CN103248893A - Method for quick inter-frame transcoding from H. 264/AVC standard to HEVC standard and transcoder thereof - Google Patents
Method for quick inter-frame transcoding from H. 264/AVC standard to HEVC standard and transcoder thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quick inter-frame transcoding from H. 264/AVC standard to HEVC standard. The method comprises the following steps: imbedding an H.264/AVC standard code stream into a decoder for decoding, abstracting various information of subblocks during a decoding process, converting extracted information of the subblocks into CU and PU information for HEVC standard in ways of direct correspondence and small blocks forming large blocks, and finally using CU and PU information in HEVC standard coding directly. Since definite CU and PU information is available, quadtree division of CU, performed according to original encoding mode, is not required, ergodic of all possible PU modes under the depth of each CU is not required, and all that is needed is to calculate a PU mode and an intra-frame predicting mode under the depth of a corresponding CU. Therefore, calculating complexity in quadtree division of CU and ergodic under PU mode during transcoding is avoided. According to the transcoding method in the invention, the coding calculation complexity and coding time can be lowered and reduced considerably under the condition of very small loss of bit rate and video quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the transcoding technology problem between the video encoding standard in the field of picture communication, especially related to a kind of interframe code-transferring method between two kinds of high-performance video codings.
Background technology
At present the video encoding standard of main flow is for H.264/AVC, development along with technology such as network and transmission channels, HD video becomes the main business of the present network storage and transmission gradually, H.264/AVC the piecemeal mechanism in the standard can not obtain good coding efficiency, for this reason, the two big ITU-T of International Standards Organization and ISO/IEC have set up video coding integration and cooperation group JCT-VC specially, have developed international video encoding standard of new generation jointly: high-performance video coding (HEVC).This standard began to develop in October, 2010, so far formulated and finished, H.264/AVC compression ratio compares that standard is doubled, and keeps video quality constant substantially simultaneously, if the HEVC standard application in storage and the transmission of actual video in network, will be brought very big performance boost.Yet present existing hundreds of millions of video resource in the network comprises the video of forms such as AVI, MKV, and its data division all is to adopt H.264/AVC standard.On the other hand, the present video capture device of main flow comprises video camera, camera, smart mobile phone, the network monitoring first-class equipment of making a video recording, and also mainly is to adopt H.264/AVC standard.For the HEVC standard application in the present network storage and transmission, can continue in the shared network hundreds of millions of video resource of storage and transmission, also do not allow simultaneously large quantities of video capture devices of H.264/AVC standard of present main flow eliminate, research becomes inevitable from standard H.264/AVC to HEVC standard video format transcoding technology.
Inter prediction refers to utilize the temporal correlation of sequence image image to be carried out the method for compressed encoding.Because the similar part of two adjacent two field pictures is a lot, therefore, inter prediction can obtain higher compression ratio, is the representative art of present video coding.At the research of in the past various video encoding standard transcoding problems comparative maturity, Moving Picture Experts Group-2 and the block mode between the standard have H.264/AVC been defined as Zhang Ning of Tsing-Hua University etc., the computational methods of the mutual information amount of motion vector and absolute difference sum (SAD), by the characteristic information of current video being added up mutual information between the two, with the pattern in the Moving Picture Experts Group-2, motion vector and SAD input grader, can adjudicate the best inter-frame forecast mode in the current H.264/AVC standard code, this method has been saved the calculation of coding complexity significantly.The W.C.Siu of Hong Kong University of Science and Thchnology etc. have proposed a kind of B frame from Moving Picture Experts Group-2 and have been transcoded onto the H.264/AVC method of the P frame of standard by the correlation of residual block in B frame and the P frame on the analysis DCT territory of deriving, and this method has reduced the computation complexity of transcoding.When the J.Xin of Mitsubishi electronics research laboratory etc. are transcoded onto the P frame of standard H.264/AVC at the B frame from Moving Picture Experts Group-2, utilized the flexible method of distance on the motion vector time domain, this method has further reduced computation complexity.The local edge of utilizations such as the Wang of the Shanghai Communications University piece that the DCT domain coefficient obtains from Moving Picture Experts Group-2 is adjudicated the shape of inter prediction piece, 8 * 8 are adjudicated, when horizontal characteristic is better than when vertical, then be divided into 4 * 8, otherwise be judged to 8 * 4, this method has reduced the computation complexity of inter-frame mode judgement in the transcoding.
