CN103229601A - Method and device for generating a non-sothermal plasma jet - Google Patents
Method and device for generating a non-sothermal plasma jet Download PDFInfo
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- CN103229601A CN103229601A CN201180033388XA CN201180033388A CN103229601A CN 103229601 A CN103229601 A CN 103229601A CN 201180033388X A CN201180033388X A CN 201180033388XA CN 201180033388 A CN201180033388 A CN 201180033388A CN 103229601 A CN103229601 A CN 103229601A
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- H05H1/48—Generating plasma using an arc
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
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- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for generating an axisymmetric non-isothermal plasma jet by means of a high-voltage electrical discharge of a single-phase or three-phase direct or alternating current into a gas flow, wherein said discharge is initiated by a discharge plasma, propelled by an electromagnetic force and by the drag force exerted by the gas flow and localized at the ends of the electrodes, characterized in that the gas flow propelling the plasma of the discharge is stabilized and laminarized at all points of the resulting plasma jet, and to a device for using the method comprising, in particular, a gas propellant dispenser consisting of elements for the laminarization of the flow in a honeycomb system or an abruptly expanding system, wherein a system of magnetic fields forms the plasma cords and conduits for the introduction of the propulsion and rotation gas components of the propulsion gas flow.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to by close on atmospheric pressure control the non-isothermal plasma jet generation method and realize the device of this method.
Background technology
The generation of plasma jet is relevant with the material switch technology, and especially with plasma chemical, more particularly the destruction with product, waste material is relevant.
In the practice, especially industrial and be used in particular for destroying the isothermal plasma generator that family, medical treatment, industry and the known and the most the most frequently used plasma generator of otherwise waste material are employing direct current, alternating current and high frequency, microwave.
" isothermal " means that plasma different component, especially the temperature T e than the temperature T a of heavy particle (molecule, atom, base and ion) and electronics are in fact equal.According to definition, no matter, possess following condition its volume which point,
Te＝Ta [1]
Then plasma is an isothermal.
The plasma that above-mentioned generator produces all is isothermal usually.It means that the chemical reaction that plasma takes place is the local thermodynamic equilibrium reaction by for example famous Arrhenius (Arrhenius) rule regulation.The concentration of component of isothermal plasma is determined by known Saha (saha) equation usually.
If accelerate plasma electronics and cause that in plasma the excitation and the electric field strength of ionization reaction raise abundantly, plasma can be changed into non-isothermal, that is:
Te>Ta [2]
In order to produce relation (2), electric field strength E need be obeyed this class condition (plasma light current from situation):
E>k.T
a.n
e.Q/e [3]
Wherein, e is electron charge (e=1,610
-19C)
K is Boltzmann constant (k=1,410
-19J/K)
Ta is the temperature of the heavier component (molecule, base, atom, ion) of plasma;
Q is the effective cross-section (m of elastic collision between the electronics of plasma and the neutral component
2);
n
eBe the concentration (m of free electron
-3)
If Ta ~ 2000K, ne ~ 10
+ 19M-
3,Q ~ 10-
18m
2, E is then arranged〉and 2.10
4V/m.
Under the non-isothermal state, the practical application of plasma may be favourable technically.For example be used for the situation that above-mentioned waste material is destroyed.In fact, in this case, the electronics with huge kinetic energy helps forming anakmetomeres and base (state of molecular state that is stimulated and base forms), and is especially effective especially to destroying organic molecule.
In the prior art, especially relating to prior art that waste material destroys has brought with traditional incinerating method to the user and has compared more effective plasma technology, above-mentioned plasma technology is under atmospheric pressure, utilize the plasma fluid generator as the arc generator of supplying with direct current, alternating current, wireless frequency or microwave of isothermal (that is, in thermodynamic equilibrium state).
According to formation condition, the temperature grade of this plasma is 6000～12000K.
This obviously plasma is effective to destroying most of organic molecule of forming described waste material.It is effective too for destroying non-organic molecule.
Follow plasma quenching (stoping the quick coolings of the states reorganization of a lot of harmful molecule, especially dioxin and furans) method, compare with the traditional hot chemical technology, these technology are proved to be more and (for example have superiority, see also ZhukovM.F.Izv.S.O.AN USSR, Ser.Techn.Nauk, 197U, VI (8) P 12-18; Burov I.S., Ermolaeva E.M., Mosse A.L., Minsk ITMO 1975, p.71-78; Equally can be) referring to www.europlasma.com.
But the temperature levels of being mentioned (6000-12000K) is unnecessary.If we under atmospheric pressure use isothermal plasma, because temperature levels (T=Ta=Te) can be defined as the electron concentration of needs the conductivity of plasma, above-mentioned conductivity has been guaranteed the energy balance of electric arc with the plasma jet that is produced, so this temperature levels is necessary.But temperature levels is unnecessary to the plasma chemical reaction that realizes waste material destruction to be solved.This temperature levels makes and uses isothermal plasma generator itself to produce huge energy consumption, makes people suspect.Although it is better to compare the isothermal plasma jet, be to use especially cheap, volume is big and the tradition incineration technology of inefficient filter technology is still current solution.
