CN103259496A - Closed-loop negative-feedback modulation and demodulation switch power amplifier - Google Patents
Closed-loop negative-feedback modulation and demodulation switch power amplifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN103259496A CN103259496A CN2012100465090A CN201210046509A CN103259496A CN 103259496 A CN103259496 A CN 103259496A CN 2012100465090 A CN2012100465090 A CN 2012100465090A CN 201210046509 A CN201210046509 A CN 201210046509A CN 103259496 A CN103259496 A CN 103259496A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel switch power amplifier. The switch power amplifier is characterized in that signals are sampled from a power output end of the amplifier to be fed back to a signal input end of the amplifier to modulate input signals, and demodulation of power output signals of the amplifier is performed through timely control (modulation) to the input signals through feedback signals. An error amplifier, a Schmidt trigger, a switch amplifier, a demodulation inductor and a feedback network are sequentially connected to form the switch power amplifier. One end of the feedback network is connected with an output end of the inductor while the other end of the same is connected with an input end of the error amplifier, and all the units of the switch power amplifier are connected to form a big closed-loop negative-feedback circuit. The operation process includes that the error amplifier amplifies difference values between the input signals and the feedback signals and outputs triangular waves, the Schmidt trigger transforms the triangular waves into rectangular waves, the switch amplifier performs power amplification to the rectangular waves, and finally the demodulation inductor recovers wave forms of the input signals.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the switch power amplifier technical field, relate to the method for amplifier input signal modulation and switching pulse signal generation and switch power output signal demodulation.The invention provides a kind of brand-new input signal modulation and the method for switching pulse signal generation and switch power output signal demodulation.
Background technology
Switch power amplifier has intimate 100% delivery efficiency, and the power amplifier of other type has only the delivery efficiency about 50% usually, thereby is a kind of energy-efficient power amplifier, has the application market of wide model.
Use (as in frequency converter) at most in the market, the method that the switch power amplifier that technology is the most ripe is to use triangular wave that input signal is modulated, what use is pulse width modulated principle, be input signal by triangular modulation after, produce and a series ofly account for wide ratio corresponding to the cabinet shape impulse wave of input signal amplitude, at the switch power output, because output is high-frequency contour not wide cabinet shape ripple, waveform (as the sine wave) youngster of it and input signal has no similarity, therefore need carry out demodulation, the method of demodulation generally is to adopt passive filter that it is carried out filtering to handle, to obtain and the output of importing waveform similarity, thereby the output distortion degree of this switch power amplifier is very big, can only be applied in and resemble on the lower product of this generic request of frequency converter, can not be applied to resemble in the very little product of this generic request distortion factor of audio-frequency power amplifier.Though now also there is the switch power amplifier of some types to have greatly improved in the distortion factor, technical sophistication, the cost height is difficult to promote the use of.
Summary of the invention
It is succinct to the invention provides a kind of circuit, and cost is low, and the distortion factor is little, and the high efficiency switch power amplifier of wide application has well solved the problems referred to above.
The present invention has adopted and has got back to input from the output feedback signal of power amplifier input signal is modulated, it is a kind of new method that the traditional switch power amplifier adopts the peripheral hardware triangular-wave generator that input signal is modulated that is different from, and the demodulation of the power output signal of amplifier also is by feedback signal input signal to be regulated and control (modulation) immediately to carry out, thereby comprised the factor of demodulation in the modulation, demodulation is undertaken by modulation, and modulation and demodulation organically are linked together by negative feedback to be carried out.This has not only saved a triangular-wave generator, and because it is a closed loop degree of depth negative feedback amplifier, so amplifying signal has the very little distortion factor, the feature of Here it is close loop negative feedback modulation-demodulation switch power amplifier is different from other switch power amplifiers.
