CN103250060A - 用于安装悬置装置的设备和方法 - Google Patents

用于安装悬置装置的设备和方法 Download PDF

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CN103250060A
CN103250060A CN2011800391813A CN201180039181A CN103250060A CN 103250060 A CN103250060 A CN 103250060A CN 2011800391813 A CN2011800391813 A CN 2011800391813A CN 201180039181 A CN201180039181 A CN 201180039181A CN 103250060 A CN103250060 A CN 103250060A
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wire clamp
electric conductor
equipment
bar
core
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B·W·麦克比
G·J·哈恩斯根
J·F·班廷
W·J·考斯托尔尼
B·C·克齐兰
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Cooper Technologies Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/20—Instruments transformers
    • H01F38/22—Instruments transformers for single phase ac
    • H01F38/28—Current transformers
    • H01F38/30—Constructions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/18—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using inductive devices, e.g. transformers
    • G01R15/183—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using inductive devices, e.g. transformers using transformers with a magnetic core
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/06—Mounting, supporting or suspending transformers, reactors or choke coils not being of the signal type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
    • G01R1/20—Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
    • G01R1/22—Tong testers acting as secondary windings of current transformers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)
  • Electric Cable Installation (AREA)
  • Transformers For Measuring Instruments (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Suspension Of Electric Lines Or Cables (AREA)
  • Locating Faults (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种固定到电导体并从电导体集电的设备，包括夹持到电导体并将设备固定到电导体的线夹、夹持到电导体并从电导体集电的变流器（“CT”）以及包括封围与设备相关的电路的腔的壳体。根据各方面，电路可包括一个或多个传感器和无线通信电路，且CT可包括芯部和接收由存在于电导体上交变电流产生的磁通所感应出的电流的电绕组。

Description