Therefore, acceptable solution is to utilize non-isothermal plasma, the temperature levels of its heavier component (Ta) grade should be 2000-2500K, this temperature grade is for realizing that the chemical reaction of being pursued is enough, for example, it is essential for destroying waste material but do not form harmful chemical constituent, but when electron temperature grade during at 6000-12000K, it has guaranteed to support discharge mechanism and the required enough electric currents of plasma jet energy balance.
The non-isothermal plasma generator is suggested and is protected by patent, and in new industry, be employed (for example referring to Engelsht V.S., Saichenko A.N., Okopnik G.M., Musin N.U.XI Vsesoyuznaya Konf.Po generatoram nizkotemperaturnoyplazmi, Novosibirsk, 1989; P 255; Desiatkov G.A., Enguelsht V.S., Saichenko A.N., Plasma Jets in the Development of NewMaterials Technology.Proc.Of the International Workshop 3-9September such as Musin N.U., Frunze, USSR Ed.O.P.Solonenko, A.I.Fedorchenko.VSP, Utrecht, (NL), Tokyo (Japan), pp 499-509; Also can be) referring to www.glidarc.com.
Above-mentioned generator is based on the application of electric arc in the principle of sliding between two electrodes at different geometries under the high voltage.Be subjected to the immediate each other locational discharge excitation of electrode, electromagnetic force because of the magnetic field generation, the length that electric arc promotes these electrodes to, wherein above-mentioned magnetic field by producing at electric current that flows through on the electrode and the electric current that on electric arc, in fact flows through along direction of principal axis perpendicular to these electrodes.Further, electric Arc Motion may be to be excited by the longitudinal air flow that promotes gas, and said flow helps at electrode downstream formation plasma jet.Along with electric arc slides gradually, its length and reactance increase, but current strength reduces.A little less than electrorheological gets too sometime, so that can not support the energy balance of discharging, and electric arc disappears.Therefore, new discharge is that electrode is newly exciting of basis, and its process is carried out repeatedly.Therefore, move to electric arc eternal " back and forth " along the length of electrode.In this motion, electric arc forms " plasma cloud " around it, and what the characteristic of this plasma cloud, especially life cycle depended on the characteristic that produces the gas of discharge therein, gas flow mechanics flux exists the voltage amplitude level between situation, the electrode and the different geometries of electrode.This plasma cloud can be guaranteed in its life cycle under the currentless situation, the existence in electric conductor zone.If the cycle of plasma surpasses the interval that potential pulse is separated between these electrodes, then can not only direct current be supplied with electric arc, also pulse current can be supplied with electric arc, especially, also can supply with alternating current, for example alternating current of 50Hz to slip electric arc.
These slip electric arcs are formed by supply direct current, generator single-phase and three-phase alternating current.Supplying with under the three-phase alternating current situation, the solution of three electrodes or six electrodes is in industrial proposition and realization.Propose to use three electrodes and six electrodes (referring to Engelsht V.S., Gurovich V.Ts., Desyatkov G.A., Musin N.U., Saitchenko A.N.Experimentalinvestigation and application of the high-voltage low-current arc in gasflow.20th ICPIG.-Barga, 1991-P.978-919) be zone for the unified as far as possible plasma that is generated, this is because the big collection that this plasma does not have thermodynamical equilibrium and therefore comprises the molecule and the base of metastable state.The potential energy of these molecules (non-thermal effect), and be not only the particle that its power capacity (thermal effect) can decompose these materials, to destroy by plasma.
Method of being mentioned and generator have following shortcoming, make it be difficult in practice use, or reduce its usefulness significantly:
1. the plasma jet that is generated is spatially inhomogeneous;
2. the plasma unstable that is generated;
3. can not control method and parameter thereof;
4. limited (dwindling) size in plasma zone;
5. plasma generates the zone and is subjected to electrode restriction (existence of electrode has hindered formation range in the plasma zone).
The fact that the electric arc that slides in the definition is made steady motion may be bad, because it has determined the unsteadiness of the inhomogeneities on the space with the plasma that is generated.
The above-mentioned author who mentions (Desyatkov etc.) has also proposed a kind of configuration of electrode, in case electric arc arrives the end of electrode, and the position of fixed arc spatially just.Therefore, on the one hand, the electric current line is subjected to promoting the pulling force of air-flow and electromagnetic force and bending, on the other hand, is subjected to keeping in the highest zone of the ionization degree in space the electric arc mobilization force resistance of its position and bending.
This solution has advantage than slip electric arc scheme.But experimental work shows electric arc and by the plasma jet instability of its generation.This unsteadiness is mainly caused by the mixed and disorderly characteristic that promotes air-flow.
In addition, consider that the plasma jet length that is generated is shorter, be difficult to that especially electrode changes, and comes the work of treatment of objective for implementation by avoiding not making the parts of generator by the jet of process object reflection.Therefore, wish that very plasma jet should be obviously longer.But, according to prior art, it is impossible prolonging plasma jet, because in the prior art, the raising of considering power loss in practice with the jet size square, approach the square proportional of spheroid form, therefore the input power of this generator, energy efficiency improves seldom.
