CN103267798A - Measuring device and measuring method of high-concentration tritium in gas - Google Patents
Measuring device and measuring method of high-concentration tritium in gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN103267798A CN103267798A CN2013101842676A CN201310184267A CN103267798A CN 103267798 A CN103267798 A CN 103267798A CN 2013101842676 A CN2013101842676 A CN 2013101842676A CN 201310184267 A CN201310184267 A CN 201310184267A CN 103267798 A CN103267798 A CN 103267798A
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Abstract
The invention provides a measuring device and a measuring method of high-concentration tritium in a gas. The measuring device is composed of two cylindrical ionization chambers having the same structure and material while different dimensions. The measuring method comprises the following steps: sequentially passing a tritium-containing gas by the two ionization chambers in the measuring device provided by the invention, driving the two ionization chambers in the measuring device to work under a compensation mode, and obtaining the concentration of tritium in the gas in a signal coincidence manner. The measuring device provided by the invention can completely eliminate the effect of memory effect caused by tritium adsorption of the ionization chamber walls on the measurement result when measuring the high-concentration tritium in the gas so as to accurately measure the tritium in the gas for a long time under a high concentration condition. The measuring device and the measuring method provided by the invention completely meet real-time and continuous measurement demands on the high-concentration tritium in various occasions.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radiation protection and environmental protection technical field, be specifically related to a kind of gas middle and high concentration tritium measurement mechanism and measuring method thereof.Be applicable to the real-time measurement of tritium concentration in tritium operator casing, secondary containers and other tritium containment vessel.
Background technology
Tritium is unique radioactive isotope of hydrogen, and the β ray ceiling capacity that the tritium decay is sent is 18.6keV, and its average energy is 5.65keV.Tritium may corrode containing material production, or causes the degeneration (embrittlement, aging) of material property.And, tritium can also endanger through sucking, eat and enter human body through intact skin infiltration, being absorbed by tissue and make it to be subjected to internal radiation, because its radiological hazard and its characteristic in environment, in the radiation protection monitoring, the monitoring of tritium comes into one's own day by day.
The penetration capacity of the low energy β particle of tritium very a little less than, maximum range is 6 μ m in water, maximum range is 5mm only in air, is difficult to measure with common beta rediation detector, so want measurement of tritium to introduce the inside of detector and measure containing tritium gas.
At present, the measurement at gas middle and high concentration tritium all is methods of the ionization chamber of employing.Yet, when tritium concentration is high, when especially tritiated water steam exists, ionization chamber will cause ionization chamber background raise greatly (will raise 2 generally speaking more than the order of magnitude) to a large amount of absorption of tritium owing to the locular wall material, this will directly cause the ionization chamber measurement result higher when the tritium concentration continuous monitoring, can't accurately measure.In addition, pollute comparatively difficulty of back ionization chamber decontamination, need make the ionization chamber background recover normal for a long time.
Summary of the invention
Survey in the tritium memory effect that the absorption of tritium is produced owing to locular wall in order to eliminate ionization chamber in the prior art, improve the accuracy that the high concentration tritium is measured, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of gas middle and high concentration tritium measurement mechanism, another object of the present invention provides a kind of gas middle and high concentration tritium measuring method.Eliminate the memory effect that the ionization chamber locular wall produces the absorption of tritium by the mode of signal compensation, realize the real-time measurement of gas middle and high concentration tritium.
