CN103265343A - Method for treating domestic garbage by utilizing biotechnology - Google Patents
Method for treating domestic garbage by utilizing biotechnology Download PDFInfo
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- CN103265343A CN103265343A CN2013102075474A CN201310207547A CN103265343A CN 103265343 A CN103265343 A CN 103265343A CN 2013102075474 A CN2013102075474 A CN 2013102075474A CN 201310207547 A CN201310207547 A CN 201310207547A CN 103265343 A CN103265343 A CN 103265343A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/78—Recycling of wood or furniture waste
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for treating domestic garbage by utilizing biotechnology. The method comprises the steps of storing domestic garbage into a storage pool, feeding into a bag breaking machine for grinding and breaking bags through a plate type feeder, deodorizing, adding straws, fermenting, turning over and stirring by an automatic walking machine, spreading bacteria, turning over and stirring, keeping the temperature at 45 DEG C-60 DEG C for more than 14 days during which turning over and stirring for three to five times, then carrying out comprehensive sorting by a screening machine to obtain organic matters which can be used for production of special fertilizer for greening, metal recovery, comprehensive matter filling, plastic packaging recovery or production of wood-plastic boards. The method has the advantages that 100-120 tonnage of domestic garbage can be treated every day currently. The domestic garbage is degraded through fermentation, harmlessness can be achieved, the garbage volume reduction can achieve 80%, and further the labor intensity for later comprehensive sorting can be reduced by 60%, and the cost can be lowered by 25%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method, particularly a kind of method of utilizing biotechnology to handle domestic refuse that solid waste is changed into useful thing.
Background technology
Garbage treatment is included in the important content of urban construction and management always by governments at all levels.Along with further developing of China's economic society, the enhancing of Government's financial resources, traditional, simple and easy, single land-fill method is replaced by modes such as health formula landfill, burning electricity generation, diversification comprehensive treating processs.New refuse treatment standard should reach the resource utilization of rubbish, innoxious, minimizing requirement.Up to the present, no matter domestic or external, garbage treatment is concluded following several mode substantially:
1, " health formula " landfill, this is the method that is at home and abroad generally adopted.Advantage is that technological operation is simple, running cost is lower.Shortcoming is: 1. one-time investment is bigger.2. floor space is big, particularly again under the more and more nervous situation of land supply instantly, shows its shortcoming especially.3. fail to realize garbage as resource utilization and minimizing target.
2, burning formula is handled.From innoxious, the minimizing target of domestic rubbish disposal, incinerating method is the safest, the most thorough.Simultaneously, the heat that produces of burning process also can generate electricity.Recycling also acquires a certain degree.But shortcoming is also very outstanding: 1. one-time investment is excessive, under the situation of current governments at all levels financial resources anxiety, is difficult to generally promote; 2. the operation cost height generally is higher than other treatment process more than one times; 3. Pai Fang " Dioxins " is influential to human health.
3, diversification integrated conduct method, this method are that technology is advanced, and one-time investment is moderate, and in the scope that the various places Government's financial resources is born, operation cost is reasonable, and government can bear equally.The result of its refuse treatment realizes resource utilization, innoxious, minimizing target substantially.Weak point is to require the domestic refuse day output more than 300 tons, is lower than this standard, and investment and operation are not calculated.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide on a kind of reference diversification comprehensive treatment technique basis, in conjunction with in, refuse of small town quantity discharged practical situation, and a kind of less investment, the processing costs of research and development are low, and can realize garbage disposal resource, innoxious, a kind of method of utilizing biotechnology to handle domestic refuse of minimizing purpose.
The present invention adopts such method to realize:
Mainly from the organism in the rubbish and waste plastic, the former accounts for 90% to the domestic refuse source of pollution, and the latter accounts for 10%.Organism is the food source of biological bacteria, and the harmful microorganism that colonizes in the domestic refuse is bred in a large number, directly produces foul smell, polluted air.Harmful bacterium goes underground by water, contaminated soil and underground water, and people are again by in tap water and the food intake body, thus the generation disease is unhealthful.Therefore, administer refuse pollution, at first will control the harmful bacterium in the rubbish.By rubbish being added the bacteria group that is compounded with of high density, make the probiotics quantity in the rubbish big, more than the quantity of harmful bacterium.Under suitable temperature, humidity condition, probiotics is bred fast.This probiotics is the aerobic flora, and it is breeding and metabolism generation high temperature fast, keeps 45 ℃ of-60 ℃ of states to assign more than 14 days at constant temperature, and the harmful bacterium of all in the rubbish and weed seed all are killed, and organism obtains degraded.Organism after the degraded can't provide food source for biological bacteria, therefore, does not all have harmful bacterium survival under what conditions again, thereby reaches the harmless treatment requirement.
