CN103266318B - A kind of laser melting coating laminated coating one step reinforcing process method based on different melting points - Google Patents
A kind of laser melting coating laminated coating one step reinforcing process method based on different melting points Download PDFInfo
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- CN103266318B CN103266318B CN201310240056.XA CN201310240056A CN103266318B CN 103266318 B CN103266318 B CN 103266318B CN 201310240056 A CN201310240056 A CN 201310240056A CN 103266318 B CN103266318 B CN 103266318B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of laser melting coating laminated coating one step reinforcing process method based on different melting points, comprise and frosting treatment is carried out to metal base surface and cleans up; Be preset at successively on metallic matrix by laminated coating material, the fusing point of upper strata coated material is higher than lower floor's coated material, and the fusing point of metallic matrix is minimum; Use a laser cladding on laminated coating material, laminated coating material melts simultaneously, reaches metallurgical binding simultaneously; During laser melting coating, the interface temperature of adjacent materials at two layers is higher than the fusing point of upper layer of material.The present invention is based on the different melting points between multi-layer coating system material, by each coat-thickness optimization design and the rational Match with laser cladding technological parameter, each interface just can be made to reach enhanced primary treatment by a laser melting coating simultaneously, efficiently solve the repeatedly melting and coating process too challenge of preset one deck cladding one deck during usual laser melting coating laminated coating, simplify melting and coating process, improve multilayer cladding efficiency, and the quality comparation of cladding layer is stablized.
Description
Technical field
That the present invention relates to is a kind of preparation method of coating for metal surfaces, in particular a kind of laser melting coating laminated coating one step reinforcing process method based on different melting points.
Background technology
As the crossing research forward position of the subjects such as machinery, material, physical chemistry, Surface Engineering, in the major fields of China's Eleventh Five-Year Plan, as aspects such as Grand Equipments manufacturing technology, green manufacture technology, has a very important role and status.And coat preparing technology is the main study portion in Surface Engineering field, the research that new technology, novel material, novel process combine is obtained a wide range of applications and development at full speed in Aeronautics and Astronautics, machinery, biology, the energy, nuclear industry, automobile, chemical industry etc.
Coating preparation is exactly take certain method, and some material is combined in metal base surface in the mode of physics or chemistry.Visible, the most important index evaluating coating is exactly that this coating can well be combined on metallic matrix, and this is the foundation stone in whole coating assessment system.Along with the development of coating technology, current structure coating while content with funtion constantly towards future developments such as multilayer, gradient, heavy thickness.Therefore, in actual use, the most easily there is the place of problem substantially all in the interface portion of coating in coat system, interface becomes the starting point of coating system collapse, and the effect of coat system and life-span do not depend on that interface that bonding strength is best, but determined by that interface that bonding strength is the poorest.
Laser melting and coating technique is the product that emerging laser technology combines with time-honored metal heat treatmet, apply high energy at material surface, make it physicochemical change occurs, thus change the technology of the surface hardness of material, wear resistance, solidity to corrosion and high-temperature behavior significantly.Laser melting and coating technique has been widely used in top coat preparation.Cladding material adopts preset and powder feeding two kinds of modes to introduce laser molten pool usually, wherein, and the common coaxial powder-feeding of powder feeding, and conventional powder pre-setting method mainly contains hot spray process (as plasma spraying), chemical bonding method and pressed disc method etc.For metal surface plasma spray ceramic coating, in order to reduce the physicals difference between stupalith and matrix metal, normal first spraying layer of metal transition layer before spraying ceramic coat, and then spraying ceramic coat, but generally just make ceramic coating surface melt when a common laser cladding and hardening, recrystallize and obtain the lifting of surface property, but interface bond strength does not significantly improve, it is severe at some that this will become restriction coating, work under extreme condition, as gas turbine, rocket engine, steam turbine, fuel engines, the environment such as load bearing.When laser melting coating multi-layer coating system, in order to make each sub-coating interface reach higher bonding strength, usually adopt multilayer (secondary) melting and coating process of preset one deck cladding one deck, preparation technology of coating is complicated, and cladding efficiency is lower.As Chinese patent 200710131168.6 pairs of thermospray gradient claddings adopt repeatedly laser remolten method to carry out Compound Machining, although overcome all can not to reach in metallurgical binding, coating that gradient-structure destroys in each the sub-coating without laser remolten or a laser remolten Gradient coating, the shortcomings such as thermospray lamella can not eliminate in gradient cladding, but preparation technology's relative complex, and remelting coating quality less stable.Therefore, seeking one namely can each weak boundary of strengthened coat internal system, have again higher working (machining) efficiency and the laminated coating working method with actual application value be current in the urgent need to.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of laser melting coating laminated coating one step reinforcing process method based on different melting points, disposable laser cladding is realized to laminated coating.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, the present invention includes following steps:
(1) frosting treatment carried out to metal base surface and clean up;
(2) be preset at successively on metallic matrix by laminated coating material, the fusing point of upper strata coated material is higher than lower floor's coated material, and the fusing point of metallic matrix is minimum;
(3) use a laser cladding on laminated coating material, laminated coating material melts simultaneously, reaches metallurgical binding simultaneously; During laser melting coating, the interface temperature of adjacent materials at two layers is higher than the fusing point of upper layer of material.