Summary of the invention
Under aforementioned background, a technical problem to be solved of the present invention is that design is closing under atmospheric pressure or the superatmospheric pressure, a kind of generation method of stable non-isothermal plasma jet, it can use in better mode, thereby especially at waste material, particularly organic waste materials is destroyed or the regeneration field, in industrial realization plasma chemical reaction.
An advantage is in the uniform non-isothermal plasma jet of plasma chemical reactor space utilization generation method.
Be more preferably equally in that plasma chemical is handled during all and stablely at any time utilize non-plasma plasma jet generation method.
Equally better use plasma jet with elongate form, and therefore on the relationship essence of length and diameter above linear module.The non-isothermal plasma jet of good utilisation layering equally more increases its length in the mode of the energy exchange by whole restrictions and environmental gas center.
A bigger advantage is: according to the composition of supply gas component, shape, characteristic and treated substance, all technology all can be guaranteed variable control and treatment.
Owing to closing under the atmospheric pressure, generate the non-isothermal plasma jet, all purposes of the present invention all can realize.According in air-flow by under the assistance of the direct current of single-phase or three-phase or the discharge of electricity under the alternating current high voltage, generate the method for non-isothermal plasma axisymmetric jet, this discharge triggers by puncturing plasma, the pulling force that applies by electromagnetic force with by air-flow promotes and is limited at the end of electrode, it is characterized in that: promote discharge plasma air-flow resulting plasma jet to have a few all be stable, the speed V* relevant with gas, have a few the obedience type of relationship in the institute that promotes stream:
r*<D*：V*(r*)=1
D*≤r*≤1:V*(r*)=1-cos[π(r*-1)/2(D*-1)]
And satisfy the hydromechanics stability condition of electric arc,
V≤Re*·η/ρ·D
Wherein,
D*＝D/D
0；r*=2r/D
0
D and D
0Be respectively the external diameter of jet and the diameter of delamination area, and D≤D
0
R is the jet point radius by decision flow velocity V;
V
0Be the speed of stratified flow;
Re* is the critical number of the NR of stable flow;
η and ρ are respectively under the temperature of promotion stream of the present invention, promote the dynamic viscosity and the density of gas.With the device of the method that realizes aforesaid generation non-isothermal plasma jet, in said apparatus, promote that air communication is of the present invention excessively to be had the air-flow distributor that enters junction station, the device that forms velocity profile and grizzly and enter and lead in the zone that forms electric arc.
Description of drawings
Other technical problems to be solved of the present invention, feature and advantage can be come clear performance by accompanying drawing, chart and the explanation that is additional to the application, wherein:
Fig. 1 is illustrated under two kinds of situations under alternating current (50Hz) state that is transmitted by air-flow, the configuration of the electric arc under the high voltage that generates between two electrodes:
Fig. 1 a: air-flow is mixed and disorderly;
Fig. 1 b: air-flow forms as follows: the mobilization force pulse is very little, particularly air-flow layering;
Fig. 1 c shows as the present invention proposes stable equally, and especially the non-isothermal plasma jet of layering is along the situation of the propagation of the length that obviously surpasses non-stationary flow;
Fig. 2 represents to realize to implement the present invention's (" a ") the mechanism of device and two variation of cooling electrode;
Fig. 2 a: use air cooling;
Fig. 2 b: use water cooling;
Fig. 3 represents to have the non-isothermal plasma jet generation system of three electrodes, and these three electrodes are by three-phase current source supplying electric current;
Fig. 4 represents based on two configurations to have the non-isothermal plasma jet generation system of six electrodes, and these six electrodes are by three-phase current source supplying electric current;
Fig. 4 b: star-like connection;
Fig. 4 c: triangle connects;
Fig. 5 a represents to power by three-phase alternating current when generator, and three electrodes are housed in substrate, have an annular electrode simultaneously with the part of stretching, and control configuration in this way, thereby use special case of the present invention by the plasma jet of current excitation;
Fig. 5 b represents to cool off by gas or water the situation of annular electrode;
Fig. 6 represents the special case of each applying a magnetic field in six electrodes of non-isothermal jet generator feed;
Fig. 6 a is the transversal part of device;
Fig. 6 b is a longitudinal component, and the directed magnetic field of supplying with is to converge to discharge the axial region of plasma jet;
Fig. 6 c is a longitudinal component, and the directed magnetic field of supplying with is to navigate to discharge the outer peripheral areas of plasma jet;
Fig. 6 d is a longitudinal component, and magnetic field continues always and remains unchanged in time.In this case, discharge influence vibration;
Fig. 7 represents to be generated and drawn transversal part around the non-isothermal plasma jet of its axis rotation because of deflection system and/or coaxial magnetic field by six electrodes;
Fig. 8 represents that the air-flow that the non-isothermal plasma jet is formed by the concentric regions of gas promotes and stable special case, and wherein, each gas concentric zone has the flow that is subjected to valve control;
Fig. 9 is under two magnitudes of voltage, according to the speed V of the promotion gas of importing, generates the length variations curve of the electric arc of non-isothermal plasma jet, and wherein according to the present invention, this promotion gas is used for stablizing non-isothermal plasma jet V;
Figure 10 is the electrode configuration after the major part of removal center;
Figure 11 is the electrode configuration with thin slice.
