CN103244097B - In dark coal seam control multiple cracking fracturing process - Google Patents
In dark coal seam control multiple cracking fracturing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN103244097B CN103244097B CN201310181509.6A CN201310181509A CN103244097B CN 103244097 B CN103244097 B CN 103244097B CN 201310181509 A CN201310181509 A CN 201310181509A CN 103244097 B CN103244097 B CN 103244097B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of process of oil extraction in oil field, particularly a kind of for coal seam control multiple cracking fracturing process dark in the underground work of coal seam, it comprises 1) prepare filtrate reducing fracturing fluid; 2) high-pressure pump group is used, 3) use high-pressure pump group, 4) use high-pressure pump group, 5) pad stage utilization; 6) end-of-job six steps.By theory analysis and on-site verification, change conventional active water sand fracturing method, filtrate reducing fracturing fluid, prepad fluid is adopted to become Displacement Technology, multistage particle diameter slug technology, rationally sand than lift technique etc., overcoming regular activated hydraulic pressure, to split filter loss large, prop-carrying capacity is poor, and intrinsic fracture is opened exists the excessive leak-off of fracturing fluid, the high difficulty of operation pressure.Effectively prevent by filtrate reducing fracturing fluid, prepad fluid change Displacement Technology and multistage these means of particle diameter slug technology and administer multiple cracking, thus reducing operation pressure, guaranteeing that proppant adds smoothly, improve pressing crack construction success rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of process of oil extraction in oil field, particularly a kind of for coal seam control multiple cracking fracturing process dark in the underground work of coal seam.
Background technology
In dark coal seam usually adopt the mode of regular activated water sand fracturing, add sand small scale, sand is than low, and because active water filter loss is large, prop-carrying capacity is poor, intrinsic fracture open exist the excessive leak-off of fracturing fluid, operation pressure high, add the difficult points such as sand is difficult.Adopt active water to be constructed into power lower, do not reach the effect of increasing production of expection.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide one can effectively prevent and administer multiple cracking, reduce operation pressure, improve dark coal seam in pressing crack construction success rate and control multiple cracking fracturing process.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, in dark coal seam control multiple cracking fracturing process, at least comprise:
1) filtrate reducing fracturing fluid is prepared;
2) use high-pressure pump group, the filtrate reducing fracturing fluid with viscosity at a high speed injected stratum, in dark coal seam setting layer make seam;
3) high-pressure pump group is used, being injected at a high speed by the filtrate reducing fracturing fluid with viscosity makes in seam, extend internally in established crack, after preventing termination of pumping, crack again closes under the gravity of rock stratum, top, proppant to be added at the filtrate reducing fracturing fluid injected, make proppant pack in the crack pressed off, to support seam face;
4) high-pressure pump group is used, the filtrate reducing fracturing fluid with viscosity is injected at a high speed extension to be made in seam, extend internally in established crack, in filtrate reducing fracturing fluid, add unequigranular quartz sand simultaneously, the man-made fracture being filled in different in width is respectively inner, after making seam formation, extend and make early stage of seam and mid-term adds 40-100 order flour sand, early stage starts to walk than section 2-3% with low sand, polishing, wash away multiple cracking, flour sand enters micro-cracks and passage, reduce fracturing fluid to the leak-off in these cracks, after making seam formation, the later stage that seam is made in extension adds 20-40 object medium sand with the low sand ratio of 5-8%, cram and to be communicated with major fracture, the narrower crack in narrower crack or corner, make major fracture passage more smooth, flow resistance reduces,
5) cram narrower crack, after major fracture passage is formed, stop unequigranular quartz sand to add, stop filtrate reducing pressure break to add subsequently; Close high-pressure pump group;
6) work knot speed.
Described step 4) in, make seam formed after, extend make seam be in earlier stage by circulation add, stops quartz sand process implementation extension make seam.
Described circulation adds, stop quartz sand process, and the particle diameter that quartz sand wherein adds changes between 40-100 order.
