CN103234827B - Device for testing tension of test piece - Google Patents

Device for testing tension of test piece Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103234827B
CN103234827B CN201310151180.9A CN201310151180A CN103234827B CN 103234827 B CN103234827 B CN 103234827B CN 201310151180 A CN201310151180 A CN 201310151180A CN 103234827 B CN103234827 B CN 103234827B
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China
Prior art keywords
test specimen
square tube
square
pipe
deck
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201310151180.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN103234827A (en
Inventor
刘雪松
潘海博
闫忠杰
尚哲
王为
董志波
方洪渊
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a device for testing tension of a test piece, and relates to a device used for the tension of the test piece. In order to solve the problems that the existing tension testing machine is complicated in structure, large in occupied area, high in cost, inconvenient to used in a manner of being matched with an optical measurement system, and poor in adaptability. The device for testing the tension of the test piece comprises a base, two sets of chuck components, two pretensioners and two top plates, wherein each set of chuck component comprises a chuck seat, a cover plate and a plurality of cushion plates; a groove is formed in the chuck seat; a threaded hole communicated with the groove is formed in the side wall of the chuck seat; the axial direction of the threaded hole is identical to the length direction of a test piece to be tensioned; the cover plate covers the upper surfaces of the cushion plates and is detachably connected with the chuck seat; the two top plates are arranged on the base in a face-to-face manner; the two sets of chuck seats are arranged on the base between the two top plates; the opening ends of the grooves in the side walls of the two sets of chuck seats are arranged in the face-to-face manner; and one end of each pretensioner is in threaded connection with the corresponding threaded hole. The device for testing the tension of the test piece is used in the fields of materials science, mechanics or optics.

Description

A kind of device for test specimen extension test
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device stretched for test specimen, be specifically related to a kind of to standard tensile test specimen apply tensile load or for jointly using with laser interference device and optical camera time, can be used for carrying out the tensile loading device of measuring and analysis to the stress-strain state of test specimen regional area in tensile loads process.
Background technology
Tension test is a kind of the most frequently used, most important test method in material science.Namely materials processing to be studied is become standard tensile specimen, tension test is carried out to this sample, thus obtain elastic modulus E, the yield strength σ of material band tensile strength sigma sdeng the important mechanics parameter of material.Tension test needs to carry out on large-scale cupping machine usually.But if the Stress distribution in certain particular location of test specimen or region in loading procedure and evolving state or stress collected state will be obtained, especially, when test specimen sectional dimension is inconsistent, when namely test specimen having weld seam, circular hole or pre-existing crack, only cannot reach measurement object with large-scale cupping machine, need to measure in conjunction with optical instrument, namely need stretching device and laser optical system and optical camera to support the use to measure.But the cupping machine of routine is bulky, system complex, cost are high, need to use at fixed-site; If supported the use with optical measuring system, also need erecting frame and the locus regulating device of specialized designs processing optical components and parts, further increase the complexity of system.Therefore, need badly exploitation a set of exquisiteness for test specimen extension test device, so that to standard tensile test specimen apply tensile load or for optical measuring system with the use of, thus counter stress Strain Distribution and evolving state and stress concentrate situation to carry out high-precision measuring and analysis.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for solving existing cupping machine complex structure, take up room comparatively large, cost is higher, and is not easy to optical measuring system with the use of, the problem of bad adaptability, and then provides a kind of device for test specimen extension test.