用于安装悬置装置的设备和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2010年8月10日提交的题为"Mounting Methods for OverheadDevice"的美国临时申请第61/372,360的权益，其全部内容以参见的方式纳入本文。本申请涉及2007年11月2日提交的题为“Communicating Faulted CircuitIndicator Apparatus and Method of Use Thereof”的美国专利申请第11/982,588号；2009年9月29日提交的题为“Overhead Communicating Device”的美国申请第12/569,343号；2009年9月29日提交的题为“Power Line EnergyHarvesting Power Supply”的美国专利申请第12/569,446号；2011年8月9日提交的题为“Apparatus and Method for Mounting an Overhead MonitoringDevice”的美国专利申请第13/205,824号；以及2011年8月9日提交题为“Apparatus for Mounting an Overhead Monitoring Device”的美国专利申请第13/205,829。在此以参见的方式完全引入前述优先权和相关申请中每一个的完整内容。
技术领域
本发明总体涉及输电线监测装置，将输电线监测装置稳固地固定到输电线，并通过与输电线感应耦合来为输电线监测装置供电。
背景
现代电力分配***包括多个独立装置，这些独立装置测量和控制来自发电设备的电力分配以计量接入点。通常，“传输***”从发电设备向变电站输电，且“分配***”将发出的电从变电站分配到终端。传输和分配***可各包括测量、监测和/或控制电力流量的一个或多个“监测装置”。例如，监测装置可包括用于测量、监测和/或控制传输或分配***的输电线导体上电力流量的故障电路指示器（“FCI”）、电流传感器、和/或电压传感器。
理想的是将由监测装置测量的信息通信到诸如自动计量基础设施（AMI）的远程设备，在该处该信息可与由其它监测设备测量的信息一起进行分析。为此，监测装置可包括无线通信的无线电设备，例如以无线通信测量的信息。因此，监测装置需要电源向与无线通信相关的电路供电。但是，当放置在分配***的导体上时，电源通常不可用于监测装置。向监测装置供电的常规方法涉及使用寿命有限、不可靠且昂贵的电池或太阳能电池。电池具有有限电力且不能提供输电线上监测装置所需的持续电力。太阳能电池可在存储设备中充电，但由于污染、天气、降雪和其它因素而不可靠。
此外，监测装置应当包括即使在整个日历年度变化的环境条件下也能稳固地附连到输电线的装置。此外，理想的是监测装置构造成其可由现场技术人员固定到输电线而无需使输电线断电，从而使电气服务分配的中断最少。
因此，该领域需要改进的监测装置，其具有稳固地固定到输电线的装置并还包括适当的电源。
发明内容
提供一种固定到电导体并从电导体集电的设备，包括夹持到电导体并将设备固定到电导体的线夹、夹持到电导体并从电导体集电的变流器（“CT”）以及包括封围与设备相关的电路的腔的壳体。在各方面，电路可包括一个或多个传感器和无线通信电路，且CT可包括芯部和接收由电导体上存在的交变电流产生的磁通所感应出电流的电绕组。
在其它各方面，设备可包括将所感应出的电流转换成能量进行存储以供各传感器和无线通信电路消耗的电路，且该设备可包括CT，该CT包括第一和第二磁芯部分，第一和第二磁芯部分可分开地与设备成一体。该设备还可包括：一个或多个弹簧，将第一和第二磁芯部分弹性偏置到关闭位置；调节杆，该调节杆基于转动固定电导体；以及接地点，该接地点与电导体电耦合。
在其它各方面，提供用于固定到电导体并从电导体集电的设备，包括：具有内腔的壳体；固定并覆盖***芯式变流器（“CT”）的顶部芯的顶盖；固定并覆盖***芯式变流器（“CT”）的底部芯的底盖；以及夹持到电导体并将设备固定到电导体的线夹；以及邻接壳体、顶盖和底盖的臂。
在其它各方面，设备可包括在一端固定到底盖并穿过CT杆弹簧和臂内的通孔的CT杆，其中该CT杆弹簧在臂与底盖之间围绕CT杆，并提供将CT的顶部芯和底部芯保持在关闭位置的弹性偏置，且CT杆的另一端包括调节眼孔，用以抵抗弹性偏置来移动CT以打开CT的顶部芯和底部芯。在其它各方面，设备可包括：穿过线夹内通孔的线夹杆、以及固定在线夹杆一端的齿，以通过线夹固定电导体，其中线夹杆的另一端包括调节眼孔，用以扭动线夹杆来将设备从电导体脱开。
在其它各方面，设备可包括：顶盖，该顶盖包括从一侧延伸的柱；以及线夹，该线夹包括柱通孔，其中顶盖的柱设置成穿过线夹的柱通孔以将线夹固定到顶盖，其中线夹形成为绕顶盖的柱相对于顶盖、底盖、壳体和臂枢转。
在其它各方面，设备可包括电路，该电路设置在壳体的内腔内，并将绕组内感应出的电流转换成用于感测和测量电导体状态的电能，其中状态包括故障状态，并且设置在壳体的内腔内的电路包括与电导体电耦合的接地点。
提供一种用于固定到电导体并从电导体集电的方法，包括：调节变流器（“CT”）夹杆以打开CT；将CT定位到搁置在电导体上的位置；调节线夹杆以打开线夹；以及将线夹和线夹杆定位成使得线夹夹持电导体，其中线夹和CT构成监测装置的各构件，且监测装置包括：具有内腔的壳体；覆盖CT的顶部芯的顶盖；覆盖CT的底部芯的底盖；以及邻接壳体、顶盖以及底盖的臂。
附图的简要描述
为了更完整地理解本发明及其优点，现参照下文结合以下简要说明附图的描述：
图1是根据本发明实施例的监测装置的框图；
图2A是根据本发明实施例处于打开位置的监测装置的正视图；
图2B是根据本发明实施例处于关闭位置的监测装置的正视图；
图2C是根据本发明实施例处于打开位置的监测装置的后视图；
图2D是根据本发明实施例的监测装置的剖视图；
图3示出根据本发明另一实施例的监测装置。
图4示出根据本发明另一实施例的监测装置；以及
图5示出根据本发明实施例的变流器夹子。