Described circulation adds, stop, in quartz sand process, using high-pressure pump group, the filtrate reducing fracturing fluid with viscosity is injected at a high speed to extend the pressure made in seam be constant.
Described step 4) in, making after seam formed, extending the later stage of making seam is realize extension make seam by progressively increasing quartz sand addition.
Described progressively increase quartz sand addition process, uses high-pressure pump group, and it is constant that the filtrate reducing fracturing fluid with viscosity is injected at a high speed the extension pressure made in seam.
Described step 2) use high-pressure pump group, the filtrate reducing fracturing fluid with viscosity is at a high speed injected stratum, in dark coal seam setting layer make seam, the pressure of high-pressure pump group is that step improves.
Described making after seam formed, the pressure of high-pressure pump group is the retention value of the pressure after step improves.
The pressure of described high-pressure pump group is that step improves, and is by 3m
3/ min starts starting, is controlled by net pressure in lower level, and this aboveground lower interlayer is better simultaneously, improves discharge capacity to 8m by 3 grades of ladders
3/ min, high discharge capacity is until take the sand stage.
Circulation adds, stop quartz sand process to add 70-100 order quartz sand or add 40-70 order quartz sand, circulation adds, stop quartz sand process (to be percent by volume with low sand than section 2-3%, refer to the ratio adding sand amount and load fluid amount) start to walk, polish, wash away multiple cracking, flour sand enters micro-cracks and passage, reduces fracturing fluid to the leak-off in these cracks.Can greatly improve liquid utilization rate, crack deep penetration can be realized, improve and be constructed into power, extend improvement.
Progressively increase quartz sand addition process to add 20-40 order medium sand with 5-8% low sand ratio and effectively can reduce nearly well multiple cracking, prevent that sand plug or polishing are communicated with major fracture, narrower corner, make fissure channel more smooth, flow resistance reduction.
Filtrate reducing fracturing fluid, selects Low Damage clean fracturing liquid, that is: thickening agent: 1%LHT-1, containing function surface activating agent and clay stabilizer and demulsifier in LHT-1, without the need to crosslinking agent, LHT-1 meets water can make water body multiviscosisty, mix crosslinked with water, its volume ratio is LHT-1:H
2o=1.0-2.0:100, makes viscosity control at below 10cp.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: by theory analysis and on-site verification, change conventional active water sand fracturing method, filtrate reducing fracturing fluid, prepad fluid is adopted to become Displacement Technology, multistage particle diameter slug technology, rationally sand than lift technique etc., overcoming regular activated hydraulic pressure, to split filter loss large, prop-carrying capacity is poor, and intrinsic fracture is opened exists the excessive leak-off of fracturing fluid, the high difficulty of operation pressure.Effectively prevent by filtrate reducing fracturing fluid, prepad fluid change Displacement Technology and multistage these means of particle diameter slug technology and administer multiple cracking, thus reducing operation pressure, guaranteeing that proppant adds smoothly, improve pressing crack construction success rate.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described:
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is embodiment of the present invention well hydraulic fracture operating curve schematic diagram.
In figure, the 1, first curve is pressure curve (a); 2, the second curve is discharge curve (b); 3, the 3rd curve is that sand is than curve (c).
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 1, in dark coal seam control multiple cracking fracturing process, at least comprise:
1) filtrate reducing fracturing fluid is prepared;
2) use high-pressure pump group, the filtrate reducing fracturing fluid with viscosity at a high speed injected stratum, in dark coal seam setting layer make seam; Use high-pressure pump group, the filtrate reducing fracturing fluid with viscosity at a high speed injected stratum, in dark coal seam setting layer make seam, the pressure of high-pressure pump group is that step improves.