Above method has all been finished from Moving Picture Experts Group-2 more effectively to the H.264/AVC inter prediction work of standard transcoding, but, H.264/AVC standard adopts 16 * 16,16 * 8,8 * 16,8 * 8,8 * 4,4 * 8 and 4 * 4 equidimension pieces carry out inter prediction, the HEVC standard then adopts 8 * 8,16 * 16, the coding unit of 32 * 32 and 64 * 64 sizes (CU) carries out piecemeal earlier, then adopt maximum 8 kinds of different predicting unit (PU) pattern to carry out inter prediction to each CU, 8 kinds of different PU patterns are respectively PART_2N * 2N, PART_N * 2N, PART_2N * N, PART_N * N, PART_nL * 2N, PART_nR * 2N, PAR_2N * nD, and PART_2N * nU.Therefore, with from Moving Picture Experts Group-2 to H.264/AVC the standard transcoding is different, the inter prediction from standard H.264/AVC to HEVC standard transcoding is to change into bulk from fritter, the former changes fritter from bulk.Change bulk from fritter and will involve fritter from standard H.264/AVC and form this new problem of bulk in the HEVC standard, on the other hand, the HEVC standard has adopted and has been different from the H.264/AVC CU of standard and the coding mode of PU fully.Therefore, the code-transferring method from Moving Picture Experts Group-2 to standard H.264/AVC and not being suitable for from standard H.264/AVC to the transcoding of HEVC standard.And if the directly H.264/AVC decoder of standard and the encoder cascade of HEVC standard owing to will carry out the full coding of HEVC standard, comprises interframe, intraframe predictive coding, conversion, quantification, entropy coding etc., computation complexity is inevitable very high.To sum up, compare from Moving Picture Experts Group-2 to the inter prediction technology of standard transcoding H.264/AVC, the inter prediction technology from standard H.264/AVC to HEVC standard transcoding is a brand-new research work.
Summary of the invention
Along with the formulation of high-performance video coding standard (HEVC standard) is finished, at the importance to the video format transcoding of HEVC standard of standard H.264/AVC, purpose of the present invention be intended to propose a kind of from standard H.264/AVC to code-transferring method the fast frame of HEVC standard, to reduce the computation complexity of inter-frame mode judgement in the transcoding, reduce the scramble time of HEVC standard significantly.
To the interframe transcoding of HEVC standard, comprise mainly that inter-frame information extracts and uses, and in inter-frame information extracts, relates generally to block size and the skimble-scamble processing of standard of two standard rooms again from standard H.264/AVC.For the block size in the video inter-prediction, below under two kinds of situations block size bigger, the one, in the zone all to as if static relatively, the 2nd, though there is motion, all objects have identical or very approaching motion vector in the zone.According to this rule, structural relation in conjunction with motion piecemeal in H.264/AVC standard and the HEVC standard, the inventor thinks, the size from standard H.264/AVC to the inter prediction of HEVC standard transcoding will be determined by size and the motion vector MV thereof of the various piecemeals the standard H.264/AVC.
The inventor is based on above in-depth analysis and understanding, starts with from the difference of standard and HEVC standard room H.264/AVC, proposed a kind of from standard H.264/AVC to code-transferring method the fast frame of HEVC standard.Basic thought of the present invention is to utilize the difference of two standards on the partitioned organization of inter prediction encoding, designed a kind of " fritter group bulk " scheme, utilize H.264/AVC piece size, the motion vector information such as (MV) of standard decoding end inter prediction, determine CU size and PU predictive mode in the HEVC standard code end, in the process of transcoding, reach the purpose that reduces inter-frame mode judgement computation complexity.
