CN103241126A - Electric car brake energy recovery system - Google Patents
Electric car brake energy recovery system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103241126A CN103241126A CN201310176341XA CN201310176341A CN103241126A CN 103241126 A CN103241126 A CN 103241126A CN 201310176341X A CN201310176341X A CN 201310176341XA CN 201310176341 A CN201310176341 A CN 201310176341A CN 103241126 A CN103241126 A CN 103241126A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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Abstract
The invention provides an electric car brake energy recovery system which comprises a power conversion energy storage device (10), a brake recovery controller, a battery (VS) and a motor driver. The power conversion energy storage device (10) is composed of a main relay (K), a control relay (K1), a DC (direct current)/DC converter and a super capacitor (SC), wherein the DC/DC converter is connected with the super capacitor (SC) through the output end of the control relay (K1), the input ends of the main relay (K) and the control relay (K1) are connected with the brake recovery controller respectively, and the main relay (K) is used for controlling the battery or the super capacitor (SC) to be connected with a motor driver circuit (20). The electric car brake energy recovery system can effectively improve the energy utilization rate of cars, and the problem of low endurance mileage of the electric cars due to insufficient battery power is partially solved, so that the purpose of energy saving and environmental friendliness is achieved and the using easiness for electric car users is improved as well.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the electric vehicle engineering field, more specifically relate to a kind of braking energy of electric automobiles regenerative apparatus, the energy that dissipates in the time of can actv. recovery section friction braking.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of global automobile industry and the rapid growth of automobile pollution, energy shock and environmental pollution problems are serious day by day.Follow " country's " 12 " scientific and technological development planning " formal issue, the new-energy automobile industrial technology becomes the field that the coming five years Department of Science and Technology gives special assistance to, so pure electric automobile will more and more receive publicity.
Along with the raising of the attention degree of government and social environmental pollution and energy problem, energy-conserving and environment-protective have become one of main objective of auto trade development.The development of electric vehicle engineering has entered an important stage, and wherein the regenerative brake technology has a lot of problem assistant officers to be solved as one of gordian technique of energy-conservation and environmental protection.Automobile a large amount of kinetic energy in braking procedure is converted into thermal dissipation by friction and falls, and causes brake system of car to wear and tear prematurely, increases the automobile use cost.Utilizing regenerative brake to carry out the energy recovery is a big power savings advantages of electronlmobil.Regeneration brake system, with the energy that the script friction braking dissipates, partially recycled recycling can effectively improve the capacity usage ratio of vehicle, plays the effect of energy savings.Further developing of automobile drive electric motor technology and energy storage technology adopted motor to reclaim with utilizing braking energy and more and more shown its advantage, particularly in pure electronic or hybrid vehicle, mainly adopts the regenerative brake mode of electric energy storage.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of Recovering Waste Energy of Braking in Automobiles system, the part kinetic energy when making things convenient for the braking of recycling electronlmobil improves mileage when continuous.