3) high-pressure pump group is used, being injected at a high speed by the filtrate reducing fracturing fluid with viscosity makes in seam, extend internally in established crack, after preventing termination of pumping, crack again closes under the gravity of rock stratum, top, proppant to be added at the filtrate reducing fracturing fluid injected, make proppant pack in the crack pressed off, to support seam face;
4) high-pressure pump group is used, the filtrate reducing fracturing fluid with viscosity is injected at a high speed extension to be made in seam, extend internally in established crack, in filtrate reducing fracturing fluid, add unequigranular quartz sand simultaneously, the man-made fracture being filled in different in width is respectively inner, after making seam formation, extend and make early stage of seam and mid-term adds 40-100 order flour sand, early stage starts to walk than section 2-3% with low sand, polishing, wash away multiple cracking, flour sand enters micro-cracks and passage, reduce fracturing fluid to the leak-off in these cracks, after making seam formation, the later stage that seam is made in extension adds 20-40 object medium sand with the low sand ratio of 5-8%, cram and to be communicated with major fracture, the narrower crack in narrower crack or corner, make major fracture passage more smooth, flow resistance reduces, make seam formed after, extend make seam be in earlier stage by circulation add, stops quartz sand process implementation extension make seam.Circulation adds, stop quartz sand process, and the particle diameter that quartz sand wherein adds changes between 40-100 order.Circulation adds, stop, in quartz sand process, using high-pressure pump group, the filtrate reducing fracturing fluid with viscosity is injected at a high speed to extend the pressure made in seam be constant.Making after seam formed, extending the later stage of making seam is realize extension make seam by progressively increasing quartz sand addition.Progressively increase quartz sand addition process, use high-pressure pump group, it is constant that the filtrate reducing fracturing fluid with viscosity is injected at a high speed the extension pressure made in seam.
5) cram narrower crack, after major fracture passage is formed, stop unequigranular quartz sand to add, stop filtrate reducing pressure break to add subsequently; Close high-pressure pump group;
6) end-of-job.
The pressure of high-pressure pump group is that step improves, and is by 3m
3/ min starts starting, is controlled by net pressure in lower level, and this aboveground lower interlayer is better simultaneously, improves discharge capacity to 8m by 3 grades of ladders
3/ min, high discharge capacity is until take the sand stage.Circulation adds, stop quartz sand process to add 70-100 order quartz sand or add 40-70 order quartz sand, circulation adds, stop quartz sand process (to be percent by volume with low sand than section 2-3%, refer to the ratio adding sand amount and load fluid amount) start to walk, polish, wash away multiple cracking, flour sand enters micro-cracks and passage, reduces fracturing fluid to the leak-off in these cracks.Can greatly improve liquid utilization rate, crack deep penetration can be realized, improve and be constructed into power, extend improvement.
Progressively increase quartz sand addition process to add 20-40 order medium sand with 5-8% low sand ratio and effectively can reduce nearly well multiple cracking, prevent that sand plug or polishing are communicated with major fracture, narrower corner, make fissure channel more smooth, flow resistance reduction.
Filtrate reducing fracturing fluid, selects Low Damage clean fracturing liquid, that is: thickening agent: 1%LHT-1, containing function surface activating agent and clay stabilizer and demulsifier in LHT-1, without the need to crosslinking agent, LHT-1 meets water can make water body multiviscosisty, mix crosslinked with water, its volume ratio is LHT-1:H
2o=1.0-2.0:100, makes viscosity control at below 10cp.
The present invention can reduce turning to of nearly well multiple cracking and crack by increasing fluid viscosity, increases crack width, improves the flow conductivity in crack; Determine that construction initial displacement adopts lower discharge capacity, make incipient crack be unlikely to too high, the highest operational discharge capacity is determined, final fracture height is controlled within the specific limits, reduces construction cost; Prepad fluid early stage and add 70-100 order or 40-70 order flour sand mid-term, early stage starts to walk than section 2-3% with low sand, polish, wash away multiple cracking, flour sand enters micro-cracks and passage, reduce fracturing fluid to the leak-off in these cracks, can greatly improve liquid utilization rate, crack deep penetration can be realized, improve and be constructed into power, extend improvement; Prepad fluid later stage 5-8% low sand ratio adds 20-40 order medium sand and effectively can reduce nearly well multiple cracking, prevents sand plug.Also can polish be communicated with major fracture, narrower corner, make fissure channel more smooth, flow resistance reduces; Thus reduction operation pressure, guarantee that proppant adds smoothly, improve pressing crack construction success rate.