Circuit part of the present invention constitutes a close loop negative feedback modulation-demodulation switch power amplifier by error amplifier, Schmidt trigger, switching amplifier, demodulation inductor and feedback network, and its structure as shown in Figure 1.Its operation principle is: input signal compares with feedback signal in error amplifier, small difference between two signals is exaggerated, multiplication factor is the open-loop gain of error amplifier (being generally operational amplifier), when the difference voltage of error amplifier output rises to the evoked potential higher limit of Schmidt trigger, triggering the stable state of Schmidt trigger overturns, be " 1 " stable state from the upset of " 0 " stable state, power switch pipe conducting in the pulse current activation switch amplifier of output also reaches capacity, full sharp pressure drop on the switching tube is very little, therefore the electric energy loss on the switching tube is very little, delivery efficiency is very high, and supply voltage almost all is loaded into the input of demodulation inductor.The effect of demodulation inductor will be reduced into the intermittent square wave from switching amplifier output the waveform of the continuously smooth the same with input signal exactly, its course of work is to utilize the induction reactance effect of inductor, the supply voltage of exporting during the switching tube conducting is shared a part, make the voltage that is loaded in the load corresponding with input signal, and the electric energy of the steroid that cuts changes into magnetic energy and stores during dividing potential drop, again the magnetic energy that stores is changed into electric energy at switching tube during by output and discharges to keep continuous output to load.And this course of work of demodulation inductor is subjected to degenerative accurate control, when the power switch pipe conducting, electric current by inductor is just pressed circuit index fast rise, output to voltage in the load also with circuit index fast rise, therefore feed back to the feedback signal voltage of error amplifier also in fast rise, because the climbing of feedback signal is always greater than the climbing of input signal, therefore the voltage difference between feedback signal and the input signal is reducing, the triggering signal voltage of error amplifier output also can descend thereupon, drop to when triggering signal voltage under the setting of Schmidt trigger in limited time, the stable state of Schmidt trigger is " 0 " attitude from the one state upset, output current is 0, at this moment power switch pipe ends, cut off the power supply supply, but at this moment amplifier does not interrupt at once to the output of load, discharge and keep output but be stored in electric energy in the inductor during original dividing potential drop, at this moment be released along with the energy in the inductor and decay, output voltage can descend fast, feed back to the feedback signal of error amplifier also in quick decline, therefore the difference of feedback signal and input signal will widen again, the difference voltage of error amplifier output at this moment can rise again, when the difference voltage of error amplifier output rises to the capping value of Schmidt trigger again, upset takes place and is one state in the stable state of Schmidt trigger again, switching power tube is conducting again ..., the new round circulation of said process begins again to carry out repeatedly.In the circular flow process of amplifier work, power output and feedback signal are being followed the input signal identical change generally, both difference only is that feedback signal exists that a kind of chokes and the stream that continues produce small high-frequency fluctuation repeatedly owing to high-frequency ground Switching Power Supply causes inductor, the amplitude of this high-frequency fluctuation is less than the millivolt rank, the return difference value that approximates the bound evoked potential of Schmidt trigger is removed in the open loop multiplication factor of error amplifier (operational amplifier), with respect to several volts even the output voltage of several hectovolts influence be very little, therefore switch power amplifier output distortion degree of the present invention is very little.