The method operational path that the present invention utilizes biotechnology to handle domestic refuse is:
Domestic refuse is put into storage pool, apron feeder is sent into bag-crusher and is pulverized broken bag, the stalk that adding is pulverized by stalk crasher is puddled, and the compost fermentation of marching into the arena is turned by automatic walking machine, spread the bacterium deodorizing, turn again, keep temperature to reach more than 14 days for 45 ℃-60 ℃, turn 3-5 time therebetween, carry out comprehensive sorting by sieve apparatus then, comprehensive sorting can sub-elect the special-purpose fertilizer of organism making greening, metal species recovery, synthesis class landfill, the plastics packing is reclaimed or making wood is moulded plate.
A kind of method of utilizing biotechnology to handle domestic refuse, domestic refuse is put into storage pool, apron feeder is sent into bag-crusher and is pulverized broken bag, adding is by the stalk crasher crushing straw, the stalk add-on is the 5-15% of rubbish weight,, puddled by mixer then, in puddling material, mix the complex micro organism fungicide that is used for aerobic composting fermentation of puddling weight of material 0.5-2%, mix the reodorant that contains mass concentration 8-12% in the microbial inoculum; Stacking carries out aerobic composting fermentation, and the ventilating fermentation process keeps 45 ℃-65 ℃ of stacking temperature, humidity 40%-50%, ferments 14-18 days, carries out comprehensive sorting by sieve apparatus then, and comprehensive sorting can sub-elect different recycling things:
1) first kind: the metal object that sub-elects, reclaim processing treatment with metal object;
2) second kind: the plastics thing that sub-elects, packing reclaim or make wood and mould plate;
3) the third: the synthesis class that sub-elects; Comprise that wherein Zhuan Shi Wa piece thing can carry out landfill, expendable combustiblematerials class can be burned or landfill
4) the 4th kind: remaining organism class rubbish fermentation thing and/or sand are fertilizer.
By adjusting kind and the consumption of stalk, material C/N weight ratio 15-30:1 is puddled in control.
Stalk is in maize straw, straw, the millet straw one or two or more kinds, microorganism is to be generally under the 15-30:1 ratio at rational carbon, nitrogen, and humidity just breeding and metabolic fast under the 40%-50% condition, the maize straw adding proportion is generally mud weight 5-15%, mix with rubbish after the crushed stalk, enter the fermentation place, turn by screening apparatus, stalk and garbage degradation are become thoroughly decomposed.
Starter: can adopt hundred beneficial precious EM stostes (the beneficial precious Bioisystech Co., Ltd in Zhengzhou hundred produce) or the agent of positive agricultural board compost fermentation (the positive agricultural agricultural science and technology in Beijing company limited produces) or ET805(U.S. ECO environmental protection company to produce);
Reodorant: can adopt BJSY-03a working fluid of natural plant liquid (production of gloomy source, Beijing great achievement environmental science and technology company limited), No. two BJSY-03b working fluids of natural plant liquid (production of gloomy source, Beijing great achievement environmental science and technology company limited) or " Wan Jiefen " microbial deodorant (the Shaanxi peaceful thing of richness Science and Technology Ltd. produces) or deodorizing spices (production of U.S. ECO environmental protection company).
The length of crushing straw is 1-20cm; Stacking: wide 1.5-2.5m, high 1-2m.
Temperature and aerobic condition turn realization by ventilation and material, and ventilating fermentation process stacking turns 4-5 time.
The walking screening apparatus is the key equipment of organic matter fermentation, and screening apparatus can be walked automatically, and 72 rotary teeth that turn are arranged under the vehicle body, the machine walking in the walking process, has reached the purpose of oxygenation on the one hand on the stacking of terraced font, also reduce humidity and temperature simultaneously, satisfy the needs of material fermentation condition.
The advantage that the present invention compared with prior art has: this technology is applied at Anshan Teng Ao town destructor plant, day processing domestic refuse 100-120 ton.Domestic refuse by fermentative degradation, innoxiously be resolved, waste reduction reaches 80%, is that comprehensive sorting of later stage reduces labor capacity 60%, reduces cost 25%.