The present invention uses the power conversion closed-center system that is constituted by buck-boost type DC-DC changer and super capacitor, this power conversion closed-center system can be under the control of controller instruction, the recycling of stored energy in the recovery of braking energy and the driving process in the realization electronlmobil braking procedure.Its concrete principle of work is used for DC/DC changer and the super capacitor by design voluntarily, in forward boosts process, because relay K 1 switches in 1 end, make the DC/DC changer become the changer of a boost type, in Motor Vehicle Braking Procedure, pass through the control of braking recovery controller, make the q1 conducting, q2 copped wave is to super capacitor forward boost charge; In reverse step-down process, K1 switches to 2 ends, the DC/DC changer becomes a buck code converter at this moment, in the automobile normal running process, in order to make the output voltage of super capacitor end and the rated voltage of motor be complementary, make the q2 conducting by the braking recovery controller, q1 copped wave is according to the reverse step-down of corresponding proportion; This system is under the prerequisite of impact effect not, simplified the Bi-buck-boost type DC/DC part hardware circuit of using in traditional brake energy recovering system greatly, cooperate corresponding control policy, both made organic efficiency can reach more than 30%, improve the utilization ratio of energy again greatly.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of braking energy recovery system for electric vehicle, comprise: power conversion closed-center system, braking recovery controller, storage battery and motor driver, wherein said motor driver is made up of field effect transistor, and three windings of described motor driver mouth and motor link to each other; Described braking recovery controller is according to output signal, super capacitor voltage signal, bus current signal, tach signal, acceleration pedal signal and the brake pedal signal of described motor driver, controlling described power conversion closed-center system absorbs or releases energy, described power conversion closed-center system is made up of main relay, control relay, DC/DC changer and super capacitor, and described DC/DC changer is connected with described super capacitor by the control relay mouth; The input end of described main relay, control relay is connected with described braking recovery controller respectively; Described main relay is used for control storage battery or super capacitor is inserted motor driver circuit;
Described DC/DC changer is made up of first field effect transistor, second field effect transistor and energy storage inductor, one end of described energy storage inductor connects the mouth of control relay, the other end of described energy storage inductor is connected with the source electrode of first field effect transistor, the drain electrode of second field effect transistor respectively, the drain electrode of described first field effect transistor is connected with the control relay mouth, and the source electrode of described second field effect transistor connects an end of described super capacitor; The other end of described super capacitor is connected with the output contact of described control relay; The grid of described first field effect transistor and second field effect transistor is connected with described braking recovery controller respectively;
The mouth of described control relay comprises first, second two groups of contacts, is provided with first input contact and first output contact in first group of contact, is provided with second input contact and second output contact in second group of contact.
In Motor Vehicle Braking Procedure, the end that described braking recovery controller is controlled described energy storage inductor is connected with the control relay first input contact, the drain electrode of described first field effect transistor is connected with control relay first output contact, control the described first field effect transistor conducting, the second field effect transistor copped wave is boosted, make the DC/DC changer become the changer of a boost type, to super capacitor forward boost charge;
When being in states such as startup, acceleration when electronlmobil, the drain electrode that described braking recovery controller is controlled described first field effect transistor is connected with the control relay second input contact, an end of described energy storage inductor is connected with control relay second output contact, control the described second field effect transistor conducting, the first field effect transistor copped wave is boosted, make described DC/DC changer become a buck code converter, the reverse step-down discharge of super capacitor.
As a further improvement on the present invention, when super capacitor is operated in the boost charge state, described braking recovery controller monitoring super capacitor voltage and motor speed, before electric power generation voltage and super capacitor voltage maintain an equal level, electric power generation voltage is boosted, and according to the PWM ripple dutycycle of speed adjusting as the second field effect transistor gate-control signal, control the described second field effect transistor copped wave and boost, continue super capacitor is charged.
As a further improvement on the present invention, when super capacitor is operated in the step-down discharge regime, described braking recovery controller monitoring motor speed and super capacitor voltage, the super capacitor output drive motor that boosts, when motor speed reaches predetermined value, make relay K switch to the storage battery loop again, powered to motor by storage battery.
The present invention is the folding by the control main relay mainly, and the switch of two field effect transistor among the DC-DC, and super capacitor is discharged and recharged, and reaches the purpose of raising the efficiency.Storage battery is as main power, super capacitor reclaims memory storage as energy, terminal voltage when the DC-DC changer discharges and recharges in order to regulate the coupling super capacitor, relay K 1 control DC/DC constitutes the ascending, descending hydraulic circuit respectively, and main relay K is that control inserts storage battery or super capacitor in the power circuit.The effect of braking recovery controller is to receive super capacitor voltage signal, bus current signal, tach signal, acceleration pedal signal and brake pedal signal and make corresponding processing and control.