Embodiment
The principle of proposed method is:
Suggestion is used jet generation method as the basis, this jet generation method is to supply with under high voltage in air-flow under the discharge help of direct current or single-phase or three-phase alternating current, the method of the axisymmetric jet of non-isothermal plasma, this discharge triggers by puncturing plasma, and by electromagnetic force and the end that promotes and be limited at electrode by the pulling force that air-flow applies.
Plasma in this jet is in the non-isothermal state as formula [1]-[3] definition, and this non-isothermal state is a major advantage of the present invention.But, under existing the application, the plasma jet that is generated is mixed and disorderly, in practice, the advantage of non-isothermal plasma is not utilized, because energy exchange in mixed and disorderly plasma is strong excessively, these energy can't be used: the energy of the energy of electronics, be stimulated particle and the final free radical that forms and be in metastable state, energy are all by " waste " and heat dissipation.
But the present invention can utilize these principal advantages by the be excited state of particle of limit thermal dissipation on the contrary and optimum utilization.
The present invention is by applying work in order to the stable plasma jet to the air-flow of supplying with and promote plasma jet.Stability mainly is the feature of hydromechanics.This stability is to organize all points of air-flow that surround and promote plasma jet in following condition: convective exchange is eliminated, only exists molecule to dissipate, and especially exists when heat conduction and diffusion.The present inventor's experience shows:
The relative velocity V* of gas, promote stream have a few and should satisfy this class empirical relation:
r*<D*:V*(r*)=l [1]
D*≤r*≤l:V*(r*)=1-cos[π(r*-1)/2(D*-1)] [2]
Should satisfy the stable condition of flowing dynamics:
V≤Re*.η/ρ.D [3]
Wherein,
D*=D/D
0;r*=2r/D
0
D and D
0Be respectively the external diameter of jet and the diameter (D≤D of stability region
0);
R is the radius by the jet point of flowing velocity V decision;
V
0Be the speed of stratified flow;
Re* is the critical Reynolds number of stable flow;
η and ρ are respectively dynamic viscosity and the density that promotes gas, and this gas promotes under the temperature and pressure that promotes stream.
According to critical Reynolds number Re*, we know that stream changes the value of the Reynolds number of turbulence state into from stratification state in spontaneous mode.For the ducted stream of axial symmetry, this value is known and the order of magnitude is 2000.Experience shows that this spontaneous transformation is by the speed difference between contiguous fluid layer, the gradient by described speed decides more accurately.The present inventor's experience can imagine that with its affirmation for the base flow of high speed and qualification size, even Reynolds number has substantially exceeded 2000, the attribute of exchange still remains on the molecule level.The present inventor is called pseudo-layering with such stream.The present inventor observes this puppet layering, and Reynolds number (formal calculating) can reach 100000.For the stream that is wrapped in the liquid " shell " is enough, and stream changes in single mode in liquid " shell ", and action mode is the zero-speed under the velocity amplitude, the especially static situation that slide to ambient flow from the central speed value of elementary streams.In addition, experience shows in order to make stream for pseudo-layering, the velocity gradient of the stream in the zone line is equalled zero on the border of intermediate flow and elementary streams and ambient flow.
The Re* value may be only by the experiment decision.The work that the inventor implemented shows in fact Re* ~ 1,5.10
4This conclusion may be applicable to the device of this method of realization of mentioning among the configuration of the plasma jet that all are mentioned and the present invention.For other configurations, in order to remain on the field that the present invention uses, before determining to utilize the parameter and rule of plasma jet, need known, classical hydromechanics method is carried out on the device that is adopted, to determine Re* by rule of thumb, afterwards, select the value of V according to formula [3].
The present inventor's experience shows that when plasma line or electric arc were flowed through in pseudo-stratified flow, near the pseudo-stratified condition the plasma line was met actually automatically, and the plasma line does not disturb mutually.And the exchange between the stream keeps layering.
In order to make plasma line (even its axis has the direction vertical with the flow path direction of walking around it) do not promoted flow disturbance, stream is the just enough of pseudo-layering.
Relation [1]-[3] are the concrete instances that realizes the present invention's pseudo-stratified condition required for protection.Therefore, particularly, the present invention can make the energy exchange between plasma jet and the surrounding medium minimize.That some examples show is stable, pseudo-layering plasma jet may be very long.Therefore, might control and optimize the shape and the energy loss thereof of jet with the heat exchange of optimizing jet and the electric charge (charge) of processed material and mode that total amount exchanges.
For example, might best example be to adopt and the vertical magnetic field of the sense of current of flowing through the plasma line that generates plasma jet.Electromagnetic force causes the electric arc rotation, and this electric arc is rotated in the energy exchange of non-isothermal plasma jet internal excitation.
The rotation of non-isothermal plasma jet can excite energy exchange formation plasma-vortex to obtain in plasma jet by introducing the promotion air-flow at a certain angle equally.