The present invention is the technical scheme taked that solves the problem: a kind of device for test specimen extension test of the present invention comprises base, two cover dop assemblies, two preload pieces and two top boards;
The described dop assembly that often overlaps comprises deck, cover plate and multiple backing plate, deck is provided with groove, the size shape of groove is identical with the size shape of the end of test specimen to be tensioned, the sidewall of deck is provided with the threaded hole be connected with groove, the axis of threaded hole is consistent with the length direction of test specimen to be tensioned, the size shape of backing plate is identical with the size shape of groove, backing plate is placed in groove for supporting test specimen to be tensioned and lid pressure test specimen to be tensioned, cover plate to cover on the upper surface of backing plate and removably connects with deck, two top boards are just to being arranged on base, base between two top boards is provided with two cover decks, and two openings overlapped on the sidewall of the groove on decks are rectified setting, for placing test specimen to be tensioned between two cover decks, one end of each preload piece passes corresponding top board and the two is rotationally connected, one end of each preload piece is threaded with corresponding threaded hole.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: stretching device structure of the present invention is simple, reasonable in design, two grooves are all identical with the size shape of test specimen to be tensioned with the size shape of cover plate, two test specimens to be tensioned are placed in the groove of two decks, put by backing plate pad and support and lid pressure, by the compression of cover plate by test specimen to be tensioned, two securing members are connected with two threaded holes overlapping dop, rotate one of them securing member, drive deck outwards movement, just can realize the tensile loads to test specimen, the present invention have take up room little, of the present invention taking up room is about 480mm × 580mm × 100mm, and taking up room of existing large-scale cupping machine is about 1000mm × 1000mm × 2000mm, of the present invention taking up room is compared existing cupping machine and is decreased 97% ~ 99%, lightweight, weight of the present invention about 20 kilograms ~ 40 kilograms, and the weight more than at least 2 tons of existing large-scale cupping machine, weight of the present invention is compared existing cupping machine and is decreased 98.5% ~ 99.5%, the advantages such as the steady friction of loading procedure, in loading procedure, test specimen there will not be bending or torsional deformation.Apparatus of the present invention realize miniaturization, lightweight under guarantee has the prerequisite of enough rigidity, manufacturing cost is lower, manufacturing cost of the present invention about 2000 yuan ~ 3000 yuan, and manufacturing cost about tens ten thousand to the hundreds of thousands of existing large-scale cupping machine, manufacturing cost of the present invention is compared existing cupping machine and is decreased 95% ~ 99.5%, can with optical measuring system with the use of, thus replace large-scale cupping machine to carry out stress-strain measurement and analysis in drawing process, adaptability is good.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the plan structure schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention, Fig. 2 is the A-A cut-open view of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is the B-B cut-open view of Fig. 1, Fig. 4 is the plan structure schematic diagram of base of the present invention, Fig. 5 is the C-C cut-open view of Fig. 4, Fig. 6 is the D-D cut-open view of Fig. 4, Fig. 7 is the plan structure schematic diagram of deck of the present invention, Fig. 8 is the main TV structure schematic diagram of Fig. 7, Fig. 9 is the plan structure schematic diagram of cover plate, Figure 10 is the plan structure schematic diagram of backing plate, and Figure 11 is that in embodiment, apparatus of the present invention fix the structural representation with regulating device for optical element during optical measuring system.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: composition graphs 1 ~ Figure 10 illustrates present embodiment, a kind of device for test specimen extension test of present embodiment comprises base 1, two and overlaps dop assembly 2, two preload pieces 3 and two top boards 4;
The described dop assembly 2 that often overlaps comprises deck 2-1, cover plate 2-2 and multiple backing plate 2-3, deck 2-1 is provided with groove 2-6, the size shape of groove 2-6 is identical with the size shape of the end of test specimen 7 to be tensioned, the sidewall of deck 2-1 is provided with the threaded hole 2-4 be connected with groove 2-6, the axis of threaded hole 2-4 is consistent with the length direction of test specimen to be tensioned, the size shape of backing plate 2-3 is identical with the size shape of groove 2-6, backing plate 2-3 is placed in groove 2-6 for supporting test specimen 7 to be tensioned and lid pressure test specimen 7 to be tensioned, cover plate 2-2 to cover on the upper surface of backing plate 2-3 and removably connects with deck 2-1, two top boards 4 are just to being arranged on base 1, base 1 between two top boards 4 is provided with two cover deck 2-1, and two openings overlapped on the sidewall of the groove 2-6 on deck 2-1 are rectified setting, for placing test specimen 7 to be tensioned between two cover deck 2-1, one end of each preload piece 3 passes corresponding top board 4 and the two is rotationally connected, one end of each preload piece 3 is threaded with corresponding threaded hole 2-4.
Namely present embodiment can use spanner to preload piece manual loading, preload piece and motor can be connected with speed reduction unit again and carry out machine power loading.When present embodiment uses, test specimen can be fixed on deck by cover plate and backing plate securely, the shape of backing plate is consistent with the shape of the groove of deck, during use, backing plate can be made the size of multiple different-thickness, adopt the backing plate of different-thickness (backing plate is arranged on the lower surface of the test specimen in groove for supporting the upper surface upper cover pressure test specimen of test specimen and test specimen) namely can realize carrying out tensile loads to the test specimen to be tensioned of different-thickness, test specimen to be tensioned position in the height direction can be regulated again, the axis of the threaded hole on the sidewall of test specimen to be tensioned center in the height direction and deck is flushed, the Moment that test specimen can not be added in the process loaded can be ensured like this.When present embodiment is used for optical measuring system use, device of the present invention is fixed on optical element and fixes the one end with regulating device, optical element is fixed and is connected optical element with the other end of regulating device, can according to position of optical element need the fixing of locus and angle is carried out to it and regulates.
