Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of anode material for lithium-ion batteries spinel-type nickel ion doped, mixed by the liquid phase of lithium nickel manganese, realize material homogeneous, by controlling water-heat process, obtain the granular precursor of suitable size, pattern, sintering obtains nickel ion doped material.
The present invention prepares anode material for lithium-ion batteries spinel-type nickel ion doped in accordance with the following steps:
One, Li:Ni:Mn=1 ~ 1.1:0.5:1.5 claims lithium source, nickel source and manganese source in molar ratio, is dissolved in deionized water, stirs and obtain solution A;
Two, add in solution A
entera certain amount of additive, lithium salts and additive mol ratio are 0.1 ~ 1, stir and obtain solution B;
Three, under room temperature, while stirring, slowly drip a certain amount of precipitation reagent in solution B, lithium salts and precipitation reagent mol ratio are 0.1 ~ 0.4, obtain mixture C;
Four, transfer in hydrothermal reaction kettle by mixture C, at 120 ~ 240 DEG C, react 5 ~ 15 h, then at 60 ~ 80 DEG C, stir evaporation, drying obtains presoma;
Five, presoma is put into Muffle furnace air atmosphere, pre-burning 3 ~ 8 h at 300 ~ 500 DEG C, be then warming up to 700 ~ 1000 DEG C of calcining 8 ~ 20 h, with the cooling of the speed of 0.5 ~ 1 DEG C/min, obtain nickel ion doped material.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described lithium source is one or more the mixture in lithium acetate, lithium nitrate, lithium ethoxide, lithium formate, lithium carbonate.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described nickel source is one or both the mixture in nickel acetate, carbonyl nickel, nickel formate and nickel nitrate.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described manganese source is one or both the mixture in manganese acetate, formic acid manganese and manganese nitrate.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described additive is one or both the mixture in ethanol, polyethylene glycol, oxalic acid, polyacrylic acid, 2-ethyl acetic acid, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, 1,2,4-1H-triazole and resorcinol.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described precipitation reagent is one or both the mixture in carbonic hydroammonium, ammonium carbonate, urea and ammonium oxalate.
The present invention is by lithium-containing compound, and containing manganese compound, nickel compound containing dissolves simultaneously, instead of after add lithium source, make lithium nickel manganese three kinds of compound even, and accurately can control material rate; After adding precipitation reagent, being precipitated as in water-heat process further precipitation containing manganese and providing nucleus of generation; Control the particle that hydrothermal condition can obtain different size, reduce metal salt concentrations, improve hydrothermal temperature and extend the hydro-thermal time, product particle size can be made to increase; Adopt different additives, the material of different-shape can be obtained, or prepare porous material; This method without filtration, water-washing step, synthesis technique economical environment-protective.
Nickel ion doped material granule prepared by the present invention is even, for spinel structure, degree of crystallinity is high, electrochemical performance, voltage platform is about 4.7,130 ~ 142mAh/g, 120 ~ 135 mAh/g and 105 ~ 120mAh/g can be reached with specific capacity during 1C, 2C and 5C multiplying power discharging, there is good high rate performance and cycle performance.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: present embodiment prepares nickel ion doped material in accordance with the following steps:
Take 0.021mol Li (CH
3cOO), 0.01mol Ni (CH
3cOO)
2with 0.03mol Mn (CH
3cOO)
2, be dissolved in 50ml deionized water, stir; Then add 10ml absolute ethyl alcohol, stir; While stirring, slowly drip the ammonium bicarbonate soln of 50ml 2mol/L.
Above mixture is transferred to 200ml hydrothermal reaction kettle, at 180 DEG C, reacts 5h, then at 80 DEG C, stir evaporation, dry, obtain presoma.
Above presoma is placed in Muffle furnace, and pre-burning 4h at 400 DEG C, calcines 10h at 800 DEG C, then with the cooling of the speed of 0.5 DEG C/min, obtains nickel ion doped material.