Native system can be realized down surface function: when electronlmobil is in the brake deceleration state, system can make super capacitor be in charge condition, and make automobile be issued to different effects at different driving cycles with response control policy control, as recuperated energy maximization, deceleration and stopping performance optimum; When being in states such as startup, acceleration when electronlmobil, super capacitor is operated in the discharge regime that boosts, and super capacitor boosts and exports drive motor in advance, when motor speed reaches predetermined value, is powered to motor by storage battery.So namely avoid operating modes such as electric motor starting, climbing owing to the injury of heavy-current discharge to storage battery, prolonged the continuation of the journey mileage of electronlmobil again.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the main circuit topological structure figure with the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 2 describes with the braking recovery controller input/output signal of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram that switches to first group of contact with the control relay K1 of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram that switches to second group of contact with the control relay K1 of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 5 is the system diagram with the embodiment of the invention 1.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of braking energy recovery system for electric vehicle, comprise: power conversion closed-center system 10, braking recovery controller, storage battery VS and motor driver, wherein motor driver 20 is made up of field effect transistor Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6, and described motor driver mouth and motor three winding A, B, C link to each other; The braking recovery controller is according to output signal, super capacitor voltage signal, bus current signal, tach signal, acceleration pedal signal and the brake pedal signal of described motor driver, and control power conversion closed-center system 10 absorbs or releases energy.Power conversion closed-center system 10 is made up of main relay K, control relay K1, DC/DC changer and super capacitor SC, and the DC/DC changer is connected with described super capacitor SC by control relay K1 mouth.The input end of main relay K, control relay K1 is connected with the braking recovery controller respectively; Main relay K is used for control storage battery or super capacitor SC is inserted motor driver circuit 20.The DC/DC changer is made up of the first field effect transistor q1, the second field effect transistor q2 and energy storage inductor L, the end of energy storage inductor L connects the mouth of control relay K1, the other end of described energy storage inductor L respectively with source electrode, the second field effect transistor q2 of the first field effect transistor q1) drain electrode be connected, the drain electrode of the first field effect transistor q1 is connected with control relay K1 mouth, and the source electrode of the second field effect transistor q2 connects the end of super capacitor SC.First and second output contacts 12,22 of the other end of super capacitor SC and control relay K1 connect.The grid of the first field effect transistor q1 and the second field effect transistor q2 is connected with described braking recovery controller respectively;
The mouth of control relay K1 comprises first, second two groups of contacts, is provided with in first group of contact and is provided with second input contact 21 and second output contact 22 in the first input contact 11 and 12, the second groups of contacts of first output contact.
In Motor Vehicle Braking Procedure, the end of braking recovery controller 20 control energy storage inductor L is connected with the control relay first input contact 11, the drain electrode of the first field effect transistor q1 is connected with control relay first output contact 12, control the first field effect transistor q1 conducting, the second field effect transistor q2 copped wave is boosted, make the DC/DC changer become the changer of a boost type, to super capacitor SC forward boost charge.
As shown in Figure 3, when electronlmobil is in the brake deceleration state, an end and the control relay first of braking recovery controller control energy storage inductor L, input contact 11 connects, the drain electrode of the first field effect transistor q1 is connected with control relay first output contact 12, controls the complete conducting of the first field effect transistor q1, and the second field effect transistor q2 copped wave is boosted, make the DC/DC changer become the changer of a boost type, to super capacitor SC forward boost charge.This moment, super capacitor was operated in charge condition.Electric power generation voltage reduced and weakened gradually with speed this moment, and super capacitor voltage raises gradually, because electric power generation voltage is with the same direct ratio of rotating speed, therefore, monitor super capacitor voltage and motor speed simultaneously, before electric power generation voltage and super capacitor voltage maintain an equal level, namely feed back super capacitor voltage and motor speed, by control algorithm q2 copped wave is boosted, electric power generation voltage is boosted, continuation is charged to super capacitor, and regulates the PWM ripple dutycycle of boosting according to speed, with the recovery braking energy of maximal efficiency.
As shown in Figure 4, when electronlmobil is in startup, during states such as acceleration, the drain electrode that the braking recovery controller is controlled the described first field effect transistor q1 is connected with the control relay second input contact 21, the end of energy storage inductor L is connected with control relay second output contact (22), control the complete conducting of the described second field effect transistor q2, the first field effect transistor q1 copped wave is boosted, make described DC/DC changer become a buck code converter, the reverse step-down discharge of super capacitor SC. this moment, super capacitor was operated in the step-down discharge regime, monitor motor speed and super capacitor voltage simultaneously, super capacitor boosts and exports drive motor in advance, when motor speed reaches predetermined value, make relay K switch to the storage battery loop again, powered to motor by storage battery.So namely avoid operating modes such as electric motor starting, climbing owing to the injury of heavy-current discharge to storage battery, prolonged the continual mileage of electronlmobil again.