Gas middle and high concentration tritium measuring method of the present invention is based on different geometries cylindrical when internal surface area is identical the different geometrical principle of volume, two the identical columnar ionization of internal surface area chambers are set, utilize its volume differences to measure as the sensitive volume of ionization chamber system.Measurement mechanism of the present invention is based on two ionization chambers and makes up, and it is cylindrical that two ionization chambers are, and internal surface area is identical, adopts identical materials and processes.When measuring, two opposite saturation voltages of ionization chamber difference additive polarity make two ionization chambers collect positive ion and electronics respectively, carry out meeting of signal again.Because internal surface area is identical, identical to the absorption of tritium at ionization chamber locular wall behind the excessive concentrations tritium, this part can be eliminated when two ionization chamber signals meet fully, the memory effect that is ionization chamber will effectively be eliminated, and the final output signal of ionization chamber system is two signals that the ionization chamber volume differences is exported.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is as follows:
Gas middle and high concentration tritium measurement mechanism of the present invention is characterized in, described measurement mechanism contains two columniform first ionization chamber, second ionization chambers that structure is identical.Wherein, first ionization chamber comprises shell, first insulating part, ionization chamber locular wall, second insulating part, first tracheae, first collector, the 3rd insulating part, the 4th insulating part, protection ring, the 5th insulating part, ionization chamber loam cake, the 6th insulating part, high tension terminal, nut, high-voltgae pothead, signal cable head, second tracheae; Its annexation is, described collector is positioned on the first ionization chamber central axis, and the lower end of collector is suspended on the first ionization chamber inside, and the upper end is provided with the 4th insulating part, and the upper end of collector and the 4th insulating part pass through fixed by nut; The 4th insulating part is outside equipped with protection ring, and protection ring is outside equipped with the 5th insulating part, and the 5th insulating part is provided with the ionization chamber loam cake; The ionization chamber locular wall is connected with the ionization chamber loam cake; High tension terminal is fixed on the ionization chamber and covers; First tracheae is connected on the ionization chamber locular wall, first tracheae and be provided with second insulating part between the locular wall of chamber; Described ionization chamber locular wall, ionization chamber loam cake all are arranged in the shell, are provided with first insulating part between ionization chamber locular wall and the shell; Be provided with the 6th insulating part between ionization chamber loam cake and the base; High-voltgae pothead and signal cable head are fixed on the base side; The collector of described first ionization chamber, ionization chamber locular wall, shell are concentric setting;
Described first ionization chamber and the second ionization chamber shell all are fixed on the base; First ionization chamber is connected with second ionization chamber by second tracheae, is provided with the 3rd insulating part between the ionization chamber loam cake of second tracheae and first ionization chamber, is provided with insulating part between the ionization chamber loam cake of second tracheae and second ionization chamber; First collector of first ionization chamber is connected by signal cable with second collector of second ionization chamber.
Be interference fit between described collector, the 4th insulating part, protection ring, the 5th insulating part, the ionization chamber loam cake; Be interference fit between second tracheae, ionization chamber loam cake, the 3rd insulating part; Be interference fit between first tracheae, ionization chamber locular wall, second insulating part.
Described the 4th insulating part, the 5th insulating part material are teflon; Cover material is the 316L stainless steel on ionization chamber locular wall, collector, protection ring, the ionization chamber.
Described first ionization chamber is identical with the internal surface area of second ionization chamber.
The material that adopts in described first ionization chamber, second ionization chamber is identical.
Gas middle and high concentration tritium measuring method of the present invention is characterized in that may further comprise the steps successively:
1.. ionization chamber system equivalent volume calculates
Remember that first ionization chamber, the second ionization chamber sensitive volume are respectively:
With
, and
, then the equivalent volume of ionization chamber system is:
2.. the voltage measurement of ionization chamber operate in saturation
Measure the operate in saturation voltage of first ionization chamber and second ionization chamber in the ionization chamber system respectively.Keep tritium concentration in the ionization chamber, gas pressure intensity, gas temperature constant, add different high pressure at the ionization chamber high-field electrode, measure the collected electric current of ionization chamber, obtain the saturation voltage interval of ionization chamber, remember that the first ionization chamber operate in saturation voltage range is
, the second ionization chamber operate in saturation voltage range is
3.. the equivalent saturation current of ionization chamber system is measured
The opposite operate in saturation voltage of additive polarity on first ionization chamber and second ionization chamber adds operate in saturation voltage at first ionization chamber respectively
, add operate in saturation voltage at second ionization chamber
, measure the saturation current signal that the ionization chamber systematic collection arrives by weak-current meter
4.. tritium concentration calculates in the gas
Recording the saturation current that the ionization chamber systematic collection arrives
After, tritium concentration can use formula (2) to calculate in the gas:
In the formula:
E-be the Beta-ray average energy of tritium, the eV of unit gets 5.65keV;
e-be electron charge, unit 1.6 * 10
-19C;
V-be the ionization chamber sensitive volume, the m of unit
3
Bring above-mentioned parameter into formula (2), obtain tritium concentration value in the gas.