As Figure 1-3, nickel ion doped material granule size prepared by present embodiment is about 1 μm, when discharging with 0.2C, 1C, 5C and 15C, specific capacity can reach 140.1mAh/g, 138.2mAh/g, 118.4mAh/g and 96.8mAh/g, has good high rate performance and cycle performance.
Embodiment two: present embodiment prepares nickel ion doped material in accordance with the following steps:
Take 0.021mol Li (CH
3cOO), 0.01mol Ni (CH
3cOO)
2, 0.03mol Mn (CH
3cOO)
2, be dissolved in 50ml deionized water, stir; Then add 10ml absolute ethyl alcohol, stir; While stirring, slowly drip the ammonium bicarbonate soln of 50ml 2mol/L.
Above mixture is transferred to 200ml hydrothermal reaction kettle, at 160 DEG C, reacts 3h, then at 80 DEG C, stir evaporation, dry, obtain presoma.
Above presoma is placed in Muffle furnace, and pre-burning 3h at 400 DEG C, calcines 12h at 800 DEG C, and then lower the temperature with 0.5 DEG C/min, obtain nickel ion doped material, material granule size is about 0.5 μm.When discharging with 1C and 5C, specific capacity can reach 142mAh/g and 120mAh/g, has good high rate performance and cycle performance.
Embodiment three: present embodiment prepares nickel ion doped material in accordance with the following steps:
Take 0.01mol Li (CH
3cOO), 0.005mol Ni (CH
3cOO)
2, 0.015mol Mn (CH
3cOO)
2, be dissolved in 50ml deionized water, stir; Add 10ml absolute ethyl alcohol, stir; While stirring, slowly drip the ammonium bicarbonate soln of 50ml 1mol/L.
Above mixture is transferred to 200ml hydrothermal reaction kettle, at 180 DEG C, reacts 5h, then at 80 DEG C, stir evaporation, dry, obtain presoma.
Above presoma is placed in Muffle furnace, and pre-burning 4h at 400 DEG C, calcines 10h at 800 DEG C, and then lower the temperature with 0.5 DEG C/min, obtain nickel ion doped material, material granule size is about 2 μm.When discharging with 1C and 5C, specific capacity can reach 135mAh/g and 105.5mAh/g, has good high rate performance and cycle performance.
Embodiment four: present embodiment prepares nickel ion doped material in accordance with the following steps:
Take 0.021mol Li (CH
3cOO), 0.01mol Ni (CH
3cOO)
2, 0.03mol Mn (CH
3cOO)
2, be dissolved in 50ml deionized water, stir; Add 5ml polyethylene glycol and 0.5g oxalic acid, stir; While stirring, slowly drip the ammonium bicarbonate soln of 50ml 2mol/L.
Above mixture is transferred to 200ml hydrothermal reaction kettle, at 180 DEG C, reacts 5h, then at 80 DEG C, stir evaporation, dry, obtain presoma.
Above presoma is placed in Muffle furnace, and pre-burning 4h at 400 DEG C, calcines 10h at 800 DEG C, then lowers the temperature with 0.5 DEG C/min, obtains nickel ion doped material, and granule-morphology is octahedra.When discharging with 1C and 5C, specific capacity can reach 138mAh/g and 115.5mAh/g, has good high rate performance and cycle performance.
Embodiment five: present embodiment prepares nickel ion doped material in accordance with the following steps:
Take 0.021mol Li (CH
3cOO), 0.01mol Ni (CH
3cOO)
2, 0.03mol Mn (CH
3cOO)
2, be dissolved in 50ml deionized water, stir; Add 0.02mol 1,2,4-1H-triazole, stir; Stir, slowly drip the ammonium bicarbonate soln of 50ml 2mol/L.
Above mixture is transferred to 200ml hydrothermal reaction kettle, at 180 DEG C, reacts 5h, then at 80 DEG C, stir evaporation, dry, obtain presoma.
Above presoma is placed in Muffle furnace, and pre-burning 4h at 400 DEG C, calcines 10h at 800 DEG C, then lowers the temperature with 0.5 DEG C/min, obtains nickel ion doped material, and granule-morphology is cube.When discharging with 1C and 5C, specific capacity can reach 138.2mAh/g and 110.5mAh/g, has good high rate performance and cycle performance.