详细描述
本发明涉及一种可方便地固定到输电线而无需中断或影响输电线整体性的监测装置。根据本发明，包括经由来自输电线的磁通量获取能量的变流器（“CT”）的监测装置固定到输电线。与CT关联的电路将由CT获取的能量转化成可由一个或多个电路和装置使用的能量。例如，该能量可为一个或多个微控制器、传感器、无线通信装置和/或其它电路和装置供电。
监测装置的一个或多个传感器监测和收集与输电线相关的信息。例如，传感器可收集关于输电线上电流、输电线上的电压、输电线的温度的信息和/或关于输电线上是否存在振动的信息。在本发明的各实施例中，一个或多个无线通信装置将所收集信息的至少一部分通信到远程位置。例如，该信息可通信到与输电线和/或监测装置关联的中央公共事业公司的AMI。
一方面，与监测装置关联的电路可包括当输电线监测装置固定到输电线时与输电线电耦合的接地参考点。因此，本发明的各实施例可包括经由与输电线的耦合而使监测装置与接地参考点耦合。在该实施例中，监测装置和监测装置的相关电路保持作为接地或基准电压的输电线的电势。因而，围绕监测装置存在大致相等或均匀的电场。与不具有相等和均匀电场的监测装置相比，依赖于输电线作为接地或基准电压的监测装置能够以降低的噪声和干扰进行无线通信。
在将监测装置固定到输电线之前，监测装置的电势可与输电线的电压电势显著不同。这样，本发明的某些实施例包括设置在在输电线与监测装置之间的半导体材料垫，从而在将监测装置固定到输电线时减慢输电线与监测装置之间的电势差变化速率。减慢变化速率可使将监测装置固定于输电线和/或与输电线电耦合时电晕放电的风险最小。
在本发明的某些实施例中，监测装置的CT包括两个“***式芯”部分，这允许CT方便地安装，使输电线延伸穿过CT而输电线不断电。***式芯部分中的至少一个包括围绕该部分缠绕的电线绕组。因此，当CT安装在输电线附近时，由输电线传导的交变电流产生的交变磁通场与CT和CT的电线绕组耦合。因此在CT的电线绕组内产生感应电流，该感应电流可转化成与监测装置相关的电路的电能。
为了从CT的电绕组内产生的感应电流获得电能，与监测装置相关联的电路可包括预调节电路，该预调节电路从CT接收感应电流的并产生匹配CT的功率曲线的电压。在该情况下，预调解器的输出与开关调节器耦合，该开关调节器将电压调节到适于与监测装置关联的电路、诸如无线通信装置或其它装置的输出电压。该电路还可包括能量存储装置，诸如可充电电池或超级电容器，该能量存储装置在输电线未运载足够的交变电流以在CT的电线绕组内感应足够电流时向电路供电。
监测装置和其关联的电路设计成承受恶劣环境并提供可靠的操作。例如，CT可由壳体、环氧树脂涂层或其它装置保护。此外，与监测装置关联的电路的壳体可设计成从环境保护电路和其它部件。监测装置的至少某些部件可由适于承受暴露于雨、冰、雪、太阳、风和其它环境条件的材料构成。
根据本发明的某些方面，监测装置设计成使得其可由现场技术人员稳固地附连到输电线而无需使输电线断电。即，监测装置可仅使用带电操作杆附连到输电线而无需使输电线断电和中断电力分配服务。此外，本发明的监测装置设计成提供到输电线的稳固附连，从而监测装置不太可能由于风、雨、冰雹或其它环境条件而从输电线脱开固定。
现转向附图，其中相同的附图标记标示相同的构件，更详细地描述本发明的各实施例。
图1是根据本发明的某些实施例的监测装置100的框图。监测装置100包括CT和传感器102以及与监测装置关联的电路104。作为与监测装置关联的电路104的实例，电路104包括控制电路106、通信电路110、存储器108、重置界面112以及一个或多个指示器114。应指出，图1所示的电路104仅作为实例提供，并电路104可包括其它电路或省略部件106、108、110、112和114中的某些或全部。
总地来说，如下文参照图2A-2D更详细描述的，监测装置100可由夹持件或确保监测装置100与输电线116之间牢固机械连接的其它机械固定装置稳固地附连到输电线116。术语“输电线”在本文中用于指从一位置向另一位置传输电力的任何类型电导体。例如，输电线116可包括运载和分配电力的一个或多个上方或地下公共电缆。
监测装置由CT的电线绕组中产生的感应电流供电，且控制电路106可包括预调节电路，该预调节电路从CT接收感应电流并基于感应电流产生电压。各传感器测量输电线116上的状态。例如，各传感器可实时或近实时地测量输电线116上存在的电压和电流。在本发明的各实施例中，可使用各种类型的传感器来测量与输电线116的状态、监测装置100的状态、或输电线116和监测装置100的环境相关的参数，诸如线温度、线倾度（line tilt）、环境温度、风速、电部件的液位、来自所监测变压器的溶解气体含量或压力、电池状态。频率、谐波、零交叉点、振动和/或功率因子。各传感器将各测量值通信到控制电路106以进行处理。控制电路106还可将各测量值存储在存储器108内、经由指示器114提供测量值的外部指示、并经由通信电路110通信测量值。
在某些实施例中，控制电路106包括微控制器，该微控制器编程为分析传感器数据并根据各事件或状态作出响应。例如，控制器104可构造成处理和分析传感器数据、将传感器数据存储在存储器108内、将传感器数据经由通信电路110传送到远程位置118、并经由指示器114提供传感器数据的一个或多个指示。即，控制电路106可构造成基于传感器数据提供输电线116上已发生故障状态的指示。
