the drift rate of kth cognitive user.
304: determine player revenue function Wn。
Assuming that the channel of each primary user all can be divided into M sub-channels number, each cognitive user takies a son
Channel, calculates each primary user according to primary user's price with cognitive user demand function and shares produced by frequency spectrum
Revenue function, according to formulaCalculate the n-th revenue of primary user function.Wherein,
K represents cognitive user sum, δklCan be defined as by mark for frequency spectrum
305: determine player cost function Cn。
According to each primary users of factor definition such as primary user's cost factor and each subchannel cognitive user demand functions
Sharing the cost function that frequency spectrum need to pay, setting up n-th primary user's cost function is:Wherein, ζnRepresent that the n-th primary user supports that cognitive user accesses channel and intends
The cost factor paid, eklRepresent kth cognitive user efficiency factor on the l channel.
306: determine player's utility function: Un=Wn-Cn。
Share, based on primary user, revenue function and the cost function that need to pay that frequency spectrum produces, Pricing Factor and
Each channel knowledge user's request function, according to formula Un=Wn-CnSet up each primary user's utility function,
1≤n≤N。
307: calculate player and combine utility function:Based on each primary user's utility function,
According to formulaSet up primary user and combine utility function.
308: maximize player and combine utility function.
By the above-mentioned betting model of Optimization Solution, primary user's optimal spectrum pricing strategy collectionPrimary user's associating is realized according to primary user's optimal spectrum pricing strategy collection
Maximization of utility.
Above-described embodiment assumes that covering scene is UMTS network, and described method can be extended to other cognitive nets
Network scene application scenarios.The above is only embodiments of the present invention, it is noted that for this technology
For the those of ordinary skill in field, on the premise of without departing from the technology of the present invention principle, it is also possible to make
Some improvement and deformation, these improve and deformation also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. cognitive radio networks primary user's frequency spectrum pricing method based on theory of games, it is characterised in that in modeled network, each primary user is game player, the frequency spectrum price collection setting up corresponding N number of primary user is combined into { P1,P2,…Pn…,PN}；According to the cognitive user characteristic of channel and primary user's Pricing Factor, set up the cognitive user demand function to each subchannel, according to the cognitive user characteristic of channel and primary user's Pricing Factor, call formula:Determine the kth cognitive user demand function D to the l sub-channels of [l/M] individual primary userkl, wherein, ρkFor kth cognitive user spectrum requirement coefficient, εnIt is n-th primary user's price of spectrum factor, RklFor kth cognitive user data rate on the l channel, SkAndRepresent the data rate sensitive factor and the drift rate of kth cognitive user respectively；The channel of each primary user is divided into M sub-channels, and each cognitive user takies a sub-channels, according to formulaCalculate the n-th primary user and share revenue function W produced by frequency spectrumn, wherein, K represents cognitive user sum, δklCan be defined as by mark for frequency spectrumFunction and cost factor call formula according to demand:Calculate the n-th primary user cost function Cn, wherein, ζnRepresent that the n-th primary user supports that cognitive user accesses the cost factor of channel, eklRepresent kth cognitive user efficiency factor on the l channel；Sharing the revenue function that frequency spectrum produces and the cost function that need to pay based on primary user, Pricing Factor and each channel knowledge user's request function, according to formula Un=Wn-CnSet up each primary user's utility function, according to formulaSet up primary user and combine utility function, combine utility function, primary user's optimal spectrum set of strategies by the above-mentioned primary user of Optimization SolutionRealize primary user and combine maximization of utility.
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| CN103442368B (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2016-03-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Based on the frequency spectrum distributing method of potential game in cognitive radio system |
| CN103906245B (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2017-10-27 | 浙江理工大学 | A kind of radio sensing network distributed rate control method |
| CN103747446A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-04-23 | 镇江锐捷信息科技有限公司 | Cognitive wireless network all-win dynamic frequency spectrum resource management method |
| CN103929819B (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2017-04-12 | 重庆邮电大学 | Cognitive radio network slave user combination price-fixing and resource distributing method |
| CN103997740B (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2017-10-10 | 重庆邮电大学 | Cognitive-Cooperation network association resource allocation methods based on optimization utility |
| CN104270768B (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2017-07-25 | 重庆邮电大学 | Frequency spectrum sharing method based on Stark Burger game in cooperative cognitive wireless network |
| CN104284339B (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2018-03-06 | 西安电子科技大学 | Cognitive radio spectrum allocation method based on game theory and evolutionary computation |
| CN104735677B (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2018-01-09 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of distributed frequency spectrum sharing method based on incomplete network environment information |
| CN105704722B (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2019-04-23 | 浙江工业大学 | Spectrum resource allocation method based on grouping game exchange and optimization power control |
| CN109413659B (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-07-12 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of frequency spectrum leasing method of cognitive radio networks |
| CN112738811B (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-06-24 | 重庆理工大学 | Spectrum sharing method for network slices in cognitive capacity collection network |
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