Embodiment two: composition graphs 1 ~ Fig. 6 illustrates present embodiment, described in present embodiment, base 1 comprises the first square tube 1-1, second square tube 1-2, quadra 1-3, two third party's pipe 1-5, two the 4th square tube 1-6 and two the 5th square tube 1-7, second square tube 1-2 is horizontally disposed with, second square tube 1-2 stacks wherein third party's pipe 1-5 and the two length direction is consistent, two the 5th square tube 1-7 are vertically set up in parallel, another root third party pipe 1-5 is connected with between two the 5th square tube 1-7, two third party's pipe 1-5 are set up in parallel, two the 4th square tube 1-6 are set side by side with between two third party's pipe 1-5, the length direction of two the 4th square tube 1-6 and the length direction of two third party's pipe 1-5 perpendicular, the below of the gap between two the 4th square tube 1-6 is provided with the first square tube 1-1 be connected with described another root third party pipe 1-5 and the second square tube 1-2 respectively, and the length direction of the first square tube 1-1 is consistent with the length direction of two the 4th square tube 1-6, quadra 1-3 is connected with two third party's pipe 1-5 and two the 4th square tube 1-6 respectively, two cover deck 2-1 are arranged on the upper surface of the second square tube 1-2, two top boards 4 are connected on the sidewall of two third party's pipe 1-5.The base of present embodiment is formed primarily of stainless steel square tube, in loading procedure, whole base bears reacting force, such design further increases the rigidity of whole framework, test specimen can not be bent or torsional deflection in loading procedure, can not produce the translation of side direction; Test specimen dop assembly has two covers, and the quadra be positioned on base becomes in the middle of " order " font loop with two the 4th square-tube-shapeds, is respectively used to the two ends of fixing test specimen; Preload piece totally two, is connected with two threaded holes overlapping dop respectively, rotates one of them preload piece, drives the outwards movement of corresponding deck, just can realize the tensile loads to test specimen.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: composition graphs 1 ~ Fig. 6 illustrates present embodiment, base 1 described in present embodiment also comprises two the first angle steel 5 and two the second angle steel 6, the two ends of the second square tube 1-2 are connected to first angle steel 5, the two ends of described one of them third party's pipe 1-5 are connected to second angle steel 6, two the second angle steel 6 and are connected with the first square tube 1-1.Setting like this, is convenient to fix the second square tube and third party's pipe, adds the rigidity of whole base, test specimen can not be bent or torsional deflection in loading procedure, can not produce the translation of side direction.Other is identical with embodiment two.
Embodiment four: composition graphs 1 and Fig. 3 illustrate present embodiment, described in present embodiment, two preload pieces 3 are bolt.Setting like this, is convenient to the loading of pretension to test specimen, connects easy to use.Other with embodiment one, two or three identical.
Embodiment five: composition graphs 1 and Fig. 3 illustrate present embodiment, described in present embodiment, two preload pieces 3 are leading screw.Setting like this, is convenient to the loading of pretension to test specimen, connects easy to use, is convenient to support the use with motor and speed reducer.Other with embodiment one, two or three identical.
Embodiment six: composition graphs 7 ~ Fig. 9 illustrates present embodiment, the plate face that the upper surface of deck 2-1 described in present embodiment is provided with multiple second threaded hole 2-5, cover plate 2-2 is provided with and one to one multiple through hole 2-7 consistent with the second threaded hole 2-5 quantity.Setting like this, cover plate and deck removably connect by bolt, reliably easy to connect.Other with embodiment one, two or three identical.
Embodiment seven: composition graphs 1 ~ Fig. 6 illustrates present embodiment, described in present embodiment, the second square tube 1-2, two third party's pipe 1-5, two the 4th square tube 1-6 and two the 5th square tube 1-7 are square square tube.Setting like this, adopt hollow rhs-structure to have lightweight, that bending resistance is strong advantage, not only significantly reduce the weight of device, but also ensure that understructure has enough rigidity, test specimen can not be bent or torsional deflection in loading procedure, the translation of side direction can not be produced.Other is identical with embodiment two.
