CN103233440A - Slag type debris flow formation mechanism based prevention method - Google Patents
Slag type debris flow formation mechanism based prevention method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103233440A CN103233440A CN2013101511584A CN201310151158A CN103233440A CN 103233440 A CN103233440 A CN 103233440A CN 2013101511584 A CN2013101511584 A CN 2013101511584A CN 201310151158 A CN201310151158 A CN 201310151158A CN 103233440 A CN103233440 A CN 103233440A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a slag type debris flow formation mechanism based prevention method. The prevention method comprises the steps of distinguishing a slag type debris flow hidden danger gully; investigating a debris flow gully material source; investigating gully geomorphic parameters and hydrogeological parameters; conducting a dredging project on a floodwater drawing-off passage; and conducting a slag stack blocking project. According to the method, a slag blocking measure which is high in water permeability is used, heavy rain and mountain torrents pass through a waste rock slag stack quickly, slag is prevented from entering the floodwater drawing-off passage to become the material source of debris flows, and prevention of formation of 'breaking blocking type debris flows' and reduction of disasters and losses can be achieved; and simultaneously, disaster effects of debris flows, which may be amplified due to dam breaking caused by the fact that debris flow gravity dams are built to accumulate debris flows, barrier dams block heavy debris flows and let small debris flows go and the like are reduced. Besides, the method is based on a prevention idea which gives first place to dredging, and light engineering measures such as galvanized wire boxes with the high water permeability are used, so that engineering costs of building of barrier dams and drainage channels are reduced, and the method has good practical application and popularization prospects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the mud-rock flow prevention and control field, relate in particular to a kind of method of preventing and treating that forms mechanism based on the slag type mud-rock flow.
Background technology
The area, mountain region is because existing topography and geomorphology, callapsed landslide deposit and the residual deluvium that falls suddenly, thereby under the heavy rain effect, usually forms the mud-rock flow geological disaster.The mine mud-rock flow is in the mountain region area exploitation of mineral resources process, and unreasonable heap row causes the artificial mud-rock flow that forms because of mining barren rock waste.The mountain area exploitation of mineral resources is when promoting socio-economic development, build road, cut in the active procedures such as smooth industrial place, slope, strip mining and underground mining, the barren rock waste is deposited in and reaches in the cheuch on the hillside, greatly increased the solids source that mud-rock flow forms, destroy and cover the soil vegetation, cause or aggravate soil erosion, deterioration mining area ecological environment, under the heavy showers effect, form mud-rock flow, so the mine, mountain region is one of geologic hazard type of taking place frequently the most of mine mud-rock flow.
The slag type mud-rock flow also can claim barren rock type mud-rock flow, is a type of mud-rock flow, and 90% of the bulk solids thing of its formation mud-rock flow derives from the barren rock slag that discharges in the mining process.The mine mud-rock flow is except the three elements such as topography and geomorphology, loose material source and precipitation with general mud-rock flow formation, because of the particularity in its barren rock slag thing source (pile up concentrate the position, waste residue continues to pile up, the debris dump water permeability is strong, particle is thick etc.), so the mine mud-rock flow has artificial property, taking place frequently property and controllability characteristics.
The goldfield, the little Qinling Mountains that Henan, Shaanxi borders on is the type area of China's slag type mud-rock flow geological disaster and hidden danger thereof.Since the area gold mine exploitation of the little Qinling Mountains in 1975,1994,1996,1998,2012 successively in road, different valley tens of mud-rock flow geological disasters (table 1) have taken place, the most serious surely belonging to occurred in the road, Xi Yu valley that Henan, Shan has a common boundary on July 11st, 1994, the mud-rock flow that strong rainstorms cause, the mining area highway 9km that destroys by rush of water, culvert 3km becomes silted up and buries over one hundred of civilian valley gold mine mining equiment, cause mining area traffic, water power to interrupt 51 people's death, the missing especially big geological disaster of up to a hundred people.
Goldfield, the little Qinling Mountains is located in the mountains low-to-middle in height area, the steep ditch depth in slope, the folded barrier in ridges and peaks, the brae is steep, the flowing water incision is strong, main road, valley is V-shaped paddy all, hillside, both sides slope angle greater than
East height above sea level 700～2100m, western 1000～1800m, dispersed elevation 1500m, relative relief be generally at 400～600m, road, main valley ditch bed longitudinal gradient fall than generally at the Zhigou gradient of 6～13%, Yu Dao upstream than 25～35%.Steep geographic and geomorphic conditions is conducive to slope runoff and compiles rapidly, and mountain torrents are converted into kinetic energy from potential energy, and the pelter of rising suddenly and sharply, and makes domatic charge for remittance, cheuch mountain torrents have stronger erosion and transporting capacity.High steep topography and geomorphology provides orographic condition for mud-rock flow, and the huge barren rock slag that mining forms provides abundant loose source for mud-rock flow.Mining barren rock slag seriously ties up and stops up raceway groove, has reduced the river discharge capacity.
