CN103246960A - Urban public traffic performance evaluation method based on output orientation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an urban public traffic performance evaluation method based on output orientation. The method is characterized in that on the premise of the output orientation, an urban public traffic performance evaluation model is established, a data enveloping analysis (DEA) method is used for evaluating the performance of the urban public traffic, and the output is increased to reach the effective performance of the public traffic enterprise under the situation that the resource investment is not increased. The feasibility of the performance evaluation model is verified in the experiment, and a result shows that the DEA model can obtain a scientific performance evaluation result and provide a performance improvement direction. By saving the resource and improving the satisfactory of passengers, not only can the performance of the public traffic enterprise be improved and the public traffic share rate be improved, but also a positive significance on the energy conservation, emission reduction and environment-friendly traffic can be realized.

Description

A kind of urban public transport performance appraisal method based on the output guiding

Technical field

The invention belongs to the information management technique field, relate to a kind of urban public transport performance appraisal method based on the output guiding, described method is applied to DEA DEA model in the city bus performance appraisal, embodies the principle of output guiding.

Background technology

Traffic is the lifeblood of urban society's economic activity, and it has played conclusive effect to the economic growth and social progress in city.The overall national strength and the economic strength that are accompanied by China constantly increase, and urbanization, motorization, modernization process are constantly accelerated, and the crowded epoch have slowly been stepped in some big cities of China.Increasing sharply of private car and regional commerce and trade, the rapid expansion of population and the urbanization pressure that increases severely with day, the deficiency of road infrastructure and traveler are not paid the use cost of road etc. fully.The variety of problems of bringing in these process of modernization has all caused the overcrowding of urban transportation directly or indirectly.What city overcrowding brought then is long traffic paralysis, barbaric exhaust emissions, and the accident of high frequency takes place.Need the problem of solution badly in the face of these, set up a Traffic Development pattern of taking as the leading factor with public transport and just seem particularly necessary.Rationalization also utilizes the popular vehicles public in the city, the urban transportation system is moved without any confusion, with production and the living needs that satisfies city dweller's necessity.In a word, in each metropolitan development strategy of the whole world, developing public transport becomes people's tacit agreement common recognition.

Urban public transport is a kind of accurate public product, the characteristic of have construction, managing and serving, and its development level directly has influence on performance and the sustainable development of city allomeric function.On the one hand, public transport is a kind of important public utilities, local supervision department estimates the performance of public transport industry, can lay the foundation for setting up the excitation oversight mechanism, this helps to alleviate the influence of problem of information asymmetry and introduce competition fully in the public transport industry, thereby excitation enterprises of public transport improve management and administration, and cut operating costs, and improve service quality.On the other hand, subsidy causes enterprises of public transport's work efficiency low to the blindness of public transport for fear of government, and it is also necessary to set up an effective and feasible performance appraisal appraisement system.Set up effective Performance Evaluation System and can guarantee that enterprises of public transport normally run, guarantee that public transport is that citizens' activities are offered high-quality service.In addition, the finiteness of resource and society are growing to the public transport demand for services, the performance that has determined public bus network is for the operation of whole public transit system and develop significant, the result of performance evaluation can also be as an important reference of government finance subsidy, the theory that reasonable distribution resource between each bar circuit, particularly enforcement meet the Scientific Outlook on Development and sustainable development strategy all is of great practical significance.

Summary of the invention

Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, at the performance appraisal problem of public transport company, has proposed a kind of urban public transport performance appraisal method based on the output guiding.Described method is applied to DEA DEA model in the city bus performance appraisal, embodies the principle of output guiding.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of urban public transport performance appraisal method based on the output guiding, and its process is as follows:

Setting DMU is enterprises of public transport, DMU _jRepresent public transport enterprise of j family, j=1,2 ..., n, n are natural number; x _IjRepresent that public transport enterprise of j family consumes the i kind and drops into, i=1,2 ..., m, m are natural number; y _RjThe r kind output of representing public transport enterprise of j family, r=1,2 ..., t, t are natural number; Based on DEA DEA method, the efficient E of j enterprises of public transport _jAnd the model of inputoutput is will make it reach effective the time:

The BCC model:

s.t.