Embodiment eight: composition graphs 1 ~ Fig. 6 illustrates present embodiment, the second square tube 1-2 described in present embodiment, two third party's pipe 1-5, two the 4th square tube 1-6 and two the 5th square tube 1-7 are the square square tube of 40mm × 40mm.Setting like this, base is welded by seven 40mm × 40mm square tubes and two pieces of loading top boards.Tubular structure has lightweight, that bending resistance is strong advantage, rhs-structure is adopted not only to significantly reduce the weight of device, but also ensure that framed structure has enough rigidity, quadra constitutes the loop of " order " font jointly with the 4th square tube of two 40mm × 40mm, test specimen and two groups of dops are positioned at the centre in " order " font loop, such design further increases the rigidity of whole base, test specimen can not be bent or torsional deflection in loading procedure, the translation of side direction can not be produced.Other is identical with embodiment seven.
Embodiment nine: composition graphs 1 ~ Fig. 6 illustrates present embodiment, quadra 1-3 described in present embodiment is made up of the square square tube of four 20mm × 20mm.Setting like this, base is welded by the quadra be made up of the square tube of four 20mm × 20mm, seven 40mm × 40mm square tubes and two pieces of loading top boards.Tubular structure has lightweight, the advantage that bending resistance is strong, rhs-structure is adopted not only to significantly reduce the weight of device, but also ensure that framed structure has enough rigidity, 4th square tube of the quadra be made up of the square tube of four 20mm × 20mm and two 40mm × 40mm constitutes the loop of " order " font jointly, test specimen and two groups of dops are positioned at the centre in " order " font loop, such design further increases the rigidity of whole base, test specimen can not be bent or torsional deflection in loading procedure, the translation of side direction can not be produced.Other is identical with embodiment eight.
Embodiment ten: composition graphs 1 ~ Fig. 6 illustrates present embodiment, the first square tube 1-1 described in present embodiment is the square square tube of 80mm × 40mm.Setting like this, base is welded by a 80mm × 40mm, the quadra be made up of the square tube of four 20mm × 20mm, seven 40mm × 40mm square tubes and two pieces of loading top boards.Tubular structure has lightweight, the advantage that bending resistance is strong, rhs-structure is adopted not only to significantly reduce the weight of device, but also ensure that framed structure has enough rigidity, 4th square tube of the quadra be made up of the square tube of four 20mm × 20mm and two 40mm × 40mm constitutes the loop of " order " font jointly, test specimen and two groups of dops are positioned at the centre in " order " font loop, such design further increases the rigidity of whole base, test specimen can not be bent or torsional deflection in loading procedure, the translation of side direction can not be produced, when present embodiment uses, the bottom face of deck is arranged on the 80mm side of the first square tube.Other is identical with embodiment nine.
Embodiment
Composition graphs 1-Figure 11 illustrates the present embodiment, and the space above stretching device of the present invention is wide-open, therefore optical element and optical camera directly can be fixed on device of the present invention with regulating device by the optical element shown in Figure 11 is fixing.The locus of optical element is fixing with regulating device as shown in figure 11 (coupling bolt 8, two pipes 10 and two pipe intermediate plates 9 these three parts are formed).Coupling bolt 8 is for connecting two pipe clamping pieces 9, and on each pipe clamping pieces 9, cover has a pipe 10.When the nut on coupling bolt 8 is in relaxed state, can relative sliding between pipe 10 and pipe intermediate plate 9, two pipe intermediate plates 9 also can relatively rotate, and that is, now the relative position of two pipes 10 and angle can free adjustment; When the nut on coupling bolt 8 is in locking state, the position of two pipes and two pipe intermediate plates has just been fixed, there is internal thread hole at the two ends of pipe 2, therefore, wherein pipe can be bolted on the hole site in " order " font on the base of apparatus of the present invention, another root pipe just can be connected with optical element or optical camera.Utilize optical element to fix and regulating device, can realize regulating the six degree of freedom of optical element locus.And then realize being used for carrying out measuring and analysis to the stress-strain state of test specimen regional area in tensile loads process.