The maximum that the slag type mud-rock flow is different from the general nature mud-rock flow is characterised in that the particularity in thing source.Debris (slag) has accounted for more than 90% of mud-rock flow thing source, and there is essential distinction in this and other area, mountain region because of the mud-rock flow thing source that avalanche, landslide or residual slide rock form.Because the barren rock slag is with formations such as the magmatic rock of hard weather resistance, carbonate rock, kata metamorphism rock classes, and debris thing source particle integral body is thick, heavy rain can pass through by slagheap fast, causes the pattern of loose material deadweight increase unstability formation mud-rock flow different with general precipitation infiltration.The slag type mud-rock flow is under extreme heavy showers condition, and stealthy broken long-pending thing forms the dressing shallow failure on the high escarpment in ditch source under the effect of strong rainstorms sheetflood, slides to bottom of trench down, changes into the cheuch mud-rock flow under the mountain torrents effect that compiles rapidly.Mud-rock flow causes debris flow scale to continue to increase by erosion, lateral erosion, end eclipse effect in the process of advancing, and runs into stop up to form stifled bursting and amplified mud-rock flow and cause the calamity effect.Or the upstream form mountain torrents approach debris dump the time, because debris dump ties up the flood passage passage, the mountain torrents flood passage does not freely form such as the barrier lake form and bursts; Or the debris dump on lateral erosion raceway groove limit, cause the debris dump unstability to collapse and stop up mountain torrents and the formation mud-rock flow that collapses.The stifled type mud-rock flow of bursting forms pattern, enrich mud-rock flow formation, move and cause the calamity theory, the mine mud-rock flow is prevented and reduced natural disasters the new theory of preventing and treating is provided simultaneously.
In sum, general mud-rock flow is many because of fine grained, and hole is little, interconnect closely, a little less than the water flowing performance, so precipitation can cause residual deluvium mesopore water pressure continue to increase and unstability forms Debris Flow on Slope Surface, or forms the cheuch mud-rock flow because water permeability difference water blockoff causes water pressure to increase.And the slag type mud-rock flow is thick because of the debris grain composition, weather resistance, and fine grained less than 5%, degree of porosity is big, and hole UNICOM performance is good, and water permeability is strong, so precipitation can be very fast by the barren rock slag muck, and water pressure works hardly.Therefore, slag type mud-rock flow formation pattern is different from general mud-rock flow, mainly is to form the stifled type mud-rock flow of bursting because of cheuch flood erosion raceway groove limit barren rock slag muck unstability; Or because stealthy broken long-pending thing on the high escarpment in ditch source forms the dressing shallow failure under the effect of strong rainstorms sheetflood, slide to bottom of trench down, under the mountain torrents effect that compiles rapidly, change into the cheuch mud-rock flow.Erosion, lateral erosion, end eclipse effect cause raceway groove limit barren rock slag constantly to add stopping up raceway groove and stifled bursting amplified mud-rock flow and caused the calamity degree.
The prevention of mud-rock flow at present is based on and dredges and draining, administers based on solid slag, blocks.Namely by dredging flood passage raceway groove, build debris flow drainage and lead canal, cut gutter, debris retaining barricade, gravity dam, lattice barrier dam etc., and field of stopping becoming silted up waited prevention and cure project and made up the purpose that realizes that mud-rock flow is prevented and treated.
Above-mentioned debris flow control works and combination thereof mainly are based on rainfall and cause the solids source to form because internal water pressure increases unstability that the mud-rock flow geological disaster sets up defences, and have theoretical science.But be main barren rock slag muck for coarse granule, because of its high-voidage, characteristics that water permeability is good, as follow the theory of control and engineering measure, cause the high cost that the specific aim of preventing and treating is strong and administer, even may follow because blocking the gravity dam that ditch builds and assemble slag for a long time, stifled bursting and the hazard effects of amplifying mud-rock flow.
At present, still there is not the control novel technical method that this slag type mud-rock flow forms pattern both at home and abroad.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to provide a kind of method of preventing and treating based on slag type mud-rock flow formation mechanism, is intended to solve the method for preventing and treating of slag type mud-rock flow safety economy.
The embodiment of the invention is achieved in that a kind of method of preventing and treating based on slag type mud-rock flow formation mechanism, and this method of preventing and treating may further comprise the steps:
The differentiation of slag type mud-rock flow hidden danger ditch;
The investigation in debris flow gully thing source;
Debris flow gully valley floor looks parameter and hydrologic parameter measuring and calculating;
The dredging of flood passage passage;
The light-duty engineering of blocking is set.