The operation waveform of following each unit component in the switch power amplifier running below further specifies the course of work, for brevity, at first in conjunction with switch power amplifier shown in Figure 2 input during direct current signal the operation waveform of each unit component analyze: be input to error amplifier from the outside
Direct current signalWaveform is one as shown in the figure
Horizontal linear, but after the error amplifier modulation, export
The error triggering signalBe shown as row
Triangular wave, the summit current potential of triangular wave is Schmidt trigger " 1 " stable state evoked potential U
P1, the peak valley current potential then is " 0 " stable state evoked potential U of Schmidt trigger
P0When the forward position of triangular wave current potential rises to summit, namely trigger Schmidt trigger and be turned to " 1 " stable state, output
Rectangular pulsePower switch pipe conducting in the activation switch amplifier, output
The rectangle output pulses is shortElectric current by the demodulation inductor is increased fast by the circuit index, be loaded into electric current in the load and voltage fast rise too, therefore feedback signal fast rise too, when rising to, the voltage of feedback signal approaches when equaling input signal, because degenerative effect, the output voltage of error amplifier drops to peak valley fast from summit, trigger Schmidt trigger again and be turned to " 0 " stable state, turn-offed rectangular pulse output, power switch pipe is ended, power supply is supplied with and is cut off, at this moment the electric energy that stores in the demodulation inductor just is released the output that continues to keep to load, and the consumption that discharges along with store electrical energy, electric current and the voltage of inductor output also can descend thereupon, but can not drop to 0, because the decline along with output voltage, because degenerative effect, the output voltage of error amplifier can rise from peak valley again, and the voltage of working as inductor output only descends and is less than 1 millivolt, and the output voltage of error amplifier has just risen to the one state evoked potential U of Schmidt trigger
P1, power switch pipe again can conducting and make the output voltage of inductor rise like this, and therefore above-mentioned cyclic process is carried out on this basis repeatedly, switch power amplifier
Power outputWith
Feedback signalOnly there is minor fluctuations less than 1 millivolt with respect to direct-flow input signal.At this moment the difference of the current potential amplitude between feedback signal and the input signal is that (1) attitude evoked potential (usually less than 10V) of trigger and poor (return difference) of (0) stable state evoked potential are removed in the open loop multiplication factor (probably being 100,000 times) of error amplifier (operational amplifier), this is a very little difference, so amplifier
Feedback signalWaveform with respect to
Direct-flow input signalOnly there is the minor fluctuations less than 1 millivolt.As can be seen from Figure 2, why error amplifier is imported is direct current signal and what export is triangular signal, just because of the error that exists this minor fluctuations between feedback signal and the input signal, the difference of this minor fluctuations amplified up to ten thousand times by error amplifier, output be exactly triangular waveform
The error triggering signalIt can also be seen that from Fig. 2, triangular wave rising front edge width is exactly the duty cycle of square wave, simultaneously also be the decline stage of output waveform and feedback waveform, and the back edge that triangular wave descends account for the width that accounts for that width is exactly the square wave pulse, also is simultaneously the ascent stage of output waveform and feedback waveform.
Fig. 3 is the operation waveform of amplifier each unit component when the input sine wave AC signal, the waveform that minor fluctuations is arranged at the horizontal line of power output potential during direct current signal with respect to input among Fig. 2, be that envelope power sine wave output shape has small fluctuation during the input sine wave AC signal, and from the triangular wave of error amplifier output during with respect to direct current signal the triangular waveform of rule then manifest little rule, the same always the remaining unchanged during still with direct current signal of the summit current potential of its triangular wave and peak valley current potential, this is that evoked potential by trigger limits, but in each sinusoidal wave period, the forward position of each triangular wave and back all are different along width, so triangle wave period also is unequal.Front porch width and back just because of triangular wave inequality cause Schmidt trigger to produce the rectangular pulse of respective change along width and these three factors of cycle, the width of triangular wave rising front is exactly the time that trigger is in " 0 " stable state, triangular wave descends back along width just trigger be in time of " 1 " stable state, therefore the square wave that produces of trigger to account for wide ratio just corresponding along width and cycle with the front and back of triangular wave with the cycle, these three factors all are subjected to the accurate modulation of negative-feedback signal, accurately controlling the conducting of switching tube and the time that ends, make inductor play extraordinary demodulation effect, can accurately go back the waveform of original input signal, so amplifier has very high fidelity.
In order to be applicable to different purposes, this switch power amplifier has single supply and two kinds of structures of duplicate supply respectively.Various devices in the single supply amplifier only need each just can constitute with a unit, and as shown in Figure 1, it is applicable to amplifies direct current signal and unidirectional pulse signal.Various devices in the duplicate supply amplifier can only need the unit except error amplifier and inductor and feedback network, Schmidt trigger and switching amplifier then need to be made of positive supply trigger and negative supply trigger and positive supply switching amplifier and each two unit of negative supply switching amplifier, as shown in Figure 4, it is applicable to and amplifies the two-way exchange signal.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is close loop negative feedback modulation-demodulation switch power amplifier circuit structure diagram.
The operation waveform of each unit of switch power amplifier when Fig. 2 is the input direct current signal.