What the present invention proposed mainly comprises to code-transferring method the fast frame of HEVC standard from standard H.264/AVC:
1) will be H.264/AVC the code stream of standard be presented in the decoder of standard H.264/AVC and decode, obtain the numbering of each piecemeal place frame each two field picture, predictive mode, motion piecemeal rule, MV and the reference frame of piecemeal of coordinate position, piecemeal in the frame of place from decoding end;
2) H.264/AVC the branch block mode in each two field picture of standard is directly corresponding with CU, PU unit in the HEVC standard
(1) when the piecemeal in the standard H.264/AVC was 16 * 16,16 * 8 and 8 * 16, the CU size in the corresponding HEVC standard was that 16 * 16, PU pattern is respectively 2N * 2N, 2N * N and N * 2N;
(2) when the piecemeal in the standard H.264/AVC was 8 * 8,8 * 4,4 * 8 and 4 * 4, the CU size in the corresponding HEVC standard was that 8 * 8, PU pattern is respectively 2N * 2N, 2N * N, N * 2N and N * N;
3) the medium and small piecemeal of transcoding process is formed big one-level piecemeal
Judge at first whether four adjacent in HEVC standard piecemeals are same frames of reference, and whether all be 16 * 16 piecemeal, if satisfy this two conditions, whether the MV that then judges these four piecemeals is close, if the MV of four piecemeals is close, then by the piecemeal of following same principle combinations Cheng Gengda one-level; Described four close situations of piecemeal MV are:
The difference of the MV of two piecemeals of two piecemeals of each row and each row all less than the MV difference θ that sets, judges that then the CU size is that 32 * 32, PU pattern is 2N * 2N in (1) 4 piecemeal;
The MV difference of two piecemeals in (2) first row, second row is not entirely less than the MV difference θ that sets, and the MV difference of two piecemeals in first row, the secondary series judges then that less than the fixed MV difference θ of design the CU size is that 32 * 32, PU pattern is N * 2N;
The MV difference of two piecemeals in (3) first row, second row is less than the MV difference θ that sets, and the MV difference of two piecemeals in first row, the secondary series entirely less than the MV difference θ that sets, does not judge that then the CU size is that 32 * 32, PU pattern is 2N * N;
The piecemeal that does not satisfy above-mentioned judgment rule then keeps above-mentioned steps 2) in corresponding result;
4) the substandard video coding of HEVC
The sub-CU size of the maximum coding unit that above step 3) is obtained and the corresponding PU pattern information of sub-CU are used for a maximum coding unit of coding HEVC standard, and above information is used for simplifying quad-tree partition process and the PU model selection process of this maximum coding unit.
In above-mentioned steps 4) in, because size and the corresponding PU pattern of sub-CU of the sub-CU of the maximum coding unit that step 3) in front obtains are all definite, therefore, when the current LCU of coding HEVC standard, can simplify the quad-tree partition of current LCU and the traversal of PU pattern by these information of corresponding maximum coding unit neutron CU.Here be noted that, the relevant information of inter prediction obtains because maximum coding unit is based on, the relevant information that does not comprise infra-frame prediction, therefore in order to prevent error diffusion, the PU pattern of the infra-frame prediction in the regulation HEVC standard of the present invention can't be simplified, but the PU pattern that must travel through as CU coding in the HEVC standard.
In technique scheme of the present invention, be 2～4 for the degree of depth of cutting apart of the coding unit CU in the HEVC standard, be preferably 4, further preferentially take to comprise 0,1,2 and 3 four kind cut apart the degree of depth; Preferentially adopt symmetrical predictive mode for the predicting unit PU in the HEVC standard.
In technique scheme of the present invention, the infra-frame prediction PU pattern in the HEVC standard still is all to travel through.
The inventor uses method of the present invention, utilize actual HEVC standard video sequence that different motion vector difference is tested, find to get (4 as motion vector MV difference θ, 4) when (coordinate unit is 1/4 pixel), the CU size of HEVC normal video and PU pattern are the highest with the similarity of the HEVC standard of coding usually behind the transcoding that obtains.Therefore in technique scheme of the present invention, the MV of described setting difference θ is preferably (4,4).