Further, the distinguishing rule of slag type mud-rock flow hidden danger ditch is: 1. adopt mineral source and account for more than 90% of debris flow gully thing source total amount; 2. diameter accounts for more than 90% of thing source grain composition greater than the coarse granule of 2mm; 3. the barren rock slag mainly is made up of harder mine country rock particle, as kata metamorphism rock class, base ultrabasic rock class, granite, lime rock etc.
Further, debris flow gully thing source investigation comprises: the stability of barren rock slag quantity, waste residue total amount, slag muck tip, slag muck and occupy parameter such as flood passage passage, the screening of representative thing source grain composition and statistics.
Further, the measuring and calculating of cheuch landforms parameter and hydrologic parameter comprises: calculate mud-rock flow hidden danger ditch catchment area, longitudinal gradient degradation at topographic map; The field survey cheuch both sides gradient, maximum flood passage section, flow, flow velocity; Collect parameter such as maximum precipitation, maximum flood passage section in history.
Further, the method for flood passage passage dredging works is: the maximum flood passage passage of dredging cheuch possibility, influence the unimpeded barren rock slag muck of flood passage and other obstructions in the cleaning raceway groove, at utmost guarantee the unimpeded of mountain torrents operations, avoid causing debris dump to collapse stopping up the flood passage passage forming the stifled type mud-rock flow of bursting because of the smooth sapping of flood passage, lateral erosion debris dump.
Further, the method that the engineering of blocking is set is:
Method one: in debris dump toe area, with the galvanized wire cage of packing into of the bulk barren rock more than the diameter 10cm, stable heap comes barren rock slag bank pin limit (having the performance that domatic heavy rain or raceway groove flood pass through fast), and thinner waste residue is deposited in its back, stops because flood sapping waste residue collapses and stops up the river course;
Method two: or build on the raceway groove limit, grout the debris retaining barricade, but must stop the permeable hole of slope flow, make heavy rain or slope runoff pass through debris dump fast, avoid stopping up the flood passage passage because precipitation infiltration causes the slag muck deadweight to increase unstability, the card debris dump does not enter raceway groove and becomes mud-rock flow thing source, and namely big heavy rain can only form mountain torrents and can not form mud-rock flow again, avoids blocking ditch as far as possible and builds gravity dam etc.
The present invention allows heavy rain, flood fast by the barren rock slag muck by adopting the measure of blocking of training of river channel, barren rock slag, avoids waste residue to enter the method that the flood passage passage becomes mud-rock flow thing source, reaches the purpose of control " stifled routed type mud-rock flow "; Reduce simultaneously because building gravity dam (the deposit source is equivalent to installment), jube dam on the dam before and block greatly (boulder) and put little (fritter stone and particulate thing) and cause dam break to amplify the hazard effects of mud-rock flow, therefore invent and have safe, economic characteristics; In addition, the present invention,, reduces because building the engineering cost of gravity dam, escape canal in conjunction with light-duty prevention and cure projects such as galvanized wire cage or debris retaining barricades to dredge to put prevention first, and has a good application prospect and applied value.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 be the embodiment of the invention provide form the flow chart of the method for preventing and treating of mechanism based on the slag type mud-rock flow.
The specific embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explaining the present invention, and be not used in restriction the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows and provided by the inventionly forms the flow process of the method for preventing and treating of mechanism based on the slag type mud-rock flow, for convenience of explanation, only shows part related to the present invention.
The method of preventing and treating based on slag type mud-rock flow formation mechanism that embodiments of the invention provide, this method may further comprise the steps:
The differentiation of slag type mud-rock flow hidden danger ditch;
The investigation in debris flow gully thing source;
Debris flow gully valley floor looks parameter and hydrologic parameter measuring and calculating;
The dredging of flood passage passage;
The light-duty engineering of blocking is set.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the distinguishing rule of slag type mud-rock flow hidden danger ditch is: 1. adopt mineral source and account for more than 90% of mud-rock flow hidden danger ditch thing source total amount; 2. diameter accounts for grain composition more than 90% greater than the coarse granule of 2mm; 3. the barren rock slag mainly is made up of harder ore country rock particle.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the invention, investigation debris flow gully thing source comprises: the stability of barren rock slag quantity, slag muck total amount, tip, slag muck, occupy flood passage passage etc.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the measuring and calculating of cheuch landforms parameter and hydrologic parameter comprises: calculate mud-rock flow hidden danger ditch catchment area, longitudinal gradient degradation at topographic map; The field survey cheuch both sides gradient, maximum flood passage section, flow, flow velocity; Collect parameter such as maximum precipitation, maximum flood passage section in history.One prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the method for flood passage passage dredging works is: the maximum big vast passage of dredging row, the barren rock slag muck that exists in the cleaning flood passage passage.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the method that the engineering of blocking is set is:
Method one: in debris dump toe area, with the galvanized wire cage of packing into of the bulk barren rock more than the diameter 10cm, stable heap comes barren rock slag bank pin limit, and is permeable and block because the barren rock slag does not enter the flood passage passage, less its back that is deposited in.