The operation waveform of each unit of switch power amplifier when Fig. 3 is input exchange signal, for brevity, the square wave of Schmidt trigger and switching amplifier output does not draw among this figure.
Fig. 4 is twin-power switch power amplifier circuit structure chart.
Fig. 5 is novel Schmitt trigger circuit figure.
Embodiment
Close loop negative feedback modulation-demodulation switch power amplifier of the present invention is by error amplifier, Schmidt trigger, switching amplifier, these five of demodulation inductor and feedback networks can constitute, also can extra cell if any specific (special) requirements, such as behind inductor, connecting passive filter, modulate the high frequency subwave that is produced with further elimination, but the shunt capacitance that must be noted that filter can not be attempted by on the tie point of feedback network and inductor, so not only can not filtering modulate the high frequency subwave that produces, can only reduce modulating frequency, reduced output speed on the contrary, and unfavorable to high-fidelity.
The title of each unit all is classical title in the close loop negative feedback modulation-demodulation switch power amplifier, and just novels, anecdotes, etc. can adopt ready-made typical device or circuit to form.But also can adopt novel device and circuit newly developed to form, error amplifier wherein can adopt typical operational amplifier to serve as, and also can adopt the preamplifier of other type to serve as.
In close loop negative feedback modulation-demodulation switch power amplifier, the effect of Schmidt trigger is that triangular wave is transformed into square wave, except the typical Schmitt trigger circuit that can adopt technology maturation, also can adopt other types to have the trigger of same function.Fig. 4 is a kind of novel Schmitt trigger circuit that the present invention develops in force, and its core texture and operation principle are similar to turn-off thyristor, wherein VT
1And VT
2It is a pair of complementary pipe triode, two pipes are concatenated into the single channel switching circuit, the c utmost point of each triode is connected with the b utmost point of another triode, forming strong positive feedback between two pipes goes the same way, two triode conductings (" 1 " stable state) simultaneously during triggering and conducting, two triodes were simultaneously by (" 0 " stable state) when triggering ended.The conducting evoked potential U of this trigger
P1Be VT
1The be extreme pressure U falls
BeAdd voltage stabilizing didoe VD
1Burning voltage U
Z, i.e. U
P1=U
Be+ U
z, the stable voltage that changes voltage stabilizing didoe can change evoked potential, if the cancellation voltage stabilizing didoe is also VT
1E utmost point ground connection, evoked potential U so
P1Just equal VT
1The extremely initial conduction voltage drop U of be
Be, approximate 0.5 volt.Triggering signal is passed through R
1Be input to VT
1B extremely go up, when the current potential of triggering signal rises to evoked potential U
P1The time, VT
1Just begin conducting, thereby give VT
2Provide base current, through VT
2Feed back to VT after the amplification again
1Thereby bigger base current impels VT
1Darker conducting, such circulation positive feedback impel that two triodes are very fast to be turned to saturation conduction attitude (namely being turned to " 1 " stable state from " 0 " stable state) from off-state, at this moment keep the VT that trigger is stablized conducting
1The base current I of pipe
B1By VT
2Pipe passes through resistance R
2Provide, make VT
1Pipe and VT
2Manage the off-state that overturns back, will take VT away
1Base current I
B1, this just must make the resistance R of triggering signal input
1On reverse pressure drop U
R1Be U
R1=I
B1R
1, VT when being in conducting state owing to this trigger
1Base potential remain U
P1So, trigger the signal potential U that ends
P0Be U just
P0=U
P1-U
R1, so U
R1Just the return difference of evoked potential is adjusted R
1Resistance value just can change trigger upset and be the evoked potential U of off-state
P0, also be the return difference of having adjusted evoked potential, be not the evoked potential U of conducting state but can not change the trigger upset
P1Inverter VT
3Be used for switching amplifier is coupled in the output of trigger.