Braking energy recovery system for electric vehicle braking recovery controller input/output signal is as shown in Figure 2 described figure, the braking recovery controller adopts the Atmega16 micro controller system, signal, pedal that the braking recovery controller is gathered motor accelerate and speed-slackening signal, and signal such as current/voltage changes into analog signal is come coordinated control system according to internal processes state.With three-phase hall signal two two-phases of gathering and, and then addition, symmetry and square-wave signal that then can to obtain three identical cycles during motor at the uniform velocity turns over 360 ゜ electric angles are 120 ゜ electric angles namely equate with the high-low level duration (T) of square-wave signal.During rotation speed change and the also corresponding change of the cycle of square wave, utilize it to measure rotating speed of motor, survey precision and resolution height when adopting single hall signal.The motor revolution is crossed 360 ゜ mechanical angles can produce 3*p and square wave, and p is the motor pole logarithm.Other gathers the storage battery two ends bus current signal of drive motor, and the super capacitor terminal voltage, and other gathers, and motor accelerates, speed-slackening signal.PWM is by simple integrating circuit, can obtain the analog voltage signal linear with signal dutyfactor, simulate handle signal and speed-slackening signal with PWM, at this moment, send instruction to the braking energy recovery controller by upper computer, export the PWM of given frequency f and dutycycle D by braking recovery controller, simulate handle or speed-slackening signal, this moment, analog signal voltage was D*5V.Therefore, need braking recovery controller output two-way PWM to simulate handle signal and speed-slackening signal respectively, and control fet switch by PWM as gate-control signal, control DC/DC changer buck, and relay reclaims the switching in control loop and storage battery loop in braking.
Braking energy recovery system for electric vehicle scheme drawing as shown in Figure 5, solid line is power line among the figure, dotted line is signal wire (SW), and motor driver drives the control motor, receives hall signal, acceleration pedal and brake pedal electric signal, and pass to the braking recovery controller in real time, the braking recovery controller is judged automobile running working condition, and is judged by these signals, the folding of control main relay K and control relay K1, thereby recovery and the release of realization energy.
The above only is preferred implementation of the present invention; be noted that for those skilled in the art; under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, can also make the some improvements and modifications that can expect, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. braking energy recovery system for electric vehicle, comprise: power conversion closed-center system (10), braking recovery controller, storage battery (VS) and motor driver, wherein said motor driver (20) is made up of field effect transistor (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6), and three windings of described motor driver mouth and motor (A, B, C) link to each other; Described braking recovery controller is according to output signal, super capacitor voltage signal, bus current signal, tach signal, acceleration pedal signal and the brake pedal signal of described motor driver, control described power conversion closed-center system and absorb or release energy, it is characterized in that:
Described power conversion closed-center system (10) is made up of main relay (K), control relay (K1), DC/DC changer and super capacitor (SC), and described DC/DC changer is connected with described super capacitor (SC) by control relay (K1) mouth; The input end of described main relay (K), control relay (K1) is connected with described braking recovery controller respectively; Described main relay (K) is used for control storage battery or super capacitor (SC) is inserted motor driver circuit (20);
Described DC/DC changer is made up of first field effect transistor (q1), second field effect transistor (q2) and energy storage inductor (L), one end of described energy storage inductor (L) connects the mouth of control relay (K1), the other end of described energy storage inductor (L) is connected with the source electrode of first field effect transistor (q1), the drain electrode of second field effect transistor (q2) respectively, the drain electrode of described first field effect transistor (q1) is connected with control relay (K1) mouth, and the source electrode of described second field effect transistor (q2) connects an end of described super capacitor (SC); The output contact (12,22) of the other end of described super capacitor (SC) and described control relay (K1) connects; The grid of described first field effect transistor (q1) and second field effect transistor (q2) is connected with described braking recovery controller respectively;
The mouth of described control relay (K1) comprises first, second two groups of contacts, be provided with first input contact (11) and first output contact (12) in first group of contact, be provided with second input contact (21) and second output contact (22) in second group of contact.