控制电路106包括稳压电源，该稳压电源利用CT的最佳功率点，该最佳功率点基于CT的磁芯材料的磁导率、磁芯的横截面面积、围绕磁芯缠绕的电线绕组的匝数、将磁芯半部分开的空气间隙、电路的谐振频率、以及诸如电线绕组的电线电阻、切换效率和其它电气因素之类的其它因素。由CT获取的能量可存储在诸如一个或多个电池或电容器的能量存储装置中。
指示器114可包括一个或多个发光二极管（LED）或其它指示器，且该指示可包括使LED发光以给予现场技术人员故障状态的指示。因此，指示器114可提供已发生故障的视觉指示。在某些实施例中，指示器包括高能见度的显示装置、液晶显示器（LCD）或其它类似的显示装置。此外，指示器114可发出可听声音以警告大概附近的技术人员监测装置100已经探测到故障状态。
存储器108可包括任何适当的永久性或半永久性存储器，诸如闪存存储器或其它类型存储器。当控制电路106确定应当记录传感器数据时，诸如当传感器数据指示异常状态或故障时，控制电路106可将传感器数据和与传感器数据相关的信息一起记录在存储器中，与传感器数据相关的信息诸如测量传感器数据的时间、监测装置100的地理坐标、测量传感器数据时的环境条件或其它类似数据。
在某些实施例中，存储器108还可存储与监测装置100相关的信息。例如，安装时，存储器108可用监测装置100的全局坐标进行编程。或者，存储器108可存储其它识别信息，诸如但不限于街道地址、监测装置100的唯一识别符、公共电网坐标（grid coordinate）或附近公共电线杆或其它地标的识别符。
通信电路110包括构造成将数据发送到远程位置118的电路。在某些实施例中，通信电路110使用诸如GSM（全球移动通信***）或CDMA（码分多址）的蜂窝技术与远程位置118通信。通信电路110还可任何数量的无线或有线通信协议的部件，包括802.11标准，蓝牙（IEEE802.15.1）、ZigBee（IEEE802.15.4）、互联网协议、许可或未许可的无线电、光纤、输电线载波通信技术中的任一种。
远程位置118可与公共事业公司的中心机构关联，并能够同时监测来自多个监测装置100的通信馈送并将来自这些馈送的信息通信到负责传输和分配***维修和保养的单位。在该实施例中，远程位置118可包括连接到公共事业公司的停电管理***的中央服务器。当从监测装置100接收指示故障或传感器数据的信息时，服务器处理信息并将信息发送到停电管理***。服务器或停电管理***也可直接通信到负责维修和保养与故障或传感器数据相关的***的单位。
重置界面112可包括一个或多个重置操作，诸如指示器重置和存储器重置。在该上下文中，指示器重置操作删除指示器114上提供的故障指示，而存储器重置操作从存储器108清除至少某些传感器数据。存储器重置操作可指定所要清除的某些参数。例如，存储器重置操作可指定仅应当清除某个日期之前记录的传感器数据、应当清除所有传感器数据、应当清除与监测装置100相关的传感器数据和信息、应当清除除了监测装置100相关的信息以外的所有数据、和/或其它类似参数。
在某些实施例中，控制电路106可编程为通过执行指示器重置操作而非存储器重置指令来响应于对先前识别的故障事件的矫正。在该情况下，即使从指示器114清除故障指示，故障事件的记录以及伴随该故障事件的状态也会保留在存储器108内。此外，重置界面112可直接经由监测装置100的一个或多个按钮从“在场”的现场技术人员、从与监测装置100连接的输入装置、或从其它类似输入方法或装置直接接收重置指令。
现在转向图2A-2D，详细描述根据本发明一实施例的监测装置200的物理结构。如图2A-2D所示，监测装置200构造成搁置在电导体202上（即从电导体悬置）。电导体202可包括例如电力分配***中的输电线或中性线。根据本发明的各方面，监测装置200设计成可由电导体202支承，使得监测装置200可安全且可靠地由电导体202支承。
监测装置200包括臂210、壳体220、CT顶盖230、CT底盖232、线夹240、包括下述各构件的CT、以及其它附加构件，如下文描述且图2A-2D中示出的。参照图2D，其示出在图2B中指示的横截面2D-2D，壳体220包括内腔221，诸如电路104之类的各种电路部件223可设置在内腔221内。此外，壳体220可封围电池、电容器、或其它电力存储装置225以存储通过CT内感应的电流获得的电力。本领域的普通技术人员会认识到，壳体220的形状和尺寸可根据监测装置200的应用要求变化。壳体220可由适于耐受暴露于环境条件的任何材料构成，诸如合成塑料或半合成塑料实心材料或者本领域已知的适于该应用的其它材料。
在某些实施例中，壳体220还包括孔229，一个或多个天线228可延伸穿过孔229。天线228可与上述通信电路110关联。尽管图2A-2D示出两个天线228，但壳体220可不包括天线、一个天线或两个以上天线。壳体220可另外包括定位或安装在壳体220外部或半外部的指示器，诸如上文参照图1描述的指示器114。在该上下文中，指示器可设置在壳体220的外部，从而对现场技术人员来说是可见的。