Can be by with respect to discharging current direction (flowing through alternating current), the direction that applies along magnetic field, applying a magnetic field in each electrode, make the plasma line near or change the shape of plasma line away from jet axis.The shape of jet can be amplified or shorten in the stationary magnetic field.
In case plasma jet is stablized (pseudo-layering), by energy exchange intensity and the isoionic formation of non-isothermal around the decision plasma line, the effect that shape stable and pseudo-layering (velocity conditions that promotes gas is formed), electromagnetism rotation, hydromechanics rotation, compression or plasma line stretches, the speed of binding plasma jet is good.Wherein, above-mentioned stretching can provide the introducing mist (to comprise by contacting with the non-isothermal plasma in the non-isothermal plasma jet, be decomposed into the component of movable particle) possibility, and make the energized condition and the combination of these gases, especially to convergence the best of the favourable free radical of the reorganization of the destruction of organic molecule and for example useful constituent as biogas.
Fig. 1 shows the principle of device of the present invention.
Fig. 1 a shows as in fact using and the user repeatedly takes the acquisition, by the mixed and disorderly feature of the plasma lines 2 of electrode 1 generation of the standard set-up of the vortex flow of supply gas.Can see that electrode 1 is with uncertain on room and time, unsettled form emission plasma line 2.Plasma zone 3 around the line is unstable on time and space equally.This configuration has limited the application of the plasma of the type greatly, and it can not be known as plasma jet.
Fig. 1 b shows the principle result who uses the device that distributes the flow that promotes gas.Plasma lines 2 is stable.Plasma jet 4 is assigned with gas jet 5 encirclements that device 6 produces.It is stable and configuration uniformly.
Fig. 1 c has provided the principle contrast of above-mentioned two kinds of situations mentioning: plasma lines 2, plasma zone 3 significantly elongate than the situation of standard set-up and length on longer.Produce stable plasma jet 4 by gas jet 5.
Generally speaking, realize that the device of generation method of stable as defined in the present invention non-isothermal plasma jet is by shown in Figure 2.Form is placed between two electrodes 1 for the discharge 2 of the plasma line of in fact constant part under high voltage, and these two electrodes are parallel or differ special angle with respect to the symmetry axis of generator, and it is connected with AC power 9 with metal cone 8 by Metallic rod 7.Metal cone links to each other with electric power system by capacitor 10, and removable its length, so that the variable in distance that itself and Metallic rod are separated.
The supply gas of promotion and stable non-isothermal plasma jet 4 is introduced by the conduit 11 with collecting main 12, sieve grid 13 and flow (speed) distributor 14.
Collecting main comes supply gas by entry conductor 15.The component of the water droplet form of gas, liquid or injection can be added in the air-flow by conduit 16.
Flow distributor 14 can be used for being predetermined and controlling the radial distribution of air flow rate.As shown in Figure 2, it can constitute the set of particularly disposing with the such narrow tube of honeycomb.The length situation decision of these pipes is with the situation of the dynamics impedance of the emission radius change of distributor.It can set up the speed conditions 17(V (r) that the stability that is predetermined air-flow also is predetermined the stability of the stream that generates plasma thus).Thus, can form air-flow, its diameter is that the core 18 of D has constant speed, is subjected to diameter D
0(19) Xian Zhi periphery has the radially situation that is predetermined.Experience shows that this stream has all phenomenons and the feature of stratified flow.When this stream surrounded plasma lines, it made plasma lines become stable.The exchange of this jet inside (zone 4) is the molecule exchange, and its concentration is lower than the concentration of eddy current exchange in fact.Especially, the exchange of heat exchange and total amount is by thermoelectric conductance and middle diffusion decision, and can't help heat exchange and mixed and disorderly total amount exchange decision.Therefore, more weak on the intensity, bigger on the area.It can obtain large scale, and especially longer plasma jet that is to say, plasma can be delivered to farther distance, and can not lose the feature that is determined (enthalpy) that Fig. 1 c represents.
On the other hand, according to device of the present invention, it is characterized in that: the device (14) that forms the speed conditions that promotes air-flow is the axial symmetry system of coaxitron, this coaxitron disposes in the honeycomb mode and the conduction holding components by electrode vertically runs through, and tubular axis and the stream length of pipe parallel with the axle of stream and the local speed of air-flow are inversely proportional to.
Support passes the heat release of carrying out because of the metallic region of electron charge in gas (electronics discharges automatically) and the electrode 1 that unavoidably suffers erosion can be by air-flow (in the case, can be shown in Fig. 2 b, electrode 1 can connect by the gas groove 20 through it) or current are (in the case, can be shown in Fig. 2 c, electrode 1 is by current 21 processes) cool off.
Can replace by the main body 35 after vertical Milling Process as shown in Figure 10 at the metal cone 8 that triggers discharge between the electrode, can reduce the impedance of hydromechanics thus.If metal cone 8 is replaced by the radially sheet metal (36) that is fixed on the electrode, the distance that this sheet metal is designed between the sheet is minimum in the uppermost electrode part of gas axial flow, and then this structure shown in Figure 10 also can be less.
Device is operation in the following manner: when discharge triggers, put the electric arc of raking up sb.'s faults between cone 8 and bar 7.