Method two: or build on the raceway groove limit and to grout the debris retaining barricade, stop the permeable hole of slope flow, make heavy rain or slope runoff fast by debris dump, namely big heavy rain can only form mountain torrents and can not form mud-rock flow again.
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments application principle of the present invention is further described.
The method of preventing and treating based on slag type mud-rock flow formation mechanism that embodiments of the invention provide, this method may further comprise the steps:
S101: the differentiation of slag type mud-rock flow hidden danger ditch;
S102: investigation debris flow gully thing source;
S103: measuring and calculating cheuch landforms parameter and hydrologic parameter;
S104: flood passage passage dredging works;
S105: the engineering of blocking is set.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is further described.
2004-2010, the inventor carried out the investigation of slag type mud-rock flow and study on prevention work in lasting 7 years in goldfield, the little Qinling Mountains, by following investigation, research and preliminry basic research: (1) is the Retrospective review of slag type mud-rock flow in history, (2) the slag type mud-rock flow starts the pattern experiment of main critical parameters and the test that there is related parameter in the laboratory, 7.23 mud-rock flows caused calamity process and the model study of causing disaster in (3) 2010 years, (4) typical debris flow gully control reconnoitres, design work, (5) follow the trail of goldfield, the little Qinling Mountains and domestic other mine debris flow control works measures, summed up the pattern of preventing and treating and the measure that have formed the slag type mud-rock flow.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limiting the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. one kind forms the method for preventing and treating of mechanism based on the slag type mud-rock flow, it is characterized in that this method of preventing and treating may further comprise the steps:
The differentiation of slag type mud-rock flow hidden danger ditch;
The investigation in debris flow gully thing source;
Debris flow gully valley floor looks parameter and hydrologic parameter measuring and calculating;
The dredging of flood passage passage;
The light-duty debris retaining engineering of high water-permeability energy is set.
2. the method for preventing and treating based on slag type mud-rock flow formation mechanism as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the distinguishing rule of slag type mud-rock flow hidden danger ditch is: 1. adopt mineral source greater than 90% of debris flow gully thing source total amount; 2. diameter greater than the coarse granule of 2mm greater than 90% of thing source grain composition; 3. the barren rock slag mainly is made up of harder mine country rock particle, as kata metamorphism rock class, base ultrabasic rock class, granite, lime rock.
3. the method for preventing and treating that forms mechanism based on the slag type mud-rock flow as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, debris flow gully thing source investigation comprises: the stability of barren rock slag quantity, waste residue total amount, slag muck tip, slag muck and occupy the parameter of flood passage passage, the screening of representative thing source grain composition and statistics.
4. the method for preventing and treating based on slag type mud-rock flow formation mechanism as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the measuring and calculating of debris flow gully valley floor looks parameter and hydrologic parameter comprises: fall at topographic map calculating mud-rock flow hidden danger ditch catchment area, longitudinal gradient; The field survey cheuch both sides gradient, maximum flood passage section, flow, flow velocity; Collect the parameter of maximum precipitation, maximum flood passage section in history.
5. the method for preventing and treating that forms mechanism based on the slag type mud-rock flow as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the engineering method of dredging flood passage passage is: the maximum flood passage passage of dredging cheuch possibility, influence the unimpeded barren rock slag muck of flood passage and other obstructions in the cleaning raceway groove, the assurance mountain torrents are unobstructed, avoid causing debris dump to collapse stopping up the cheuch passage forming the stifled type mud-rock flow of bursting because of the smooth sapping of mountain torrents flood passage, lateral erosion debris dump.
6. as claimed in claim 1ly form the method for preventing and treating of mechanism based on the slag type mud-rock flow, it is characterized in that the method that the engineering of blocking is set is:
Method one: in debris dump toe area, with the galvanized wire cage of packing into of the bulk barren rock more than the diameter 10cm, stable heap comes barren rock slag bank pin limit, avoids stopping up the river course because flood sapping debris dump collapses;
Method two: build on the raceway groove limit and to grout the debris retaining barricade, stop the permeable hole of slope flow, make slope runoff pass through debris dump fast, avoid stopping up the flood passage passage because precipitation infiltration causes the slag muck deadweight to increase unstability, guarantee that debris dump does not enter raceway groove and becomes mud-rock flow thing source, be that torrential rain can only form mountain torrents and can not form mud-rock flow, avoid blocking ditch as far as possible and build gravity dam.
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| CN109371862A (en) * | 2018-11-03 | 2019-02-22 | 浙江杭博生态环境建设有限公司 | A kind of debris flow device and method |
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