壳体220构造成封围和保护电路部件223免受机械振动、风、雨、雪、冰雹和其它环境条件的影响。为此，用壳体220封围的部件223和其它部件可使用封装化合物、胶、或本领域适于该应用的任何其它装置固定。壳体220可包括壳体盖222，壳体盖222用诸如螺钉、塑料卡配件、铆钉或其它固定装置之类的固定件224固定到壳体220。较佳地，壳体220设计成天气密封的以排除环境因素影响。在壳体220的一侧或多侧上，壳体220包括从壳体220突出的安装凸部226。安装凸部形成为具有适于配装在臂210的匹配凹槽214内的一端，如图2C中最清楚示出的。如本领域技术人员会理解的，本发明包含将壳体220固定到臂210的替代装置。
CT顶盖230可配装在臂210上方并通过将臂210的凸部212卡入CT顶盖230的容座234内而连接或附连到臂210。CT顶盖230还包括用于将线夹240连接或附连到CT顶盖230的柱236（参见图2C）。应指出，在其它实施例中，线夹240可附连到监测装置200的臂210或其它构件。CT顶盖230使用封装化合物、胶、或本领域适于该应用的任何其它粘合剂、或者本领域理解的适于该应用的任何机械装置来固定CT***式顶部芯260（参见图2D）。CT顶盖230可由适于耐受环境的任何材料构成，诸如合成塑料或半合成塑料实心材料或者本领域已知的适于该应用的其它材料。
CT底盖232通过在CT底盖232的一侧上突出的夹持件238（参见图2C）连接到臂210。夹持件238附连到臂210并允许CT底盖232沿臂210的延伸长度从CT的打开位置向CT的关闭位置滑动。基于CT底盖232沿臂210的运动，监测装置200的CT打开和关闭。即，在图2A中，示出监测装置200的CT处于打开位置，且在图2B中，示出监测装置200的CT处于关闭位置。如图2C所示，夹持件238可形成在CT底盖232的一端，且形状适应臂210的尺寸。在形成之后，CT底盖232的夹持件238可卡在臂210上，同时允许CT底盖232沿臂210的延伸长度运动。夹持件238是将CT底盖232附连到臂210的装置的一实例，但本发明包括本领域会理解到的夹持件238的等同物。CT***式底部芯262使用封装化合物、胶、或本领域适于该应用的任何其它粘合剂、或者本领域理解的适于该应用的任何机械装置固定到CT底盖232。CT底盖232可由适于耐受环境的任何材料构成，诸如合成塑料或半合成塑料实心材料或者本领域已知的适于该应用的其它材料。
如上所述，监测装置100包括CT，该CT由CT***式顶部芯260、CT***式底部芯262以及电线绕组264组成，如图2D最清楚示出的。CT形成、适于并构造成获取基于电导体202上传导的交变电流在CT的电线绕组264内感应出的电流。CT***式顶部芯260和底部芯262构成CT的磁芯的第一和第二部分。
流过导体202的电流产生围绕导体202延伸的磁场，该磁场与CT的磁芯耦合并在CT的电线绕组264内感应出电流，该电流与流过电导体202的电流和围绕CT***式顶部芯260的电线绕组264的匝数成正比。应指出，替代地，电线绕组264可围绕CT***式底部芯262或围绕CT***式顶部芯260和底部芯262缠绕或裹绕。还应指出，CT包括主绕组和副绕组。即，如图2A-2D所示，电导体202和电线绕组264分别用作主绕组和副绕组。电连接器（未示出）将电线绕组264内感应出的电流送到壳体220。在本发明的各实施例中，电连接器可以是挠曲的或设置成刚性结构，诸如保护电连接器的管道。因此，壳体202可另外适于接纳电连接器，而不影响壳体220或设置在壳体220内的任何电路的整体性。
应指出，尽管图2A-2D示出将CT的磁芯分成CT***式顶部芯260和底部芯262两部分，但磁芯也可以各种其它角度和位置分开，使得CT***式顶部芯260和底部芯262的形状可变化。在一实施例中，CT的磁芯通过如下方式形成：围绕诸如芯棒的磁体形式缠绕各层金属以形成芯部，然后将芯部分成各部分。CT的磁芯包括诸如晶粒取向钢、超透磁合金、透磁合金、铁素体其组合之类的磁芯材料和/或本领域适于磁芯材料应用的其它已知材料。在某些实施例，磁芯还可包括环氧树脂或其它涂层以将磁芯从环境密封并保护磁芯。磁芯可在分成顶部芯260和底部芯262两部分之前或之后涂上环氧树脂。此外，芯部可真空浸渍有例如约0.2至0.6密耳厚的清漆，以将芯部叠片保持在一起并保护芯部免于受潮。在一实施例中，芯部设计成用在60Hz的操作频率下，但芯部可设计成用在其它操作频率。
在某些实施例中，电路223的基准电压通过电路223与电导体202之间的电耦合与电导体202的电势相关。这样，电导体202与电路223之间大致相等的电势和电场允许监测装置202以降低的噪声和干扰进行无线通信。受益于本公开的本领域普通技术人员会认识到使电路223与电导体202的线电势相关的适当装置而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。例如，可使用一个或多个导电线、销或其它构件。
当现场技术人员将监测装置200安装到电导体202时，监测装置200的电势变化成电导体202的电势。通常，电势的变化是显著的。电势的急剧变化可在监测装置200与电导体202之间引起电弧，该电弧对监测装置202会是有害的。因此，在某些实施例中，半导体或电阻材料垫239（参见图2B）可在电导体202搁置在CT***式顶部芯260的位置固定到CT***式顶部芯260，以降低或减慢在将监测装置200固定到电导体202时监测装置200与电导体202之间的电势差变化。在一实施例中，垫239包括电阻式半导体材料的细长片。例如，垫239可具有约7和40欧姆/厘米之间的电阻。减慢监测装置200与电导体202之间电势差变化率会降低或消除在将监测装置200固定到电导体202时电弧或电晕放电的可能性。如上所述，本发明的某些方面包括基于与导体202的电耦合为封围在壳体220内的电路提供接地参考点。为此，封围在壳体220内的电路的接地参考点可经由半导体材料垫239与导体202耦合。