Claims (5)
1. in, dark coal seam controls multiple cracking fracturing process, it is characterized in that: at least comprise:
1) filtrate reducing fracturing fluid is prepared;
2) use high-pressure pump group, the filtrate reducing fracturing fluid with viscosity at a high speed injected stratum, in dark coal seam target zone make seam; In dark coal seam target zone to make seam be by 3m
3/ min starts starting, improves discharge capacity to 8m by 3 grades of ladders
3/ min;
3) use high-pressure pump group, the filtrate reducing fracturing fluid with viscosity is continued at a high speed injection and makes in seam, continuation is expanded and increases by new seam of making, and adds proppant, make proppant pack in the crack pressed off, to support seam face at the filtrate reducing fracturing fluid injected;
4) high-pressure pump group is used, the filtrate reducing fracturing fluid with viscosity is continued at a high speed to inject extension to be made in seam, new makes seam by continuation expansion and growth, in filtrate reducing fracturing fluid, add unequigranular quartz sand simultaneously, the crack being filled in different in width is respectively inner, extend and make early stage of seam and mid-term adds 40-100 order flour sand, early stage starts to walk than section 2-3% with low sand, polishing, wash away multiple cracking, flour sand enters micro-cracks and passage, reduce fracturing fluid to the leak-off in these cracks, the later stage that seam is made in extension adds 20-40 object medium sand with the low sand ratio of 5-8%, to polish the narrower crack in the narrower crack that is communicated with major fracture or corner, make major fracture passage more smooth, flow resistance reduces, after making seam formation, extension makes the pad stage of seam in earlier stage by adding quartz sand, stopping adding the cracky control of quartz sand cycling process implementation, described circulation adds, stop quartz sand process, and the particle diameter that quartz sand wherein adds chooses at 20-100 order,
5) pad stage utilizes the microcrack that unequigranular quartz sand combines and low sand is narrower than cramming in earlier stage, suppress cracky generation, infusion each stage in main pressure break stage is containing the liquid of proppant subsequently, by in 20-40 object quartz sand input crack, after major fracture passage is formed, stop filtrate reducing fracturing fluid to add, infusion active water, for the quartz sand in clean pit shaft, closes high-pressure pump group;
6) end-of-job;
Described step 1) in, filtrate reducing fracturing fluid, selects thickening agent: 1%LHT-1, and mix crosslinked with water, its volume ratio is LHT-1:H
2o=1.0-2.0:100, makes viscosity control at below 10cp.
2. according to claim 1, dark coal seam controls multiple cracking fracturing process, it is characterized in that: described step 4) in, making after seam formed, extending the later stage of making seam is realize extension make seam by progressively increasing quartz sand addition.
3. according to claim 2, dark coal seam controls multiple cracking fracturing process, it is characterized in that: progressively increasing quartz sand addition discharge capacity is that step improves, and then discharge capacity keeps according to the highest displacement value.
4. according to claim 1, dark coal seam controls multiple cracking fracturing process, it is characterized in that: circulation adds quartz sand, stops adding in quartz sand operating process, quartz sand addition is chosen between 40-100 order, adds the percent by volume of sand amount and load fluid amount at 2-3% in process.
5. according to claim 2, dark coal seam controls multiple cracking fracturing process, it is characterized in that: progressively increase quartz sand addition process and add 20-40 order quartz sand with the low sand ratio of 5-8%.
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| CN113283197B (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-04-05 | 西南石油大学 | Sand feeding parameter design method based on complex fracture width distribution |
| CN113882845A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-01-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Large-scale effective support fracturing method for coal bed gas |
| CN117514084B (en) * | 2023-12-15 | 2024-05-14 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Coal body filtration-reduction consolidation-directional energy storage fracturing permeability-increasing method |
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