Claims (10)

1. for a device for test specimen extension test, it is characterized in that: charger comprises base (1), two covers dop assembly (2), two preload pieces (3) and two top boards (4);
Described dop assembly (2) that often overlaps comprises deck (2-1), cover plate (2-2) and multiple backing plate (2-3), deck (2-1) is provided with groove (2-6), the size shape of groove (2-6) is identical with the size shape of the end of test specimen to be tensioned (7), the sidewall of deck (2-1) is provided with the threaded hole (2-4) be connected with groove (2-6), the axis of threaded hole (2-4) is consistent with the length direction of test specimen to be tensioned, the size shape of backing plate (2-3) is identical with the size shape of groove (2-6), backing plate (2-3) is placed in groove (2-6) for supporting test specimen to be tensioned (7) and lid pressure test specimen to be tensioned (7), cover plate (2-2) to cover on the upper surface of backing plate (2-3) and removably connects with deck (2-1), two top boards (4) are just to being arranged on base (1), be positioned on the base (1) between two top boards (4) and two cover decks (2-1) are installed, and two openings overlapped on the sidewall of the groove (2-6) on deck (2-1) are rectified setting, for placing test specimen to be tensioned (7) between two covers deck (2-1), one end of each preload piece (3) passes corresponding top board (4) and the two is rotationally connected, one end of each preload piece (3) is threaded with corresponding threaded hole (2-4).
2. a kind of device for test specimen extension test according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described base (1) comprises the first square tube (1-1), second square tube (1-2), quadra (1-3), two third partiesies pipe (1-5), two the 4th square tubes (1-6) and two the 5th square tubes (1-7), second square tube (1-2) is horizontally disposed with, second square tube (1-2) stacks wherein third party pipe (1-5) and the length direction of the two is consistent, two the 5th square tubes (1-7) are vertically set up in parallel, another root third party pipe (1-5) is connected with between two the 5th square tubes (1-7), two third partiesies pipe (1-5) are set up in parallel, two the 4th square tubes (1-6) are set side by side with between two third partiesies pipe (1-5), the length direction that the length direction of two the 4th square tubes (1-6) and two third parties manage (1-5) is perpendicular, the below of the gap between two the 4th square tubes (1-6) is provided with first square tube (1-1) of managing (1-5) and the second square tube (1-2) respectively with described another root third party and being connected, and the length direction of the first square tube (1-1) is consistent with the length direction of two the 4th square tubes (1-6), quadra (1-3) manages (1-5) with two third parties respectively and two the 4th square tubes (1-6) are connected, two covers deck (2-1) are arranged on the upper surface of the second square tube (1-2), two top boards (4) are connected on the sidewall of two third partiesies pipe (1-5).
3. a kind of device for test specimen extension test according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described base 1 also comprises two the first angle steel (5) and two the second angle steel (6), the two ends of the second square tube (1-2) are connected to first angle steel (5), the two ends of described one of them third party pipe (1-5) are connected to second angle steel (6), and two the second angle steel (6) are connected with the first square tube (1-1).
4. a kind of device for test specimen extension test according to claim 1,2 or 3, is characterized in that: described two preload pieces (3) are bolt.
5. a kind of device for test specimen extension test according to claim 1,2 or 3, is characterized in that: described two preload pieces (3) are leading screw.
6. a kind of device for test specimen extension test according to claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that: the upper surface of described deck (2-1) is provided with multiple second threaded hole (2-5), the plate face of cover plate (2-2) is provided with and one to one multiple through hole (2-7) consistent with the second threaded hole (2-5) quantity.
7. a kind of device for test specimen extension test according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described second square tube (1-2), two third parties' pipe (1-5), two the 4th square tubes (1-6) and two the 5th square tubes (1-7) are square square tube.
8. a kind of device for test specimen extension test according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described second square tube (1-2), two third parties pipe (1-5), two the 4th square tubes (1-6) and two the 5th square tubes (1-7) are the square square tube of 40mm × 40mm.
9. a kind of device for test specimen extension test according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described quadra (1-3) is made up of the square square tube of four 20mm × 20mm.
10. a kind of device for test specimen extension test according to claim 9, is characterized in that: the square square tube that described first square tube (1-1) is 80mm × 40mm.
CN201310151180.9A 2013-04-26 2013-04-26 Device for testing tension of test piece Expired - Fee Related CN103234827B (en)

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CN103528898B (en) * 2013-11-01 2015-08-19 哈尔滨工业大学 Three-dimensional stress constraint lower plate shaping property proving installation and method
CN104332102B (en) * 2014-11-22 2016-08-17 福建农林大学 The bolt axial tensile loads that a kind of spiral loads analyzes teaching aid and operational approach thereof
CN105510133A (en) * 2015-12-28 2016-04-20 天津浩宝丰科技有限公司 Tension tester
CN106679951B (en) * 2016-12-22 2019-03-26 海盐海马五金有限公司 A kind of finished product support product test method
CN109107393A (en) * 2018-11-07 2019-01-01 温州莲华环保科技有限公司 A kind of forward osmosis membrane performance test apparatus and its test method

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