In such scheme of the present invention, the present invention has defined following test index:
Δ PSNR=PSNR
Change-PSNR
HEVC
Wherein, Bitrate
ChangeAnd Bitrate
HEVCRepresent code-transferring method of the present invention respectively and (standard code is H.264/AVC carried out full decoder from standard H.264/AVC to the direct cascade video transcoding method of HEVC standard, encode entirely with the HEVC standard again) under bit rate, Δ Bitrate represents that transcoding algorithm of the present invention compares the percentage that from standard H.264/AVC to the HEVC standard direct cascade video transcoding method reduces bit rate; PSNR
ChangeAnd PSNR
HEVCRepresent respectively under the dual mode Y-PSNR (PSNR), these performance index have represented the objective quality of video, and Δ PSNR represents that transcoding algorithm of the present invention compares the video quality that direct cascade video transcoding method improves from standard H.264/AVC to the HEVC standard; Time
ChangeAnd Time
HEVCRepresent transcoding algorithm of the present invention respectively and from standard H.264/AVC to the overall scramble time of the direct cascade video transcoding method of HEVC standard, Δ Time represents transcoding algorithm of the present invention is compared increases the scramble time to the direct cascade video transcoding method of HEVC standard from standard H.264/AVC percentage.The algorithm that proposes according to the present invention can keep saving the scramble time greatly under the constant substantially situation of bit rate and PSNR.
The present invention has researched and analysed the H.264/AVC difference of inter prediction encoding module between the standard and HEVC standard, and according to these differences, designs a kind of new interframe transcoding algorithm.At first will insert in the decoder of standard H.264/AVC with the code stream that standard coders H.264/AVC encodes and decode, in decode procedure, extract the various information of piecemeal: comprise information such as the size of predictive mode, coordinate position, inter prediction piece of each piecemeal and MV, the information that these are extracted is converted into CU, the PU information that the HEVC standard code can be used by directly corresponding with modes such as " fritter group bulks " then, directly this CU, PU information is used for the HEVC standard code at last.Because definite CU, PU information are arranged, therefore in the cataloged procedure of HEVC standard, need not carry out the quad-tree partition of CU according to its original coded system, need under each CU degree of depth, not travel through all possible PU pattern yet, and only need calculate PU pattern and intra prediction mode under the corresponding CU degree of depth, thereby saved the computation complexity of CU quad-tree partition and PU pattern traversal in the transcoding.Experimental result shows, code-transferring method of the present invention under the less situation of bit rate and video quality loss, has reduced the calculation of coding complexity greatly.Table one, table two, table three among the concrete effect embodiment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is interframe trans-coding system block diagram in transcoding process of the present invention;
Fig. 2 forms various symmetrical PU patterns in the HEVC standard in transcoding process of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is HEVC standard code LCU algorithm flow chart, and wherein 3-a is the flow process of the coding LCU of the direct cascade video transcoding method of HEVC standard; 3-b is the encode flow process of LCU of the present invention of HEVC standard.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment; it is important to point out; following embodiment is only for the present invention is described further; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention; affiliated art skilled staff is according to the foregoing invention content; the present invention is made some nonessential improvement and adjustment is specifically implemented, should still belong to protection scope of the present invention.
To the interframe transcoding of HEVC standard, adopt method of the present invention and the method that adopts direct cascade to carry out transcoding relatively from standard H.264/AVC, comparison procedure is as follows:
1. open the program of two algorithms simultaneously and set identical configuration file, reference software is selected HM9.0, and quantization step (QP) value gets 22,27,32,37 respectively.Method of the present invention and the method to the direct cascade video code conversion of HEVC standard of standard are H.264/AVC compared, and to its three kinds of video coding performances: bit rate, Y-PSNR (PSNR) and video scramble time, (wherein PSNR embodied the objective video quality of video, the video scramble time is embodied the calculation of coding complexity), compare analysis, relatively the gap of performance is estimated with following three indexs:
Δ PSNR=PSNR
Change-PSNR
HEVC
Bitrate wherein
Change, PSNR
ChangeAnd Time
ChangeBe respectively bit rate, PSNR and the video scramble time of algorithm of the present invention, Bitrate
The HEVC standard, PSNR
The HEVC standardAnd Time
The HEVC standardThe standard H.264/AVC of being respectively is to bit rate, PSNR and the video scramble time of the direct cascade video transcoding method of HEVC standard, and Δ Bitrate, Δ PSNR and Δ Time are respectively algorithm of the present invention and H.264/AVC arrive the poor of bit rate, PSNR and video scramble time between the direct cascade video transcoding method of HEVC standard.