CT杆250附连到CT底盖232的底部，从而通过CT杆250的致动，CT底盖232可由夹持件238的引导沿臂210定位。因此，CT底盖232和CT***式底部芯262都可相对于监测装置200的其余构件沿至少一个运动轴线或维度调节。即，CT***式底部芯262可基于连接到CT底盖232的CT杆250的运动相对于CT***式顶部芯260移动。因此，CT***式底部芯260和CT***式底部芯262可放置成接近地围绕电导体202，从而来自导体202的磁通可强烈地与CT的磁芯耦合，且因此与电线绕组264耦合。
CT杆250穿过臂210的下部内的通孔218并穿过CT杆弹簧254。根据一实施例，CT杆弹簧254在臂210与CT底盖232之间围绕CT杆250。CT杆弹簧254将CT底盖232和CT***式底部芯262弹性偏置到与CT顶盖230和CT***式顶部芯260关闭的位置。当在关闭位置时，在CT***式底部芯262与CT***式顶部芯260之间可能存在小空气间隙。如图2D最清楚示出的，CT杆250在一端附连或固定到CT底盖232并在另一端包括CT杆眼孔252。使用带电操作杆，现场技术人员可通过将安装在带电操作杆端部上的适当工具勾入CT杆眼孔252而滑动、移动或致动CT杆250。然后，现场技术人员可拉动CT杆250以压缩CT杆弹簧254并打开CT***式顶部芯260和CT***式底部芯262两部分。在该位置，监测装置可定位成使得电导体202进入CT***式顶部芯260和底部芯262两部分内的腔，如图2A-2D所示。受益于本发明的本领域的普通技术人员会认识到，CT杆眼孔252可具有多个不同形状和构造。
根据本发明各实施例，CT杆250的行进距离可根据监测装置200的尺寸、CT杆弹簧254的尺寸和形状以及CT杆弹簧254的弹性系数或刚度而变化。此外，CT杆弹簧254的弹性系数或刚度将确定在关闭位置将CT***式顶部芯260和底部芯262两部分紧紧或坚固地保持在一起的程度。因而，CT杆弹簧254的尺寸和弹性系数或刚度可基于已知条件进行选择和/或基于本领域的结果经验地选择。
线夹240夹持到电导体202并将监测装置200固定到电导体202。如图2A-2D所示，线夹240形成大致“C”形，但本发明包括线夹240的其它形状。线夹240包括形成在一端的弧形导体容座244，以搁置在电导体202上并将监测装置200固定到电导体202。导体容座244的较佳尺寸和形状可根据例如导体202的直径、或基于其它考虑进行选择。线夹240通过将电导体202压在导体容座244与连接在线夹杆256一端的齿248之间而将监测装置200稳固地附连到电导体202，如下文更详细描述的。齿248包括防转/稳定凸部249以防止齿248相对于线夹240和电导体转动，并将齿248保持在适当位置以将电导体202稳固地压入导体容座244。线夹240还包括柱通孔246以接纳从CT顶盖230垂直突出的柱236，如图2C所示。线夹240因此附连或固定到CT顶盖230，同时允许线夹240相对于CT顶盖230和监测装置200枢转。
线夹杆256穿过线夹240内的通孔242（参见图2B）。在线夹杆256的一端，固定有齿248，且线夹杆眼孔258形成在线夹杆256的另一端。在一实施例中，线夹杆256和通孔242是带螺纹的，且可基于使用线夹杆眼孔258和带电操作杆扭动或转动线夹杆256来调节齿248，以将电导体202固定到导体容座244。在另一实施例中，线夹杆弹簧可设置在线夹240的基部与齿248之间。因此，齿248可被线夹杆弹簧弹性偏置以将齿248推向静止关闭位置、将电导体202按压和固定到导体容座244内。此外，在替代实施例中，CT杆250可以是带螺纹的，且CT底盖232和CT***式底部芯262可通过使用CT杆眼孔252和带电操作杆扭动或转动CT杆250而移动到关闭位置。在某些实施例中，可省略CT杆弹簧254。应指出，线夹240固定监测装置，使得监测装置不会由于风、雨、冰雹或其它环境特征而从电导体202脱开固定。
监测装置202可通过如下方式固定到电导体202：调节或移动CT杆250以打开CT，并将监测装置200固定到电导体202上使得监测装置202的重量搁置在电导体202上。然后可在监测装置200的重量搁置在电导体202上之后松开CT杆250。此后，线夹杆256可调节或扭动以使用线夹240将监测装置200固定到电导体202。应指出，监测装置200可使用上述带电操作杆固定到电导体202而无需使电导体202断电。
转向图3，详细描述根据替代实施例的监测装置300。监测装置300的功能类似于监测装置400，但具有用于固定到电导体的替代设计和用于打开和关闭CT的替代设计。监测装置300包括上部CT夹312、CT夹臂314、下部CT夹316、壳体320、线夹340和下文描述的其它构件。