Principle of work of the present invention is that locular wall is eliminated to the memory effect of the absorption generation of tritium by the system that adopts two ionization chambers to form.During work, the opposite high pressure of additive polarity on two ionization chamber high-field electrodes, the signal that the ionization chamber collector is collected is opposite, the method of the collector by two ionization chambers of direct connection meets the output signal of two ionization chambers, eliminate the memory effect that the ionization chamber locular wall produces the absorption of tritium fully, realize the accurate measurement of gas middle and high concentration tritium.The present invention satisfies various places (as glove box, secondary containers and other tritium containment vessel) middle and high concentration tritium on-line continuous Testing requirement fully.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is gas middle and high concentration tritium measurement mechanism structural representation of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1. shell 2. first insulating parts 3. ionization chamber locular walls 4. second insulating parts 5. first tracheaes 6. first collectors 7. the 3rd insulating part 8. the 4th insulating part 9. protection rings 10. the 5th insulating part 11. ionization chamber loam cakes 12. the 6th insulating part 13. high tension terminals 14. nuts 15. high-voltgae potheads 16. signal cable heads 17. second tracheaes 18. bases.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is gas middle and high concentration tritium measurement mechanism structural representation of the present invention.In Fig. 1, gas middle and high concentration tritium measurement mechanism of the present invention contains two the columniform first ionization chamber I, the second ionization chamber II that structure is identical.Wherein, the first ionization chamber I comprises shell 1, first insulating part 2, ionization chamber locular wall 3, second insulating part 4, first tracheae 5, first collector 6, the 3rd insulating part 7, the 4th insulating part 8, protection ring 9, the 5th insulating part 10, ionization chamber loam cake 11, the 6th insulating part 12, high tension terminal 13, nut 14, high-voltgae pothead 15, signal cable head 16, second tracheae 17; Its annexation is, described collector 6 is positioned on the first ionization chamber I central axis, and the lower end of collector 6 is suspended on the first ionization chamber I inside, and the upper end is provided with the 4th insulating part 8, and the upper end of collector 6 and the 4th insulating part 8 are fixing by nut 14; The 4th insulating part 8 is outside equipped with protection ring 9, and protection ring 9 is outside equipped with the 5th insulating part 10, the five insulating parts 10 and is provided with ionization chamber loam cake 11; Ionization chamber locular wall 3 is connected with ionization chamber loam cake 11; High tension terminal 13 is fixed on the ionization chamber loam cake 11; First tracheae 5 is connected on the ionization chamber locular wall 3, first tracheae 5 and from being provided with second insulating part 4 between the chamber locular wall 3; Described ionization chamber locular wall 3, ionization chamber loam cake 11 all are arranged in the shell 1, are provided with first insulating part 2 between ionization chamber locular wall 3 and the shell 1; Be provided with the 6th insulating part 12 between ionization chamber loam cake 11 and the base 18; High-voltgae pothead 15 is fixed on base 18 sides with signal cable head 16; The collector 6 of described first ionization chamber, ionization chamber locular wall 3, shell 1 are concentric setting;
The described first ionization chamber I and the second ionization chamber II shell all are fixed on the base 18; The first ionization chamber I is connected with the second ionization chamber II by second tracheae 17, is provided with between the ionization chamber loam cake 11 of second tracheae 17 and the first ionization chamber I between the ionization chamber loam cake of the 3rd insulating part 7, the second tracheaes 17 and the second ionization chamber II and is provided with insulating part; First collector 6 of the first ionization chamber I is connected by signal cable with second collector of the second ionization chamber II.