By promoting by electromagnetic force with around the gas-flow resistance of plasma lines 2, plasma lines 2 moves to the right, arrives electrode 1, and 22 is fixed to its end in the position.Its stable form is decided by the balance between power above-mentioned and the thermal resistance drag, and this thermal resistance drag restriction electric arc occupies the pipeline of setting up after the ionization, but not moves at unionized near zone.Near plasma lines, formed stable and uniform non-isothermal plasma zone 4: occurrence condition (2) and (3).The temperature of the plasma composition that this is regional and the value of concentration and gradient (Ta, Te) by molecule exchange (heat conduction, disperse and conductivity) decision, and the scope in the non-isothermal plasma zone of decision jet.
Fig. 3 has represented to realize diagram of the present invention, based on the present invention, generate plasma lines 2 by three electrodes 1, these three electrodes by metal cone 8 with have the generator of form and link to each other for the three-phase current of the ballast components that can make the especially high inductance of energy work rate 23.This system becomes stable by the air-flow that is produced by gas distributor 6, and the above-mentioned gas distributor makes can surround electrode and plasma lines by air-flow, wherein is predetermined the radially situation of this air flow rate, with stable discharging and make the plasma jet layering.
Fig. 4 has advised better scheme again.In this case, this plasma line 2 is generated by six electrodes 1, and these six electrodes link to each other with three-phase current generator 9 by metal cone 8.Electrode integral body is surrounded by the stratified flow 5 from the stabilizing gas of distributor 14.Connect with triangle (shown in the connection 9 ' of Fig. 4 b) or star (as the connection 9 of Fig. 4 c " shown in) based on electrode, concentrate 24 ' or peripheral 24 and have " the plasma lines configuration.According to the application of non-isothermal plasma ray, preferably have one or other scheme.
Fig. 5 has represented another possibility implementation of the present invention.In this case, stable non-isothermal plasma jet 4 is formed to the plasma line 2 of three electrodes of ring electrode 5 power supplies by being connected to by three-phase alternating-current supply 9.Shown in Fig. 5 c, consider that it contacts with plasma jet, it is overheated that ring electrode 25 might be configured to, and needs for example to cool off by the current that provided and discharged by conduit 26.Projection 27 can be applied to be determined and the fixedly substrate of plasma lines.
In the above described manner, claimed apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that, its have a large amount of circular coaxial generation layering jet electrode 25 and electrode around delamination area inside, determine in the delamination area of the jet that is generated discharging.
Realize stablizing (seeing Fig. 5 b) by the air-flow 5 from distributor 6, the honeycomb device 14 of Fig. 2 is expanded rapidly in above-mentioned distributor 6 system 27 replaces, and this system can be suitable for the flow condition 17 of the scheme of Fig. 5 on can the generation experience.Can see that promoting gas 28 is introduced in the distributor 6 that produces eddy current 29 in the air-flow of section 30, this air-flow is directed to grizzly 13, has also formed the speed V(r that wants) 17.
Fig. 6 a shows the situation of affix solenoid 31, this solenoid 31 produced with from the vertical magnetic field of the plasma lines 2 of each electrode 1.Promotion air-flow from distributor 6 and stable plasma jet 4 is organized as all configurations of surrounding plasma lines, makes this plasma line to be assembled by magnetic field.Above-mentioned magnetic field is according to the vibration homophase of field and electric current or anti-phase, by the axial direction generation (see Fig. 6 b) of alternating current along maker, or shift outside (seeing Fig. 6 c) just onto, perhaps also can be shown in Fig. 6 d like that, by keeping constant the action of a magnetic field in time, under two kinds of situations of Fig. 6 b and Fig. 6 c, vibrate.
Fig. 7 a represents to realize the cross section part of another device of the present invention, according to this device, after leaving metal cone 8, promote air-flow 28, and forms vortex from the plasma lines 2 of six electrodes 1 by hydromechanics deflector 32 or the magnetic field that generates by solenoid 31 thus, the vibration in wherein said magnetic field and provide the alternating current of discharge synchronous.
Fig. 7 b represents the axle of deflector and promotes angulation δ between the airflow direction.
Fig. 7 c represents angulation δ ' between the tangent line of radially fixing circle of the axle of deflector and deflector.
δ≤90 degree and δ '≤90 degree are arranged.
Can also be according to its feature of device of the present invention, it comprises the solenoid 31 that flows through direct current or alternating current, this direct current or alternating current are especially synchronous with the electric current that discharge is provided, this solenoid 31 is configured to form the magnetic field with angle beta and angle γ guiding, this angle δ with respect to the discharging current direction 0 the degree and 90 the degree between, this angle γ with respect to the stratified flow direction 0 the degree and 90 the degree between.
Fig. 8 represents to promote the longitudinal component of the distributor 28 of air-flow, according to this device, resulting from by the configuration in the position of the plasma lines 2 of the electrode 1 after leaving metal cone 8 and plasma zone 3 device 33 controls by valve 34 with distribution of guaranteeing to promote gas 28, this promotes the length of air-flow 28 by these parts and metal cone, the periphery of penetrating electrode (being particularly useful for making its cooling) and arrival generator.