As one of optimal way of the present invention, in described step (1), frosting treatment is sandblasting or machining texturing.
As one of optimal way of the present invention, in described step (2), preset method is hot spray process, chemical bonding method or compression molding.
As one of optimal way of the present invention, described hot spray process is plasma spraying method.
When the thickness of described laminated coating is less than or equal to 2mm, adopt the cladding of laser one step; When the thickness of laminated coating is greater than 2mm, boosting is adopted to coordinate the cladding of laser one step.When laminated coating thickness is less than or equal to 2mm, the energy of laser one step cladding can meet the demand of coating cladding.
The cladding of described boosting cooperation laser one step is selected from one or more in the cladding of induction heating auxiliary laser, Microwave-assisted firing laser melting coating, induction stirring boosting laser melting coating, pulsed current boosting laser melting coating.
The present invention has the following advantages compared to existing technology: the present invention is based on the different melting points between multi-layer coating system material, by each coat-thickness optimization design and the rational Match with laser cladding technological parameter, each interface just can be made to reach enhanced primary treatment by a laser melting coating simultaneously, coating has very high bonding strength, effectively can control again the thinning ratio of cladding layer in addition, ensure the performance of cladding coating, thus the environment that ask for something of can being on active service is higher; Efficiently solve the repeatedly melting and coating process too challenge of preset one deck cladding one deck during usual laser melting coating laminated coating, simplify melting and coating process, improve multilayer cladding efficiency, and the quality comparation of cladding layer is stablized.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is laser cladding coating thickness direction temperature distribution schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Elaborate to embodiments of the invention below, the present embodiment is implemented under premised on technical solution of the present invention, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is at AZ31B magnesium alloy metal base surface laser one step cladding and hardening Ni-Cr/Ni-Al/Cr
2o
3three layers of coating, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) Wire EDM to the AZ31B magnesium alloy metal base surface of certain size carried out frosting treatment by sandblasting and clean up, the fusing point of AZ31B magnesium alloy is about 650 DEG C;
(2) plasma spray coating process is adopted to spray Ni-Cr intermediate metal, Ni-Al(nickel alclad successively at AZ31B magnesium alloy metal base surface) intermediate metal and Cr
2o
3ceramic layer on surface, the fusing point of Ni-Cr intermediate metal is about 1038 DEG C, and thick coating is about 80 μm; The fusing point of Ni-Al intermediate metal is about 1510 DEG C, and thick coating is about 80 μm; Cr
2o
3the fusing point of ceramic layer on surface is about 2435 DEG C, and thick coating is about 120 μm, and plasma spray coating process is in table 1;
(3) laser melting coating adopts SLCF-X12 × 25 type CO
2laser machine, argon shield during cladding, laser cladding technological parameter in table 2, by making Ni-Cr/Ni-Al/Cr after a cladding
2o
3three layers of coating melt simultaneously, make surface C r
2o
3ceramic layer and lower floor's Ni-Al metal transfer bed interface, Ni-Al coating and Ni-Cr coating interface, Ni-Cr coating and Z31B magnesium alloy metallic matrix interface reach metallurgical binding simultaneously, thus realize the laser melting coating one step strengthening of three layers of coating.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is at 3103 Al-alloy metal matrix surface laser one step cladding and hardening Ni-Cr/TiO
2duplex coating, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) Wire EDM to 3103 Al-alloy metal matrix surfaces of certain size carried out machining frosting treatment by sandblasting and clean up, the fusing point of 3103 aluminium alloys is about 660 DEG C;
(2) plasma spray coating process is adopted to spray Ni-Cr intermediate metal, TiO successively at 3103 Al-alloy metal matrix surfaces
2ceramic layer on surface, the fusing point of Ni-Cr intermediate metal is about 1038 DEG C, and thick coating is about 100 μm; TiO
2ceramic layer on surface, fusing point is about 1920 DEG C, and thick coating is about 180 μm, and plasma spray coating process is in table 1;
(3) laser melting coating adopts SLCF-X12 × 25 type CO
2laser machine, argon shield during cladding, laser cladding technological parameter in table 2, by making Ni-Cr/TiO after a cladding
2two layers of coatings melts simultaneously, makes surface TiO
2ceramic layer and lower floor's Ni-Cr metal transfer bed interface, Ni-Cr coating and 3103 Al-alloy metal basal body interfaces reach metallurgical binding simultaneously, thus realize the laser melting coating one step strengthening of duplex coating.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is at H68 brass wire matrix surface laser one step cladding and hardening Ni-Al/Al
2o
3duplex coating, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) Wire EDM to the H68 brass wire matrix surface of certain size carried out frosting treatment by sandblasting and clean up, the fusing point of H68 brass is about 938 DEG C;
(2) plasma spray coating process is adopted to spray Ni-Al(nickel alclad successively at H68 brass wire matrix surface) intermediate metal and Al
2o
3ceramic layer on surface, Ni-Al intermediate metal fusing point is about 1510 DEG C, and thick coating is about 100 μm, Al
2o
3ceramic layer on surface, fusing point is about 2040 DEG C, and thick coating is about 150 μm, and plasma spray coating process is in table 1;
(3) laser melting coating adopts SLCF-X12 × 25 type CO
2laser machine, argon shield during cladding, laser cladding technological parameter, in table 2, melts Ni-Al/Al by making a laser cladding after a cladding simultaneously
2o
3duplex coating, makes surface A l
2o
3ceramic layer and lower floor's Ni-Al metal transfer bed interface, Ni-Al coating and H68 brass wire basal body interface reach metallurgical binding simultaneously, thus realize the laser melting coating one step strengthening of duplex coating.