Be interference fit between described collector 6, the 4th insulating part 8, protection ring 9, the 5th insulating part 10, the ionization chamber loam cake 11; Be interference fit between second tracheae 17, ionization chamber loam cake 11, the 3rd insulating part 7; Be interference fit between first tracheae 5, ionization chamber locular wall 3, second insulating part 4.
Described the 4th insulating part 8, the 5th insulating part 10 materials are teflon; Ionization chamber locular wall 3, collector 6, protection ring 9, ionization chamber loam cake 11 materials are the 316L stainless steel.
The described first ionization chamber I is identical with the internal surface area of the second ionization chamber II, the volume difference.
The material that adopts in the described first ionization chamber I, the second ionization chamber II is identical.
A kind of gas middle and high concentration tritium measuring method of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1.. ionization chamber system equivalent volume calculates
In this example, two ionization chamber volumes are respectively 1.4L, 1.0L, then equivalent volume
2.. the voltage measurement of ionization chamber operate in saturation
Keep under the constant condition of tritium concentration gas pressure intensity in the ionization chamber, gas temperature, the ionization chamber operate in saturation voltage range that records active volume and be 1.4L and 1.0L is respectively
With
3.. the equivalent saturation current of ionization chamber system is measured
In the present embodiment, add operate in saturation voltage respectively at I ionization chamber and II ionization chamber
With
, the equivalent saturation current of the ionization chamber system that the use weak-current meter records
NA.
4.. tritium concentration calculates in the gas
According to formula (2), tritium concentration is in the present embodiment:
After measuring this concentration and containing tritium gas, with nitrogen wash 15 minutes, background current recovered in the ionization chamber system.
The invention is not restricted to this embodiment, of the present inventionly all can implement and have good result.
Claims (6)
1. gas middle and high concentration tritium measurement mechanism, it is characterized in that: described measurement mechanism contains two columniform first ionization chamber, second ionization chambers that structure is identical; Wherein, first ionization chamber comprises shell (1), first insulating part (2), ionization chamber locular wall (3), second insulating part (4), first tracheae (5), first collector (6), the 3rd insulating part (7), the 4th insulating part (8), protection ring (9), the 5th insulating part (10), ionization chamber loam cake (11), the 6th insulating part (12), high tension terminal (13), nut (14), high-voltgae pothead (15), signal cable head (16), second tracheae (17); Its annexation is, described collector (6) is positioned on the first ionization chamber central axis, the lower end of collector (6) is suspended on the first ionization chamber inside, and the upper end is provided with the 4th insulating part (8), and the upper end of collector (6) and the 4th insulating part (8) are fixing by nut (14); The 4th insulating part (8) is outside equipped with protection ring (9), and protection ring (9) is outside equipped with the 5th insulating part (10), and the 5th insulating part (10) is provided with ionization chamber loam cake (11); Ionization chamber locular wall (3) is connected with ionization chamber loam cake (11); High tension terminal (13) is fixed on the ionization chamber loam cake (11); First tracheae (5) is connected on the ionization chamber locular wall (3), first tracheae (5) and be provided with second insulating part (4) between the chamber locular wall (3); Described ionization chamber locular wall (3), ionization chamber loam cake (11) all are arranged in the shell (1), are provided with first insulating part (2) between ionization chamber locular wall (3) and the shell (1); Be provided with the 6th insulating part (12) between ionization chamber loam cake (11) and the base (18); High-voltgae pothead (15) is fixed on base (18) side with signal cable head (16); The collector of described first ionization chamber (6), ionization chamber locular wall (3), shell (1) are concentric setting;
Described first ionization chamber and the second ionization chamber shell all are fixed on the base (18); First ionization chamber is connected with second ionization chamber by second tracheae (17), be provided with the 3rd insulating part (7) between the ionization chamber loam cake (11) of second tracheae (17) and first ionization chamber, be provided with insulating part between the ionization chamber loam cake of second tracheae (17) and second ionization chamber; First collector (6) of first ionization chamber is connected by signal cable with second collector of second ionization chamber.