Switching amplifier generally is made up of 1 to 3 grade of switching transistor amplifying circuit, can select number of stages of amplification according to the needs of power output size, its switching transistor can adopt one pole type or bipolar transistor, also can mix with two kinds of transistors and form, when the needs high-tension high-power was exported, adopting the IGBT assembly was good selection.When amplifier adopted dual power source structure, switching amplifier adopted positive pulse amplification group and negative pulse amplification fabric to become, and positive pulse amplification group connects positive source, and the positive potential square-wave signal is carried out power amplification, output positive voltage output pulses; Negative pulse amplification group connects power cathode, and the negative potential square-wave signal is carried out power amplification, output negative voltage output pulses.When dual power source structure only adopted a power power-supply, amplifier can adopt the method for capacitive coupling output or bridge architecture output.
The demodulation inductor generally is made of a coil that has magnetic core, has the magnetic gap of certain width on the loop of magnetic core, if the power output of amplifier is less, also can be made of the air core coil with magnetic core not.The inductance value magnitude relationship of demodulation inductor also is related to the height of modulating frequency to the size of power amplifier switching rate, therefore can have influence on the distortion factor of amplifier.We wish that the switching rate of amplifier is the bigger the better, modulating frequency is more high more good, the distortion of amplifier is just more little like this, and the size of inductor also can be done smallerly, but modulating frequency is more high, the switching loss of power switch pipe is just more big, and is also more high to the high frequency performance requirement of switching tube, therefore will take all factors into consideration the inductance value size that decides the demodulation inductor.
The negative feedback network of switch power amplifier of the present invention does not have any specific (special) requirements, and employing resembles class ab ammplifier feedback circuit commonly used and both can.Also can be divided into two types of voltage negative feedback and Current Negative Three-Point Capacitance, Current Negative Three-Point Capacitance is applicable to the amplifier that need control power output, when for example being used for solar power generation or wind power generation to the power converter of grid power transmission, just must control power output, itself and generated output are complementary, because the output voltage of power amplifier namely is line voltage, so only need control output current and can control power output, at this moment the sample of signal of feedback network can be adopted Hall current sensor, can avoid feedback signal distortions such as angular difference to occur like this.
Close loop negative feedback modulation-demodulation switch power amplifier of the present invention has the efficient height, distortion is low, the characteristics that circuit is succinct, be applicable to and make high efficiency audio-frequency power amplifier, also can be applied to frequency converter and power converter, and need carry out various fields such as high efficiency power amplification to signal in control of magnetic suspension bearing etc. and all can use.
Claims (9)
1. close loop negative feedback modulation-demodulation switch power amplifier, it is characterized in that the signal input part that feeds back to amplifier from the power take-off sampled signal of amplifier modulates input signal, and the demodulation of the power output signal of amplifier also is by feedback signal input signal to be regulated and control (modulation) immediately to carry out, therefore the factor that has comprised demodulation in the modulation, demodulation is by modulation Mi Jinhang, and modulation and demodulation organically are linked together by negative feedback to be carried out.
2. close loop negative feedback modulation-demodulation switch power amplifier is by error amplifier, Schmidt trigger, switching amplifier, demodulation inductor and the feedback network formation that is linked in sequence, wherein one of feedback network connects the output of inductor, the other end connects the error amplifier input, make all unit of switch power amplifier connect into a closure and encircle feedback circuit greatly, wherein error amplifier and Schmidt trigger are united the modulation of finishing input signal, switching amplifier and demodulation inductor are united and are finished power amplification and demodulation, and feedback network then plays both accurate control actions of harmony.
3. close loop negative feedback modulation-demodulation switch power amplifier can be divided into single supply structure and two kinds of circuit of dual power source structure, and each device cell in the single supply structure (such as error amplifier or switching amplifier) only needs one and can constitute.And so can only need the unit except error amplifier and demodulation inductor and feedback network in the dual power source structure, Schmidt trigger then need respectively use two unit to be connected positive supply and negative supply respectively with switching amplifier.