When Fig. 9 is illustrated in the voltage that is applied to electrode and is different value, plasma jet, promote the speed L(m of gas) and dependence V(m/s).
The present invention can be at chemical field, plasma chemistry and pharmaceutical field, especially make pulvis particularly the user's mask aspect the nanometer pulvis have superiority.
The generator of non-isothermal plasma jet can be at different industrial circles, and the user's mask that is used for instantaneous sterilizing on contaminated surface has superiority.
Use of the present invention is being destroyed aspect housework waste material, the industrial medicine, and is incinerating by plasma aspect the organic waste materials especially effectively and having advantage especially, and economical especially.In this case, the present invention can be particularly useful for removing dioxin, the so poisonous residual gas of furans, and reclaims by the combustible that organic waste materials is converted into as biogas.
Example:
1. be applied to destroy the non-isothermal plasma fluidic generator based on atmospheric pressure gas of medical waste material.
Energy: 100kW
Pressure: 1 crust
Electrode voltage: 10kV
Frequency: 50Hz
Maximum current: 10A
Number of electrodes: 6
Stabilizing arrangement: honeycomb distributor
Center on the Reynolds number of the air-flow of plasma arc: between 300 and 14000, change.Owing to taked to make its stable measure, plasma jet keeps the characteristic of accurate layering.
What 2, be applied to destroy medical waste material forms the non-isothermal plasma fluidic generator of gas based on the complexity of pressure below atmospheric pressure.
Energy: 100kW
Pressure: 1.7 crust
Electrode voltage: 20kV
Frequency: 50Hz
Maximum current: 5A
Number of electrodes: 6
Stabilizing arrangement: expand distributor rapidly
Center on the Reynolds number of the air-flow of plasma arc: between 300 and 14000, change.Owing to taked to make its stable measure, plasma jet keeps the characteristic of accurate layering.
Under above-mentioned described two examples, according to Fig. 6, according to the configuration of field, perpendicular to the magnetic field 0 of electric current, the application of 11T can make length reduce 3m to 0,8m, and make diameter increase by 4,5cm is to 12cm.
Fig. 9 represented according to the present invention, under two magnitude of voltage situations shown in two above-mentioned examples, according to the speed of the air-flow that promotes the non-isothermal plasma jet, generates the situation of length variations of the electric arc of non-isothermal plasma jet.
Conclusion:
1. realization of the present invention can obtain the arc length of the generation non-isothermal plasma jet of several meters grades, and it can substantially exceed famous slip electric arc and unsettled non-isothermal plasma jet on area.
2. plasma jet has the characteristic of accurate layering, and Reynolds number surpasses 2000 simultaneously.
3. claimed method and as the device of this method of realization of in shown example, using can realize purpose of the present invention.The accessible distance of example before it can be transferred to plasma and surpass, and it is projected on the target, can showing the electric charge of medical waste, and can not be generated plasma jet device feature, especially electrode interference or influenced by it.
4. consider outside device without the discharge of programming may and dangerous, do not recommend to use too high voltage.We find simultaneously, inner too high discharge voltage meeting " shunting " electric arc and interference plasma jet.
5. use magnetic field with the current vertical of discharge make the may command jet configuration and can optimize its size and energy balance, its for needs with etc. three-dimensional jet be suitable for electric charge, thereby for example destroy or application in practice that regeneration is especially handled during medical waste material aspect can confirm use of the present invention.
Claims (12)
- One kind in air-flow by under the assistance of the direct current of single-phase or three-phase or the discharge of electricity under the alternating current high voltage, generate the method for non-isothermal plasma axisymmetric jet, this discharge triggers by puncturing plasma, the pulling force that applies by electromagnetic force with by air-flow promotes and is limited at the end of electrode, it is characterized in that:It all is stable that the air-flow that promotes the plasma of discharge have a few in the institute of resulting plasma jet, the speed V* relevant with gas, promote to flow have a few the obedience type of relationship:r*<D*：V*(r*)=1D*≤r*≤1:V*(r*)=1-cos[π(r*-1)/2(D*-1)]And satisfy the hydromechanics stability condition of electric arc,V≤Re*·η/ρ·DWherein,D*＝D/D 0；r*=2r/D 0D and D 0Be respectively the external diameter of jet and the diameter of delamination area, and D≤D 0R is the jet point radius by decision flow velocity V;V 0Be the speed of stratified flow;Re* is the critical number of the NR of stable flow;η and ρ are respectively under the temperature that promotes stream, promote the dynamic viscosity and the density of gas.
- 2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: electric arc is subjected to the magnetic field action domination with current vertical.
- 3. according to the method for above-mentioned one of them, it is characterized in that: the electric current of electric arc or electric arc along and to promote the axle of air-flow parallel or become the angle guiding of δ≤90 degree with it, or become the angle of δ '≤90 degree with respect to the tangent line of the circle that disposes deflector.
- 4. according to the method for above-mentioned one of them, it is characterized in that: promote air-flow and comprise molecular components, stream molecule component for example, be decomposed into the molecular particle and the base of being excited after non-isothermal plasma contacts.