2. in HEVC normal video coding techniques, the PU predictive mode can be taked symmetry and asymmetrical integrated forecasting pattern, also can only take symmetrical predictive mode, and the present invention takes symmetrical predictive mode.
3. Bian Ma object is the HEVC standard testing video of standard, their title, resolution and frame per second are respectively: Basketball-Drill (832 * 480,60 frame/seconds), PartyScene (832 * 480,60 frame/seconds), Fourpeople (1280 * 720,60 frame/seconds), Johnny (1280 * 720,60 frame/seconds), BQTerrance (1920 * 1080,50 frame/second) and Kimono1 (1920 * 1080,24 frame/second).
4. import 2 identical video sequences;
5. respectively 2 identical video sequences are carried out quick interframe encode and direct cascade transcoding;
6. utilizing H.264/AVC, the video sequence of standard video encoder JM18.2 forms H.264/AVC standard code stream H.264/AVC carrying out the video coding under the standard mode;
7. to standard code stream decoding H.264/AVC, obtain reconstruction video, again to this reconstruction video with HEVC standard mode coding, obtain the information such as bit rate, PSNR, scramble time of direct cascade code-transferring method;
8. to standard code stream decoding H.264/AVC, obtain reconstruction video, in decode procedure, obtain simultaneously the piecemeal coordinate position, divide information such as block message, MV, finish the related algorithm of " fritter group bulk " according to these information, the most H.264/AVC the branch block message that obtains of the decoding end of standard be converted into have CU, the LCU information that is applicable to the HEVC standard code of PU form, then reconstruction video is carried out the HEVC standard code, and LCU information is used for coding, directly calculate the corresponding PU pattern under the corresponding CU.And need under each CU degree of depth, not travel through all PU patterns one by one;
9. in the algorithm of the present invention, CU is cut apart the degree of depth can get 2～4, but cuts apart more big that the degree of depth gets, and then the PU predictive mode of skipping in this method will be more, reduces more video coding computation complexity the most at last.Therefore, CU of the present invention is cut apart the degree of depth and is got 4.
10. video sequence and bit rate separately, PSNR value and total video scramble time after two programs difference output videos are encoded, the result of above-mentioned 3 indexs is shown in table 1-3, statistics shows the inventive method than on average rising 3.82% to the direct cascade code-transferring method of HEVC standard aspect the bit rate from standard H.264/AVC, aspect video quality PSNR value, reduce 0.02-0.13dB, average out to 0.07dB is on average reducing by 88.02% aspect the video coding computation complexity.As a whole, the inventive method is compared to the direct cascade code-transferring method of HEVC standard with standard H.264/AVC, under the very little prerequisite of video compression ratio (being embodied by bit rate decline degree) and video quality loss, reduced video calculation of coding complexity (seeing Table 1～3) greatly.