2. a kind of gas middle and high concentration tritium measurement mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described collector (6), the 4th insulating part (8), protection ring (9), the 5th insulating part (10), ionization chamber loam cake are interference fit between (11); Second tracheae (17), ionization chamber loam cake (11), the 3rd insulating part are interference fit between (7); Be interference fit between first tracheae (5), ionization chamber locular wall (3), second insulating part (4).
3. a kind of gas middle and high concentration tritium measurement mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described the 4th insulating part (8), the 5th insulating part (10) material are teflon; Ionization chamber locular wall (3), collector (6), protection ring (9), ionization chamber loam cake (11) material are the 316L stainless steel.
4. a kind of gas middle and high concentration tritium measurement mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described first ionization chamber is identical with the internal surface area of second ionization chamber.
5. a kind of gas middle and high concentration tritium measurement mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the material that adopts in described first ionization chamber, second ionization chamber is identical.
6. gas middle and high concentration tritium measuring method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps successively:
1.. ionization chamber system equivalent volume calculates
Remember that first ionization chamber, the second ionization chamber sensitive volume are respectively:
With
, and
, then the equivalent volume of ionization chamber system is:
2.. the voltage measurement of ionization chamber operate in saturation
Measure the operate in saturation voltage of first ionization chamber and second ionization chamber in the ionization chamber system respectively;
Keep tritium concentration in the ionization chamber, gas pressure intensity, gas temperature constant, add different high pressure at the ionization chamber high-field electrode, measure the collected electric current of ionization chamber, obtain the saturation voltage interval of ionization chamber, remember that the first ionization chamber operate in saturation voltage range is
, the second ionization chamber operate in saturation voltage range is
3.. the equivalent saturation current of ionization chamber system is measured
The opposite operate in saturation voltage of additive polarity on first ionization chamber and second ionization chamber adds operate in saturation voltage at first ionization chamber respectively
, add operate in saturation voltage at second ionization chamber
, measure the saturation current signal that the ionization chamber systematic collection arrives by weak-current meter
4.. tritium concentration calculates in the gas
Recording the saturation current that the ionization chamber systematic collection arrives
After, tritium concentration can use formula (2) to calculate in the gas:
In the formula:
E-be the Beta-ray average energy of tritium, the eV of unit gets 5.65keV;
e-be electron charge, unit 1.6 * 10
-19C;
V-be the ionization chamber sensitive volume, the m of unit
3
Bring above-mentioned parameter into formula (2), obtain tritium concentration value in the gas.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN105067777A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-11-18 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Device for monitoring concentration of tritium with different forms in complex environment gas |
| CN106908826A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-06-30 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | HTO content measurement device and method |
| CN107402251A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2017-11-28 | 泰拉能源公司 | Sodium caesium ionization detector |
| CN111879793A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-11-03 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Tritium gas adsorption performance experimental device and method thereof |
| JP2021110702A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-08-02 | 株式会社東芝 | Radiation detectors and installation method thereof |
| CN114216952A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-22 | 中国人民解放军96901部队23分队 | Method for measuring tritium content in air |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106908826A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-06-30 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | HTO content measurement device and method |
| JP2021110702A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-08-02 | 株式会社東芝 | Radiation detectors and installation method thereof |
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| CN111879793A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-11-03 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Tritium gas adsorption performance experimental device and method thereof |
| CN114216952A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-22 | 中国人民解放军96901部队23分队 | Method for measuring tritium content in air |
| CN114216952B (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-10-31 | 中国人民解放军96901部队23分队 | Method for measuring tritium content in air |
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