Table 1 Plasma Spray Parameters
| Processing parameter | Ni-Cr | Ni-Al | Cr 2O 3 | TiO 2 | Al 2O 3 |
| Electric current/A | 700 | 750 | 910 | 850 | 890 |
| Voltage/V | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 |
| Main gas, Ar/PSI | 65 | 65 | 45 | 45 | 45 |
| Auxiliary gas, He/PSI | 115 | 120 | 150 | 140 | 145 |
| Carrier gas, Ar/PSI | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 |
| Powder feeding rate/(rmin -1) | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Spray distance/mm | 110 | 110 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Spray gun translational speed/(mms -1) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Table 2 laser cladding technological parameter
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in Fig. 1, reset-to-n layer coating 2 successively on metallic matrix 1, laser beam 3 pairs of coatings 2 carry out a cladding, and the first interface is the interface of metallic matrix 1 and the first coating 2, makes the temperature T of the first interface
1a little more than the fusing point of the first coating 2, by that analogy, until the temperature T of the n-th interface
na little more than the fusing point of the n-th coating 2, make just to melt laminated coating simultaneously by a laser melting coating and make each interface reach enhanced primary treatment simultaneously, reach a step enhancement purpose.
Claims (5)
1., based on a laser melting coating laminated coating one step reinforcing process method for different melting points, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) frosting treatment carried out to metal base surface and clean up;
(2) be preset at successively on metallic matrix by laminated coating material, the fusing point of upper strata coated material is higher than lower floor's coated material, and the fusing point of metallic matrix is minimum;
(3) use a laser cladding on laminated coating material, laminated coating material melts simultaneously, reaches metallurgical binding simultaneously; During laser melting coating, the interface temperature of adjacent materials at two layers is higher than the fusing point of upper layer of material; When the thickness of described laminated coating is less than or equal to 2mm, adopt the cladding of laser one step; When the thickness of laminated coating is greater than 2mm, boosting is adopted to coordinate the cladding of laser one step.
2. a kind of laser melting coating laminated coating one step reinforcing process method based on different melting points according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), frosting treatment is sandblasting or machining texturing.
3. a kind of laser melting coating laminated coating one step reinforcing process method based on different melting points according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), preset method is hot spray process, chemical bonding method or compression molding.
4. a kind of laser melting coating laminated coating one step reinforcing process method based on different melting points according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described hot spray process is plasma spraying method.
5. a kind of laser melting coating laminated coating one step reinforcing process method based on different melting points according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the cladding of described boosting cooperation laser one step is selected from one or more in the cladding of induction heating auxiliary laser, Microwave-assisted firing laser melting coating, induction stirring boosting laser melting coating, pulsed current boosting laser melting coating.
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| CN103602977B (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2016-05-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Realize the device of pulse current refinement Laser Cladding Metal Layer solidified structure method |
| CN106350761B (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2018-07-17 | 南京工程学院 | It is a kind of based on synchronizing the laser cladding layer preparation method rolled |
| CN110524133A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-12-03 | 成都盘涅科技有限公司 | The method for improving aluminium alloy electronic device packaging air tightness |
| CN107937906B (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2019-12-31 | 常州大学 | Method for preparing Cr-Ni coating by laser cladding of argon online powder feeding |
| CN107904595B (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-11-08 | 东北大学 | A kind of cladding apparatus and its application method with Microwave-assisted firing device |
| CN108179372A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-06-19 | 马鞍山蓝科再制造技术有限公司 | A kind of steel surface electric arc spraying processing method |
| CN109487268B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-04-10 | 中北大学 | Method for preparing high-strength wear-resistant corrosion-resistant composite coating on surface of low-carbon steel |
| CN110453216B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2023-04-07 | 铜陵学院 | Laser cladding device for coating crack self-healing and processing method thereof |
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