4. adopt operational amplifier to serve as usually as right 2 described error amplifiers, also can adopt the preamplifier of other types to serve as, its function is that input signal and feedback signal are compared, difference is between the two amplified, in service at this amplifier, the output waveform of error amplifier is characterized as triangular wave, even input is direct current signal, its output also be triangular wave, the summit current potential of the triangular wave of its perfect condition is sent out device from " 0 " stable state upset evoked potential during for " 1 " stable state for the Schmidt angle, the trough current potential of triangular wave is sent out device from " 1 " stable state upset evoked potential during for " 0 " stable state for the Schmidt angle, but in fact because the delayed action that circuit transfers, its summit current potential rises higherly slightly than one state evoked potential, and the peak valley current potential also can descend lowlyer slightly than " 0 " attitude evoked potential.
5. the effect as right 2 described Schmidt triggers is that the triangular wave from error amplifier output is transformed into square wave, when the forward position of triangular pulse rises to the evoked potential of trigger, trigger is turned to " 1 " stable state from " 0 " stable state, when the back edge of triangular pulse drops to returning of trigger and turns over current potential, trigger is from " 1 " stable state " 0 " stable state of overturning back, any trigger with above-mentioned functions can use in this amplifier, when amplifier is taked dual power source structure, adopt a pair of positive supply and negative supply trigger respectively corresponding positive and negative triangular pulse carry out conversion, positive pulse triggers the positive supply trigger, output positive potential square wave; Negative pulse triggers the negative supply trigger, output negative potential square wave.
6. as right 2 described switching amplifiers can one pole type or bipolar switch pipe be formed by (containing 1) more than 1 according to the demand of power output size, also can be formed by switching tube or the power model of other type, when amplifier adopts dual power source structure, switching amplifier adopts positive pulse amplification group and two unit of negative pulse amplification group to constitute, positive pulse amplification group connects positive supply, the positive potential square-wave signal is carried out power amplification, output positive voltage output pulses; Negative pulse amplification group connects negative supply, and the negative potential square-wave signal is carried out power amplification, output negative voltage output pulses.
7. as right 2 described demodulation inductors, constituted by a coil that has magnetic core, have the magnetic gap of certain width on the loop of magnetic core, also can be constituted by the air core coil with magnetic core not.
8. be divided into two kinds on voltage feedback-type and current feedback type as right 2 described feedback networks, but the different output of root requires to select, one side of feedback network connects the power take-off of amplifier, the signal input part that another side connects amplifier constitutes negative feedback loop, and the parameter of suitably choosing feedback element can determine the signal amplification factor of amplifier.
9. as right 5 described a kind of novel Schmidt triggers, it is characterized in that core texture and operation principle are similar to turn-off thyristor, be concatenated into the single channel switching circuit by a positive-negative-positive and a NPN triode, the c utmost point of each triode is connected with the b utmost point of another triode, form strong positive feedback loop between two pipes, two triode conductings (" 1 " stable state) simultaneously during triggering and conducting, two triodes were simultaneously by (" 0 " stable state) when triggering ended.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104931077A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-23 | 南京邮电大学 | Circuit for reducing residual offset of integrated hall sensor |
| CN106980034A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-07-25 | 上海紫通信息科技有限公司 | High current power amplifier device |
| CN107431464A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2017-12-01 | 西门子公司 | Emission amplifier for the amplified signal in wireless transmitting system |
| CN111193476A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-22 | 广州慧智微电子有限公司 | Amplifier and amplifying method |
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| CN101807856A (en) * | 2009-02-05 | 2010-08-18 | 三美电机株式会社 | Dc-dc converter and switching control circuit |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107431464A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2017-12-01 | 西门子公司 | Emission amplifier for the amplified signal in wireless transmitting system |
| CN104931077A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-23 | 南京邮电大学 | Circuit for reducing residual offset of integrated hall sensor |
| CN104931077B (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2017-05-24 | 南京邮电大学 | Circuit for reducing residual offset of integrated hall sensor |
| CN106980034A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-07-25 | 上海紫通信息科技有限公司 | High current power amplifier device |
| CN111193476A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-22 | 广州慧智微电子有限公司 | Amplifier and amplifying method |
| CN111193476B (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2022-10-14 | 广州慧智微电子股份有限公司 | Amplifier and amplifying method |
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Application publication date: 20130821 |