Table 1 the inventive method and the H.264/AVC comparison of standard bit rate between the direct cascade code-transferring method of HEVC standard
Table 2 the inventive method and the H.264/AVC comparison of standard PSNR value between the direct cascade code-transferring method of HEVC standard
Table 3 the inventive method and H.264/AVC standard the video scramble time is relatively between the direct cascade code-transferring method of HEVC standard
Claims (10)
1. one kind is characterized in that mainly comprising to code-transferring method the fast frame of HEVC standard from standard H.264/AVC:
1) will be H.264/AVC the code stream of standard be presented in the decoder of standard H.264/AVC and decode, obtain the numbering of each piecemeal place frame each two field picture, predictive mode, motion piecemeal rule, MV and the reference frame of piecemeal of coordinate position, piecemeal in the frame of place from decoding terminal;
2) H.264/AVC the branch block mode in each two field picture of standard is directly corresponding with CU, PU unit in the HEVC standard
(1) when the piecemeal in the standard H.264/AVC was 16 * 16,16 * 8 and 8 * 16, the CU size in the corresponding HEVC standard was that 16 * 16, PU pattern is respectively 2N * 2N, 2N * N and N * 2N;
(2) when the piecemeal in the standard H.264/AVC was 8 * 8,8 * 4,4 * 8 and 4 * 4, the CU size in the corresponding HEVC standard was that 8 * 8, PU pattern is respectively 2N * 2N, 2N * N, N * 2N and N * N;
3) the medium and small piecemeal of transcoding process is formed big one-level piecemeal
Judge at first whether four adjacent in HEVC standard piecemeals are same frames of reference, and whether all be 16 * 16 piecemeal, if satisfy this two conditions, whether the MV that then judges these four piecemeals is close, if the MV of four piecemeals is close, then by the piecemeal of following same principle combinations Cheng Gengda one-level; Described four close situations of piecemeal MV are:
The difference of the MV of two piecemeals of two piecemeals of each row and each row all less than the MV difference θ that sets, judges that then the CU size is that 32 * 32, PU pattern is 2N * 2N in (1) 4 piecemeal;
The MV difference of two piecemeals in (2) first row, second row is not entirely less than the MV difference θ that sets, and the MV difference of two piecemeals in first row, the secondary series judges then that less than the fixed MV difference θ of design the CU size is that 32 * 32, PU pattern is N * 2N;
The MV difference of two piecemeals in (3) first row, second row is less than the MV difference θ that sets, and the MV difference of two piecemeals in first row, the secondary series entirely less than the MV difference θ that sets, does not judge that then the CU size is that 32 * 32, PU pattern is 2N * N;
The piecemeal that does not satisfy above-mentioned judgment rule then keeps above-mentioned steps 2) in corresponding result;
4) the substandard video coding of HEVC
The sub-CU size of the maximum coding unit that above step 3) is obtained and the corresponding PU pattern information of sub-CU are used for a maximum coding unit of coding HEVC standard, and above information is used for simplifying quad-tree partition process and the PU model selection process of this maximum coding unit.
2. as claimed in claim 1ly it is characterized in that to code-transferring method the fast frame of HEVC standard the degree of depth of cutting apart of the coding unit CU in the HEVC standard is 2～4 from standard H.264/AVC.
3. as claimed in claim 2ly it is characterized in that to code-transferring method the fast frame of HEVC standard the degree of depth that is divided into of the coding unit CU in the HEVC standard is 4 from standard H.264/AVC.
As claimed in claim 3 from standard H.264/AVC to code-transferring method the fast frame of HEVC standard, it is characterized in that the degree of depth of cutting apart of the coding unit CU in the HEVC standard comprises 0,1,2 and 3 four kind.
5. describedly it is characterized in that to code-transferring method the fast frame of HEVC standard the predicting unit PU in the HEVC standard adopts symmetrical predictive mode from standard H.264/AVC as claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4.
6. describedly it is characterized in that to code-transferring method the fast frame of HEVC standard the infra-frame prediction PU pattern in the HEVC standard all travels through from standard H.264/AVC as claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4.
7. as claimed in claim 5ly it is characterized in that to code-transferring method the fast frame of HEVC standard the infra-frame prediction PU pattern in the HEVC standard all travels through from standard H.264/AVC.
As claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described from standard H.264/AVC to code-transferring method the fast frame of HEVC standard, it is characterized in that the MV difference θ of described setting is (4,4), the unit of coordinate is 1/4 pixel.
As claimed in claim 7 from standard H.264/AVC to code-transferring method the fast frame of HEVC standard, it is characterized in that the MV difference θ of described setting is (4,4), the unit of coordinate is 1/4 pixel.
One kind be used for enforcement of rights require one of 1 to 9 described from standard H.264/AVC to the video code translator of code-transferring method the fast frame of HEVC standard.
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