$\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\mathrm{\λ}}_j{x}_{\mathrm{ij}}+s_j^{-}=x_{\mathrm{io}}$

$\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\mathrm{\λ}}_j=1;$

λ _j≥0

$s_i^{-},s_r^{+}\≥0$

$x_{\mathrm{io}}=\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{x}_{\mathrm{ij}}$

$y_{\mathrm{ro}}=\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{y}_{\mathrm{rj}}$

Wherein,

Represent the optimum output level of public transport enterprise of j family, ε〉the non-Archimedes's dimensionless of 0 expression, s _i ^-Expression consumes the i kind and drops into slack variable, s _r ⁺Represent r kind output surplus variable, λ _jRepresent the DMU of public transport enterprise of j family _jNon-negative weight;

The input projection value of enterprises of public transport then

With the output projection value

For:

Wherein,

Be respectively the optimum solution of BCC model.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention proposes a kind of urban public transport performance appraisal method based on the output guiding, described method makes up urban public transport performance appraisal model under the prerequisite of output guiding, utilize the method for DEA DEA that urban public transport is carried out performance appraisal, consideration is under the situation that does not increase the resource input, and it is effective with the performance that reaches enterprises of public transport how to increase output.Experimental verification the feasibility of performance appraisal model, the result show DEA DEA model can obtain science the performance appraisal result and provide performance improved direction.The performance of self not only can improve by economizing on resources, improve passenger's satisfaction in each enterprises of public transport, improves the public transport share rate, and energy-saving and emission-reduction, green traffic are had positive meaning.

Figure of description

Fig. 1 is the improvement value comparison diagram under the passenger of Nanjing enterprises of public transport satisfaction and the BCC model.

Fig. 2 is the improvement value comparison diagram under thousand kilometers incomes of Nanjing enterprises of public transport and the BCC model.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with chart a kind of urban public transport performance appraisal method based on the output guiding that the present invention proposes is elaborated:

The index that influences enterprises of public transport's performance is a lot, and any one variable relevant with enterprises of public transport operations process can be thought a potential performance appraisal variable, but because too much variable can make the discriminating power of DEA model reduce.Consider with passenger's satisfaction to serve as that guiding can make enterprises of public transport pay attention to the passenger to the perception evaluation of public transport service on the one hand, improve service awareness and service quality, make the public be ready to select public transport as the basis of trip, reduce the trip of private car, to reach the purpose of alleviating traffic pressure, energy-saving and emission-reduction.At least need the scale merit of selecting one can reflect enterprises of public transport in addition.Consider the factor of saving cost on the other hand, our choice criteria operation car number () and thousand kilometers costs (unit/thousand kilometers) as dropping into index, passenger's satisfaction and thousand kilometers incomes (first/thousand kilometers) are as the output index.

Data with the Nanjing enterprises of public transport operation of the first half of the year in 2011 are carried out performance appraisal to Nanjing enterprises of public transport.Nanjing has seven tame public transport enterprises, is respectively Public Transportation Corporation, middle northern bus firms, new city bus, Pukou passenger traffic, six directions passenger traffic, refined high bus, Pu, Xinning company.Concrete data see Table 1.

The performance appraisal indicator-specific statistics of table 1 Nanjing enterprises of public transport

Can find from Fig. 1, Fig. 2 respectively, be significantly improved through the passenger's satisfaction after the model refinement and thousand kilometers four tame enterprises such as income Public Transportation Corporation, refined high bus, new city bus and Pu, Xinning company, wherein the improvement effect of refined high bus is the most obvious.

The model of output guidance type mainly is by comparing the output potential of each enterprise under the existing resources condition, explaining and provide corresponding recommendation on improvement from the angle in market.If the efficiency value of BCC input orientation type gained is 1, the output guidance type also should be 1 so, otherwise the former is less than 1, the latter is greater than 1, the former value more little (or latter's value is more big) expression efficient is more low, practical significance reduces output exactly or increases input could make meaningfully, and this is apparent by top model.