CT夹支架310将上部CT夹312固定到壳体320。CT夹支架310可使用机械固定件或适于该应用的其它装置固定到壳体320。上部CT夹312容纳CT***式顶部芯360，该***式顶部芯360类似于图2A-2D中示出的CT***式顶部芯260。CT夹臂314附连到CT夹支架310，而下部CT夹316附连到CT夹臂314。下部CT夹316容纳CT***式底部芯362，该***式底部芯362类似于图2A-2D中示出的CT***式底部芯262。线圈364围绕CT***式底部芯362缠绕，使得可在线圈364内从电导体302感应出电流，且在线圈内364中感应出的电流可用于为设置在壳体320内的电路供电。
壳体320包括用于封围诸如电路104的各种电路的内腔，并类似于上文参照图2A-2D描述的壳体220。在某些实施例中，壳体320还包括孔，一个或多个天线328可延伸穿过该孔。天线328可与上述通信电路110关联。替代地，壳体320可不包括天线或可包括一个以上的天线。壳体320可另外包括定位或安装在壳体320外部或半外部的指示器（未示出），诸如上文参照图1描述的指示器114。
线夹340将监测装置300固定到电导体302。尽管线夹340的功能类似于线夹240的功能，但线夹340依赖于将监测装置300固定到电导体302的替代装置。在某些方面，线夹340类似于美国专利申请第12/569,343号和第12/569,446号中描述的夹持机构630。
在一实施例中，夹杆350包括围绕夹杆350的螺纹，使得夹杆350可扭动或转动以将下部CT夹316和CT***式底部芯362相对于上部CT夹312和CT***式顶部芯360移动到关闭位置。夹杆350可使用带电操作杆和夹杆眼孔352扭动或转动。或者，夹杆350可不带螺纹，且类似于弹簧254的弹簧可设置在CT夹臂314与下部CT夹316之间。
在某些方面，监测装置300类似于美国专利申请第12/569,343号和第12/569,446号中揭示的监测装置610，除了监测装置300中的CT***式顶部芯360和CT***式底部芯362设置在上部CT夹312和下部CT夹316内并使用带螺纹的CT夹杆350打开和关闭以外。
转向图4，详细描述根据另一替代实施例的监测装置400。应指出，监测装置400类似于美国专利申请第12/569,343号和第12/569,446号中揭示的监测装置610。但还应指出，本文描述的监测装置400还包括辅助线夹442。
根据图4，监测装置400包括***芯式CT460、壳体420、线夹440、辅助线夹442和下文描述的其它构件。与美国专利申请第12/569,343号和第12/569,446号中描述的监测装置600相比，图4所示的监测装置400还包括辅助线夹442以将监测装置400附加地固定到电导体402。在某些方面，***芯式CT460类似于美国专利申请第12/569,343号和第12/569,446号中描述的CT610，且线夹440类似于美国专利申请第12/569,343号和第12/569,446号中描述的夹持机构630。线圈464围绕CT***式芯460的至少一部分缠绕，使得可在线圈464内从电导体402感应出电流，且在线圈464内感应出的电流可用于为设置在壳体420内的电路供电。
壳体420包括内腔以封围诸如电路104的各种电路，并类似于上文参照图2A-2D描述的壳体220。在某些实施例中，壳体420还包括孔，一个或多个天线428可延伸穿过该孔。天线428可与上述通信电路110关联。替代地，壳体420可不包括天线或可包括一个以上的天线。壳体420可另外包括定位或安装在壳体420外部或半外部的指示器（未示出），诸如上文参照图1描述的指示器114。
线夹440将监测装置400固定到电导体402。另外，辅助线夹442还将监测装置400固定到电导体。这样，可将监测装置400可靠地固定到电导体402。根据一实施例，辅助线夹442通过销、螺钉或允许辅助线夹442相对于***芯式CT460和监测装置400的其余构件转动的其它固定件448附连到***芯式CT460。
辅助线夹442包括附连在夹杆450一端的夹齿446、附连在夹杆450一端的夹齿446、以及功能类似于上文参照图2A所述凸部249的防转/稳定凸部445。在一实施例中，夹杆450包括围绕夹杆450的螺纹，从而可使用带电操作杆通过眼孔452而扭动或转动夹杆450，从而将电导体402固定在辅助线夹442的导体容座444与夹齿446之间。或者，夹杆450可不带螺纹，且类似于弹簧254的弹簧可设置在辅助线夹442的底部与夹齿446之间。
转向图5，示出夹子500。夹子500形成为用于诸如包括***芯式CT的监测装置400之类的监测装置。如图所示，夹子500可与***芯式CT560（类似于***芯式CT460）关联使用以将***芯式CT560固定在关闭位置。即，在现场技术人员将包括***芯式CT560的监测装置固定到电导体时，现场技术人员可另外使用夹眼孔502和带电操作杆将夹子500放置在***芯式CT560上，以防止***芯式CT560打开并松开电导体。应指出，如关于美国专利第12/569,343号和第12/569,446号的CT610所描述的，***芯式CT560可通过附连到弹簧柱504的弹簧（未示出）而弹性偏置到关闭位置。因此，夹子500设计成夹在***芯式CT560上以附加于弹性偏置固定***芯式CT506。夹子500可由具有适于该应用的抗拉强度的任何材料构成，诸如合成塑料或半合成塑料实心材料或者本领域已知的适于该应用的其它材料。