- 5. realize according to aforementioned one of them the device of method of generation non-isothermal plasma jet of claim, it is characterized in that: promote air-flow (28) and enter into the zone that forms electric arc (4) by air-flow distributor (6), this air-flow distributor (6) comprises device (14) and the grizzly (13) that enters junction station (12), forms velocity profile.
- 6. device according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the device (14) that form to promote the velocity profile of air-flow (28) is to be placed on the honeycomb and the axial symmetry system of the coaxitron that the conductive supporting by electrode vertically runs through, tubular axis is parallel with stream axle, and the current length of pipe is inversely proportional to local velocity as the determined air-flow of claim 1.
- 7. according to claim 5 or 6 described devices, it is characterized in that: the device (14) that forms the velocity profile that promotes air-flow (28) comprises junction station (12), expansion encircles (24) and grizzly (13) rapidly.
- 8. according to claim 6 or 7 described devices, it is characterized in that: this device comprises the solenoid (31) that wherein flows through direct current or alternating current, this electric current is special synchronous with the electric current of supplying with discharge, this solenoid is placed as the direction that is used for forming with respect to discharging current and spends the angle beta guiding of spending to 90 with 0, and spends to the magnetic field of the angle γ guiding of 90 degree with 0 with respect to the direction of stratified flow.
- 9. according to one of them described device of claim 5 to 8, it is characterized in that: the junction station of decker has the conduit (15,16) of the component of the jet of feed fluid, injection or gas form.
- 10. according to one of them described device of claim 5 to 9, it is characterized in that: this device has the electrode of the formation layering jet of bulk circular coaxial, surrounds the inside of delamination area, to limit discharge in the delamination area of the jet that is generated.
- 11. one of them the described device according to claim 5 to 10 is characterized in that: can trigger the parts replacement of the metal cone (8) of discharge by vertical milling between electrode (1), the parts of this vertical milling can reduce the hydromechanics impedance.
- 12. one of them described device according to claim 5 to 11, it is characterized in that: metal cone (8) is replaced by the radially sheet metal (36) that is fixed on the electrode (1), and the distance that this sheet metal is designed between the sheet is minimum in the electrode part of the upstream of the axial flow of gas.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1001928A FR2959906B1 (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2010-05-05 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING A NON-ISOTHERMIC PLASMA JET |
| FR10/01928 | 2010-05-05 | ||
| PCT/FR2011/000277 WO2011138525A1 (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2011-05-04 | Method and device for generating a non-isothermal plasma jet |
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| CN103229601A true CN103229601A (en) | 2013-07-31 |
| CN103229601B CN103229601B (en) | 2017-03-01 |
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| EP (1) | EP2567599B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103229601B (en) |
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| CN102781157B (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2014-12-17 | 西安电子科技大学 | Planar jet flow plasma generating device |
| FR2998440B1 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2022-03-11 | Abenz 81 40 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATMENT OF FRAGMENTED MATERIAL BY FLOW OF REACTIVE PLASMA AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE |
| FR3039548B1 (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2019-05-31 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (C.N.R.S) | NEW PROCESS FOR POLYMERIZING SUGARS |
| DE102016201459A1 (en) | 2016-02-01 | 2017-08-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | A plasma generating device comprising a high voltage source |
| WO2020188344A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 | 2020-09-24 | Abenz 81-40 | Device and method for the plasma treatment of fragmented material at intermediate temperatures |
| CN113101389B (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-04-08 | 北京农学院 | Plasma sterilization device, preparation method of sterilization gas and sterilization method |
| WO2022248981A1 (en) | 2021-05-23 | 2022-12-01 | Abenz 81-40 | Method for treating gases and gas mixtures, by intermediate temperature plasma referred to as pit pttm, device and use |
| CN117313585B (en) * | 2023-11-28 | 2024-02-20 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Analysis method for influencing flow and heat transfer characteristics of conductive airflow by magnetic field direction |
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| WO2003084294A1 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-09 | Apit Corp. S.A. | Atmospheric plasma surface treatment method and device for same |
| US20070176562A1 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2007-08-02 | Hirofumi Takikawa And Daiken Chemical | Power supply circuit for plasma generation, plasma generating apparatus, plasma processing apparatus and plasma processed object |
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- 2011-05-04 EP EP11724269.3A patent/EP2567599B1/en active Active
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| WO2003084294A1 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-09 | Apit Corp. S.A. | Atmospheric plasma surface treatment method and device for same |
| US20050118350A1 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2005-06-02 | Pavel Koulik | Atmospheric plasma surface treatment method and device for same |
| US20070176562A1 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2007-08-02 | Hirofumi Takikawa And Daiken Chemical | Power supply circuit for plasma generation, plasma generating apparatus, plasma processing apparatus and plasma processed object |
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| FR2959906A1 (en) | 2011-11-11 |
| EP2567599A1 (en) | 2013-03-13 |
| WO2011138525A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 |
| EP2567599B1 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
| FR2959906B1 (en) | 2012-05-04 |
| CN103229601B (en) | 2017-03-01 |
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