Utilize the BCC model to calculate the efficiency value of Nanjing 7 tame public transport enterprise, the result is as shown in table 2:

Nanjing enterprises of public transport efficiency value under the table 2BCC model

As can be seen from the above table, in the efficiency value of the tame public transport of northern bus, Pukou passenger traffic and six directions passenger traffic three enterprise all reached 1, this illustrates that their efficient has reached optimum relatively, and the efficiency value of remaining four tame enterprise is less than 1, the efficiency value minimum of Public Transportation Corporation, have only 0.59, this illustrates other 4 tame enterprises under the prerequisite of keeping standard operation car number and thousand kilometers costs, and passenger's satisfaction and thousand kilometers incomes still have the space of lifting.

What output guidance type DEA model mainly changed is the output variate-value, namely under the Limited resources situation, how enterprises of public transport and government department make a policy, and make output (being passenger's satisfaction and thousand kilometers incomes) adjust here, and then reach the performance maximization of each enterprises of public transport.The improvement value of passenger's satisfaction has exceeded 100 fens, given here a kind of recommendation on improvement and direction that provides, and it is low excessively that the improvement value of passenger's satisfaction has exceeded the performance that proved absolutely Public Transportation Corporation and middle northern bus in 100 minutes.If want to improve performance, must pay attention to improving passenger's satisfaction and thousand kilometers incomes.Because the public welfare of public transport industry, public transport fares have planned, want to improve thousand kilometers incomes, just must increase the wish that resident trip is selected bus, improve passengers quantity.And if passenger's satisfaction is improved, will inevitably lower the use of car, improve the wish of bus trip.Because this cause-effect relationship, Public Transportation Corporation and middle northern bus can take measures to improve passenger's satisfaction, and then improve thousand kilometers incomes.Consider that simultaneously their passenger's satisfaction and thousand kilometers incomes compare other five tame public transport enterprise, their passenger's satisfaction is leading relatively in industry, therefore in conjunction with the suggestion of inputoutput type DEA model, also can improve the efficient of enterprises of public transport from the angle that reduces cost.

To sum up, the DEA model can obtain the performance appraisal result of science and provide performance improved direction.The performance of self not only can improve by economizing on resources, improve passenger's satisfaction in each enterprises of public transport, improves the public transport share rate, and energy-saving and emission-reduction, green traffic are had positive meaning.

Claims (1)

1. urban public transport performance appraisal method based on output guiding is characterized in that its process is as follows:

Setting DMU is enterprises of public transport, DMU _jRepresent public transport enterprise of j family, j=1,2 ..., n, n are natural number; x _IjRepresent that public transport enterprise of j family consumes the i kind and drops into, i=1,2 ..., m, m are natural number; y _RjThe r kind output of representing public transport enterprise of j family, r=1,2 ..., t, t are natural number; Based on DEA DEA method, the efficient E of j enterprises of public transport _jAnd the model of inputoutput is will make it reach effective the time:

The BCC model:

s.t.

$\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\mathrm{\λ}}_j{x}_{\mathrm{ij}}+s_j^{-}=x_{\mathrm{io}}$

$\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\mathrm{\λ}}_j=1;$

λ _j≥0

$s_i^{-},s_r^{+}\≥0$

$x_{\mathrm{io}}=\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{x}_{\mathrm{ij}}$

$y_{\mathrm{ro}}=\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{y}_{\mathrm{rj}}$

Wherein, Represent the optimum output level of public transport enterprise of j family, ε〉the non-Archimedes's dimensionless of 0 expression, s _i ^-Expression consumes the i kind and drops into slack variable, s _r ⁺Represent r kind output surplus variable, λ _jRepresent the DMU of public transport enterprise of j family _jNon-negative weight;

The input projection value of enterprises of public transport then

With the output projection value

For:

Wherein,

Be respectively the optimum solution of BCC model.

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