2. braking energy recovery system for electric vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
When automobile brake, when slowing down, the end that described braking recovery controller is controlled described energy storage inductor (L) is connected with the control relay first input contact (11), the drain electrode of described first field effect transistor (q1) is connected with control relay first output contact (12), control described first field effect transistor (q1) conducting, second field effect transistor (q2) copped wave is boosted, make the DC/DC changer become the changer of a boost type, to super capacitor (SC) forward boost charge;
When being in states such as startup, acceleration when electronlmobil, the drain electrode that described braking recovery controller is controlled described first field effect transistor (q1) is connected with the control relay second input contact (21), an end of described energy storage inductor (L) is connected with control relay second output contact (22), control described second field effect transistor (q2) conducting, first field effect transistor (q1) copped wave is boosted, make described DC/DC changer become a buck code converter, oppositely step-down discharge of super capacitor (SC).
3. braking energy recovery system for electric vehicle according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, when super capacitor is operated in the boost charge state, described braking recovery controller monitoring super capacitor voltage and motor speed, before electric power generation voltage and super capacitor voltage maintain an equal level, electric power generation voltage is boosted, and according to the PWM ripple dutycycle of speed adjusting as second field effect transistor (q2) gate-control signal, control described second field effect transistor (q2) copped wave and boost, continue super capacitor is charged;
When super capacitor is operated in the step-down discharge regime, described braking recovery controller monitoring motor speed and super capacitor voltage, the super capacitor output drive motor that boosts is when motor speed reaches predetermined value, make relay K switch to the storage battery loop again, powered to motor by storage battery.
4. braking energy recovery system for electric vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described braking recovery controller adopts the Atmega16 micro controller system.
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| CN201310176341XA CN103241126A (en) | 2013-05-13 | 2013-05-13 | Electric car brake energy recovery system |
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| CN104494462A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-04-08 | 山东理工大学 | Control method of electric car driving motor |
| CN104648165A (en) * | 2015-03-14 | 2015-05-27 | 浙江大学 | Automobile brake energy recovery device and segmented control method thereof |
| CN105253026A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-01-20 | 吉林大学 | Blade electric vehicle motor controller with compound regenerative braking function |
| CN105799521A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-07-27 | 成都市宏山科技有限公司 | Energy recovery and auxiliary braking system of electric motorcycle |
| CN107031412A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2017-08-11 | 深圳市虹鹏能源科技有限责任公司 | A kind of rail transit locomotive skidding energy recycle device and method |
| CN110239354A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-09-17 | 江苏大学 | A kind of Passive serial composite power source brake energy recovering system |
| CN113022481A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-06-25 | 江苏大学 | PMSC (permanent magnet synchronous capacitor) combined type semi-active energy feedback system and working method thereof |
| CN113844331A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-12-28 | 河南工业贸易职业学院 | New energy automobile energy recovery control device |
| CN114204802A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-03-18 | 深圳技术大学 | Charging circuit |
| CN115253153A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-11-01 | 北京航空航天大学 | But energy recovery constant speed muscle strength trainer based on electromagnetic induction |
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| CN104648165A (en) * | 2015-03-14 | 2015-05-27 | 浙江大学 | Automobile brake energy recovery device and segmented control method thereof |
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| CN105799521A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-07-27 | 成都市宏山科技有限公司 | Energy recovery and auxiliary braking system of electric motorcycle |
| CN107031412A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2017-08-11 | 深圳市虹鹏能源科技有限责任公司 | A kind of rail transit locomotive skidding energy recycle device and method |
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| CN113022481A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-06-25 | 江苏大学 | PMSC (permanent magnet synchronous capacitor) combined type semi-active energy feedback system and working method thereof |
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| CN113844331A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-12-28 | 河南工业贸易职业学院 | New energy automobile energy recovery control device |
| CN114204802A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-03-18 | 深圳技术大学 | Charging circuit |
| CN114204802B (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-05-16 | 深圳技术大学 | Charging circuit |
| CN115253153A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-11-01 | 北京航空航天大学 | But energy recovery constant speed muscle strength trainer based on electromagnetic induction |
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Application publication date: 20130814 |