虽然上文已详细描述了特定实施例，然而该说明仅仅用于说明目的。因此应理解的是，除非另外说明，否则本发明的许多方面在上文仅仅借助示例来描述且并不用作本发明的必要或基本元素。在不偏离由以下权利要求所限定的本发明范围和精神的条件下，除了上文所描述的以外，受益于本发明的本领域普通技术人员可做出对示例实施例披露方面的各种修改以及与所披露方面相对应的等同步骤，且本发明的范围应符合最宽泛的解释，以包含这些修改和等同结构。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于固定到电导体并从所述电导体集电的设备，包括：
线夹，所述线夹夹持到所述电导体并将所述设备固定到所述电导体；
变流器（“CT”），所述变流器夹持到所述电导体并从所述电导体集电；以及
壳体，所述壳体包括封围与所述设备相关联的电路的腔。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述电路包括一个或多个传感器以及无线通信电路。
3.如权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述CT包括芯部和接收由所述电导体上存在的交变电流产生的磁通所感应出的电流的电绕组。
4.如权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述电路还包括构造成将所感应出的电流转换成能量进行存储以供所述传感器和所述无线通信电路消耗的电路。
5.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述CT包括第一和第二磁芯部分，所述第一和第二磁芯部分可分开地与所述设备成一体。
6.如权利要求5所述的设备，其特征在于，所述CT包括一个或多个弹簧以将所述第一和第二磁芯部分弹性偏置到关闭位置。
7.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述线夹包括调节杆，所述调节杆基于所述调节杆的转动固定所述电导体。
8.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述电路包括与所述电导体电耦合的接地点。
9.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述线夹与所述设备为一体以相对于所述CT枢转。
10.一种用于固定到电导体并从所述电导体集电的设备，包括：
壳体，所述壳体包括内腔；
顶盖，所述顶盖固定并覆盖***芯式变流器（“CT”）的顶部芯，所述CT从所述电导体集电；
底盖，所述底盖固定并覆盖所述***芯式CT的底部芯；
线夹，所述线夹夹持到所述电导体并将所述设备固定到所述电导体；以及臂，所述臂邻接所述壳体、所述顶盖和所述底盖。
11.如权利要求10所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括：
CT杆，所述CT杆在一端固定到所述底盖并穿过CT杆弹簧和所述臂内的通孔，其中
所述CT杆弹簧在所述臂与所述底盖之间围绕所述CT杆，并提供将所述顶盖和底盖以及所述CT的顶部和底部芯保持在关闭位置的弹性偏置。
12.如权利要求10所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括：
线夹杆，所述线夹杆穿过所述线夹内的通孔；以及
齿，所述齿固定在所述线夹杆的一端，以通过所述线夹固定所述电导体。
13.如权利要求11所述的设备，其特征在于，所述CT杆的另一端包括调节眼孔，以抵抗所述弹性偏置而移动所述CT杆，以打开所述顶盖和底盖以及所述CT的顶部芯和底部芯。
14.如权利要求12所述的设备，其特征在于，所述线夹杆的另一端包括调节眼孔，用以扭动所述线夹杆以将所述设备从所述电导体脱开。
15.如权利要求10所述的设备，其特征在于，所述顶盖包括从一侧延伸的柱，所述线夹包括柱通孔，且所述顶盖的柱设置成穿过所述线夹的柱通孔以将所述线夹固定到所述顶盖。
16.如权利要求5所述的设备，其特征在于，所述线夹形成为绕所述顶盖的柱相对于所述顶盖、所述底盖、所述壳体和所述臂枢转。
17.如权利要求10所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括：绕组，所述绕组围绕所述顶部芯和底部芯中一个的一部分缠绕，在所述电导体内的交变电流产生的磁场与所述绕组耦合并在所述绕组内感应出电流。
18.如权利要求7所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括：
电路，所述电路设置在所述壳体的内腔内，并将所述绕组内感应出的电流转换成用于感测和测量所述电导体状态的电能，其中
所述状态包括故障状态。
19.如权利要求8所述的设备，其特征在于，
设置在所述壳体的内腔内的电路包括与所述电导体电耦合的接地点。
20.一种用于固定到电导体并从所述电导体集电的方法，包括：
调节变流器（“CT”）夹杆以打开CT；
将所述CT定位到搁置在所述电导体上的位置；
调节线夹以打开线夹；
将所述线夹和线夹杆定位成使得所述线夹夹持所述电导体，其中
所述线夹和所述CT构成监测装置的各构件，且所述监测装置包括：具有内腔的壳体；覆盖所述CT的顶部芯的顶盖；覆盖所述CT的底部芯的底盖；以及邻接所述壳体、所述顶盖以及所述底盖的臂。
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