Embodiment six: present embodiment prepares nickel ion doped material in accordance with the following steps:
Take 0.021mol Li (CH
3cOO), 0.01mol Ni (CH
3cOO)
2, 0.03mol Mn (CH
3cOO)
2, be dissolved in 50ml deionized water, stir; Add 0.1mol resorcinol, stir; While stirring, slowly drip the ammonium bicarbonate soln of 50ml 2mol/L.
Above mixture is transferred to 200ml hydrothermal reaction kettle, at 180 DEG C, reacts 5h, then at 80 DEG C, stir evaporation, dry, obtain presoma.
Above presoma is placed in Muffle furnace, and pre-burning 4h at 400 DEG C, calcines 10h at 800 DEG C, then lowers the temperature with 0.5 DEG C/min, obtains the nickel ion doped material of porous.When discharging with 1C and 5C, specific capacity can reach 141mAh/g and 119.5mAh/g, has good high rate performance and cycle performance.
Embodiment seven: present embodiment prepares nickel ion doped material in accordance with the following steps:
Take 0.021mol lithium nitrate, 0.01mol nickel nitrate, 0.03mol manganese acetate, be dissolved in 50ml deionized water, stir; Add 5ml polyethylene glycol and 0.5g oxalic acid, stir; While stirring, slowly drip the ammonium bicarbonate soln of 25ml 1mol/L and the sal volatile of 25ml 1mol/L.
Above mixture is transferred to 200ml hydrothermal reaction kettle, at 180 DEG C, reacts 5h, then at 80 DEG C, stir evaporation, dry, obtain presoma.
Above presoma is placed in Muffle furnace, and pre-burning 4h at 400 DEG C, calcines 10h at 800 DEG C, then lowers the temperature with 0.5 DEG C/min, obtains nickel ion doped material, and granule-morphology is octahedra.When discharging with 1C and 5C, specific capacity can reach 139mAh/g and 116mAh/g, has good high rate performance and cycle performance.
Embodiment eight: present embodiment prepares nickel ion doped material in accordance with the following steps:
Take 0.021mol lithium carbonate, 0.01mol nickel acetate, 0.03mol manganese nitrate, be dissolved in 50ml deionized water, stir; Add 5ml polyethylene glycol and 0.5g oxalic acid, stir; While stirring, slowly drip the sal volatile of 50ml 2mol/L.
Above mixture is transferred to 200ml hydrothermal reaction kettle, at 180 DEG C, reacts 5h, then at 80 DEG C, stir evaporation, dry, obtain presoma.
Above presoma is placed in Muffle furnace, and pre-burning 4h at 400 DEG C, calcines 10h at 800 DEG C, then lowers the temperature with 0.5 DEG C/min, obtains nickel ion doped material, and granule-morphology is octahedra.When discharging with 1C and 5C, specific capacity can reach 136mAh/g and 108mAh/g, has good high rate performance and cycle performance.
Embodiment nine: present embodiment prepares nickel ion doped material in accordance with the following steps:
Take 0.01mol lithium carbonate and 0.01mol lithium formate, 0.01mol nickel acetate, 0.02mol manganese nitrate and 0.01mol manganese acetate, be dissolved in 50ml deionized water, stir; Add 5ml polyethylene glycol and 0.5g oxalic acid, stir; While stirring, add 0.05mol urea.
Above mixture is transferred to 200ml hydrothermal reaction kettle, at 180 DEG C, reacts 5h, then at 80 DEG C, stir evaporation, dry, obtain presoma.
Above presoma is placed in Muffle furnace, and pre-burning 4h at 400 DEG C, calcines 10h at 800 DEG C, then lowers the temperature with 0.5 DEG C/min, obtains nickel ion doped material, and granule-morphology is octahedra.When discharging with 1C and 5C, specific capacity can reach 136mAh/g and 108mAh/g, has good high rate performance and cycle performance.