Embodiment
The method operational path that the present invention utilizes biotechnology to handle domestic refuse is:
Domestic refuse is put into storage pool, apron feeder is sent into bag-crusher and is pulverized broken bag, through deodorizing, the stalk that adding is pulverized by stalk crasher is puddled, the compost fermentation of marching into the arena, turned by automatic walking screening apparatus, spread bacterium, turn again, keep temperature to reach more than 14 days for 45 ℃-60 ℃, turn 3-5 time therebetween, carry out comprehensive sorting by sieve apparatus then, comprehensive sorting can sub-elect the special-purpose fertilizer of organism making greening, metal species recovery, synthesis class landfill, the plastics packing is reclaimed or making wood is moulded plate.
Main production equipments comprises:
1, apron feeder
This equipment is equivalent to travelling belt, just is connected in series with the flake type link plate, is used for transmitting rubbish and enters in the broken bag pulverizer.
2, straw pulverizer
Stalk after this machine is pulverized for crushed straw (as corn stalk, straw, millet straw etc.) adds organism or the ight soil after the sorting, is used for regulating humidity and carbon-nitrogen ratio, is convenient to material biological fermentation and degraded, and the machine belt wheel is removable, fuel oil power.
3, material mixer
Behind the organic matter degradation, only as the finished product fertilizers raw material, also must add other kind fertilizer if produce series special fertilizer, to nutrient demand, when producing fertilizer, must make raw material with several fertilizer simultaneously according to Different Crop, the material mixer is exactly that different sorts fertilizer batch mixing is even, to improve fertilizer efficiency.
4, the screening apparatus of walking automatically
This machine is the key equipment of organic matter fermentation, and organic matter fermentation generally adopts aerobic fermentation, and biological bacteria fermentation needs a rotten condition of heap: i.e. oxygenation in time, keep temperature, humidity, rational carbon-nitrogen ratio example etc.This screening apparatus can be walked automatically, and 72 rotary teeth that turn are arranged under the vehicle body.The machine walking in the walking process, has reached the purpose of oxygenation on the one hand on the stacking of terraced font, also reduce humidity and temperature simultaneously, satisfies the needs of material fermentation condition.
5, sieve apparatus (large-scale, small-sized)
Large-scale sieve apparatus is used in outdoor.After the material degraded, need screen, pulverulent material becomes fertilizer, large granular materials returns the fermentation place again and ferments again.
Small-sized sieve apparatus is used in indoor, after the fertilizer granulation, still has nearly 10% pulverulent material, returns again granulated pellet fertilizer by the screening pulverulent material and directly enters stoving oven oven dry and become finished particle fertilizer.
6, tablets press
Fertilizer has two kinds of type shapes, powdery and granular.Granular fertilizer is exactly to be convenient to machine sowing.Tablets press has two kinds, and a kind of is granulating disc, and a kind of is Squeezinggranulator, and granulating disc is centrifugal by the rotation generation, sprays steam simultaneously, and it is round that pulverulent material is become.
Extruder grain makes pulverulent material become the vermicelli type by two runner extruding, and rotary cutter is arranged below, and long strip type fertilizer is whittled into segment, throws circle by throwing circular knitting machine again, enters dryer and makes finished product fertilizers.
7, join fertile machine
Dedicated fertilizer is to be formed by list not of the same race-fertilizer mix and match; for just the different fertilizer proportionings of planting are accurate, adopt the autoelectrinic scale, control with flow by weight; enter mixer at last and puddle, or directly pack is put (powdery fertilizer) in storage or entered tablets press granulation (particle fertilizer).
8, dryer
The humidity of fertilizer for ease of storing, is transported, is sowed between 30-35% during granulation, needs fertilizer humidity is down between 10%-14%, so must dry.The heat energy of oven dry is that fire coal adds warm air, and warm air is blown in the dram, simultaneously moisture is extracted out.
9, cooler
Can pack after fertilizer after the oven dry need cool off, adopt wind cycle natural to cool off.1.5 meters of cooling cylinder diameters, long 12 meters, rotatable.
10, automatic packing machine
Be used for packing fertilizer, electronic scales, on be with hopper, air pressure control.
11, material-transporting system
Numerous transport tapes were sent to next link with material from last link, reduced the manpower transportation, increased work efficiency.
Several using method that add materials
1, spreading bacterium is a kind of microbial reproduction promotor
Being a kind of aerobe flora, cultivating in organic vegetable mould of high protein, is little granular solid, and humidity is 15%.During use, soaked 30 minutes in the ratio of 4:1 with warm water, again with after the solids separation, use with the clear water dilution in the ratio of 84:1, the flusher self-contained with screening apparatus sprays.
2, deodorizing is a kind of liquid biological deodorant
Be a kind of reodorant of nontoxic, pollution-free, the eubiosis.Contain 10% flora and spices.It mainly is to utilize microorganism that the Decomposition of organic matter is removed stink, but microbiological degradation can not take effect immediately in the extremely short time.So, added spices in the liquid to reach the effect of deodorizing immediately.Usage ratio is 800:1, and the flusher self-contained with automatic screening apparatus sprays.
3, stalk
Mainly refer to maize straw.Microorganism be rational carbon, nitrogen is generally under the 15-30:1 ratio and humidity 40%-50% condition under just breeding and metabolic fast.Domestic refuse is subjected to the influence of weather in season, the humidity instability, and this just need regulate humidity and carbon, oxygen ratio with stalk, thereby rubbish fermentation is under the most rational condition.Adding proportion is generally 5-15%.Using method: be placed on after the crushed stalk above the bar buttress formula rubbish, turn by screening apparatus, stalk is fully mixed with rubbish.
Embodiment
A kind of method of utilizing biotechnology to handle domestic refuse, domestic refuse is put into storage pool, apron feeder is sent into bag-crusher and is pulverized broken bag, adding is by the stalk crasher crushing maize stalk, the maize straw add-on is 10% of rubbish weight, puddled by mixer then, in puddling material, mix the complex micro organism fungicide that is used for aerobic composting fermentation of puddling weight of material 1.5%, mix the reodorant that contains mass concentration 10% in the microbial inoculum; Stacking carries out aerobic composting fermentation, and the ventilating fermentation process keeps 45 ℃-65 ℃ of temperature of buttress, humidity 40%-50%, ferments 16 days, carries out comprehensive sorting by sieve apparatus then, and comprehensive sorting can sub-elect different recycling things:
1) first kind: the metal object that sub-elects, reclaim processing treatment with metal object;
2) second kind: the plastics thing that sub-elects, packing reclaim or make wood and mould plate;
3) the third: the synthesis class that sub-elects; Comprise that wherein Zhuan Shi Wa piece thing can carry out landfill, expendable combustiblematerials class can be burned or landfill
4) the 4th kind: remaining organism class rubbish fermentation thing and/or sand are fertilizer.
Starter adopts ET805(U.S. ECO environmental protection company to produce); Reodorant: adopt deodorizing spices (production of U.S. ECO environmental protection company).
The length of crushing straw is 8-15cm; Stacking: wide 1.8m, high 1.5m;
Temperature and aerobic condition turn realization by ventilation and material, and ventilating fermentation process stacking turns 5 times.The walking screening apparatus is the key equipment of organic matter fermentation, and screening apparatus can be walked automatically, and 72 rotary teeth that turn are arranged under the vehicle body, the machine walking in the walking process, has reached the purpose of oxygenation on the one hand on the stacking of terraced font, also reduce humidity and temperature simultaneously, satisfy the needs of material fermentation condition.
Embodiment 2
Difference from Example 1 is: adopting starter is that hundred beneficial precious EM stostes (Zhengzhou hundred beneficial precious Bioisystech Co., Ltd produce) reodorant is " Wan Jiefen " microbial deodorant (the Shaanxi peaceful thing of richness Science and Technology Ltd. produces).
Claims (7)
1. method of utilizing biotechnology to handle domestic refuse is characterized in that:
Domestic refuse is put into storage pool, apron feeder is sent into bag-crusher and is pulverized broken bag, adding is by the stalk crasher crushing straw, the stalk add-on is the 5-15% of rubbish weight, puddled by mixer then, in puddling material, mix the complex micro organism fungicide that is used for aerobic composting fermentation of puddling weight of material 0.5-2%, mix the reodorant that contains mass concentration 8-12% in the microbial inoculum; Stacking carries out aerobic composting fermentation, and the ventilating fermentation process keeps 45 ℃-65 ℃ of stacking temperature, humidity 40%-50%, ferments 14-18 days, carries out comprehensive sorting by sieve apparatus then, and comprehensive sorting can sub-elect different recycling things:
1) first kind: the metal object that sub-elects, reclaim processing treatment with metal object;
2) second kind: the plastics thing that sub-elects, packing reclaim or make wood and mould plate;
3) the third: the synthesis class that sub-elects; Comprise that wherein Zhuan Shi Wa piece thing can carry out landfill, expendable combustiblematerials class can be burned or landfill
4) the 4th kind: remaining organism class rubbish fermentation thing and/or sand are fertilizer.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
By adjusting kind and the consumption of stalk, material C/N weight ratio 15-30:1 is puddled in control.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described methods, it is characterized in that:
Stalk is in maize straw, straw, the millet straw one or two or more kinds, microorganism is to be generally under the 15-30:1 ratio at rational carbon, nitrogen, and humidity just breeding and metabolic fast under the 40%-50% condition, the maize straw adding proportion is generally weight of material 5-15%, mix with rubbish after the crushed stalk, enter the fermentation place, turn by screening apparatus, stalk and garbage degradation are become thoroughly decomposed.
4. it is characterized in that in accordance with the method for claim 1:
Starter: can adopt hundred beneficial precious EM stostes (the beneficial precious Bioisystech Co., Ltd in Zhengzhou hundred produce) or the agent of positive agricultural board compost fermentation (the positive agricultural agricultural science and technology in Beijing company limited produces) or ET805(U.S. ECO environmental protection company to produce);
Reodorant: can adopt BJSY-03a working fluid of natural plant liquid (production of gloomy source, Beijing great achievement environmental science and technology company limited), No. two BJSY-03b working fluids of natural plant liquid (production of gloomy source, Beijing great achievement environmental science and technology company limited) or " Wan Jiefen " microbial deodorant (the Shaanxi peaceful thing of richness Science and Technology Ltd. produces) or deodorizing spices (production of U.S. ECO environmental protection company).
5. it is characterized in that in accordance with the method for claim 1:
The length of crushing straw is 1-20cm; Stacking: wide 1.5-2.5m, high 1-2m.
6. it is characterized in that in accordance with the method for claim 1:
Temperature and aerobic condition turn realization by ventilation and material, and ventilating fermentation process stacking turns 4-5 time.
7. according to claim 1 or 6 described methods, it is characterized in that: the walking screening apparatus is the key equipment of organic matter fermentation, screening apparatus can be walked automatically, 72 rotary teeth that turn are arranged under the vehicle body, the machine walking in the walking process, has reached the purpose of oxygenation on the one hand on the stacking of terraced font, also reduce humidity and temperature simultaneously, satisfy the needs of material fermentation condition.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103706619A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-09 | 宁波加泰罗尼亚环保科技有限公司 | Household garbage primary sorting system |
| CN104058800A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-09-24 | 南通惠然生物科技有限公司 | Biotechnology method for treating household garbage |
| CN104772325A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-07-15 | 青岛市环境卫生科研所 | Rural domestic waste low-energy-consumption resource utilization technology |
| CN105753541A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-07-13 | 华伟 | Process for preparing activated organic fertilizer from household garbage |
| CN106513415A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-22 | 南开大学 | Fermentation technology before mixed garbage sorting and application |
| CN106513416A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-22 | 南开大学 | A technical method for mixed refuse sorting and deodorizing |
-
2013
- 2013-05-29 CN CN2013102075474A patent/CN103265343A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103706619A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-09 | 宁波加泰罗尼亚环保科技有限公司 | Household garbage primary sorting system |
| CN104058800A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-09-24 | 南通惠然生物科技有限公司 | Biotechnology method for treating household garbage |
| CN104772325A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-07-15 | 青岛市环境卫生科研所 | Rural domestic waste low-energy-consumption resource utilization technology |
| CN105753541A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-07-13 | 华伟 | Process for preparing activated organic fertilizer from household garbage |
| CN106513415A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-22 | 南开大学 | Fermentation technology before mixed garbage sorting and application |
| CN106513416A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-22 | 南开大学 | A technical method for mixed refuse sorting and deodorizing |
| CN106513415B (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2018-12-11 | 南开大学 | A kind of preposition zymotechnique of composting sorting and application |
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Application publication date: 20130828 |