CN103222147B - Context aware battery charging - Google Patents

Context aware battery charging Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103222147B
CN103222147B CN201080070271.4A CN201080070271A CN103222147B CN 103222147 B CN103222147 B CN 103222147B CN 201080070271 A CN201080070271 A CN 201080070271A CN 103222147 B CN103222147 B CN 103222147B
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China
Prior art keywords
charging
battery
equipment
rechargeable battery
charge
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CN201080070271.4A
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CN103222147A (en
Inventor
R·S·贝里奎斯特
K·S·瓦卢
M·J·特鲁伯格
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Nokia Technologies Oy
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Nokia Technologies Oy
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/006—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to power outlets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus comprising monitoring unit (102) and a charging control unit (104). The monitoring unit is configured to monitor at least one data acquisition source of a device (100) operated by a rechargeable battery (114) and to estimate a context of the device based on data acquired from the at least one data acquisition source. The charging control unit (104) is configured to dynamically adjust charging voltage and charging current applied to the rechargeable battery (114) based on the estimated context of the device acquired from the monitoring unit (102). The battery (114) comprises at least one battery cell.

Description

Context aware battery charges
Technical field
Present invention relates generally to intelligent battery charging technique, and more particularly relate to be based at least partially on and set Standby situation（context）The method and apparatus that intelligently battery operated device is charged.
Background technology
Routinely by using constant current-constant pressure（CC-CV）Method is charged to the rechargeable battery based on lithium.Charge Voltage rapidly rises to battery cell upper voltage limit, usually 4.2Vpc（Per monomer（cell）Voltage）, and and then keep In the level.Monomer electric current keeps constant with the rising of charging voltage, and opens when charging voltage reaches upper limit level Begin to decline.When charging current reaches indicates fully charged predetermined minimum current point, charging current is cut off.
All of battery is respectively provided with the limited life-span.The charge rate of rechargeable battery has very to the life length of battery It is big to affect.Quick charge causes the joule heating effect of monomer to increase due to being related to higher electric current, and higher temperature is entered And the speed of chemical conversion process is increased.Continually quick charge will cause battery cell over loading, and this causes them to become It is fragile, until it is finally out of order and shortens battery life.Charging modes directly affect charge rate and further affect The battery vital stage.In conventional charging process, charging behavior is typically independent of outside other in addition to battery types and temperature Portion's parameter.Battery of today is widely used in various battery powered end user devices, for example, Portable movable electricity Words, car phone, video camera, laptop computer etc..Short battery life will cause poor Consumer's Experience.Jing is often changed can be again Rechargeable battery is expensive.
The content of the invention
The various aspects of example of the present invention are elaborated in the claims.
According to the first aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of including monitoring means and the device of charging control unit.Monitoring Unit be configured to monitor by rechargeable battery drive equipment at least one data acquisition source, and based on from it is described to The data that a few data acquisition source obtains are estimating the situation of the equipment.Charging control unit is configured to be based on from monitoring The estimation situation of the equipment that unit is obtained, dynamic adjustment is applied to the charging voltage of the rechargeable battery and the electricity that charges Stream.The battery includes at least one battery cell.
According to the second aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of method, including：Monitor the equipment driven by rechargeable battery At least one data acquisition source, and estimate the equipment based on the data obtained from least one data acquisition source Situation；And the estimation situation based on the equipment obtained from monitoring means, dynamic adjustment be applied to the rechargeable The charging voltage and charging current of battery.The battery includes at least one battery cell.
According to the third aspect of the invention we, there is provided a kind of including at least one processor and the dress of at least one memorizer Put, at least one memorizer includes computer program code.At least one memorizer and the computer program generation Code is configured to using at least one processor so that described device is at least performed：Monitor what is driven by rechargeable battery At least one data acquisition source of equipment, and estimate described based on the data obtained from least one data acquisition source The situation of equipment；And the estimation situation based on the equipment obtained from monitoring means, dynamic adjustment be applied to it is described can be again The charging voltage and charging current of rechargeable battery.The battery includes at least one battery cell.
According to the fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of device, including：Driven by rechargeable battery for monitoring At least one data acquisition source of equipment, and estimate described based on the data obtained from least one data acquisition source The component of the situation of equipment；And for the estimation situation based on the equipment obtained from monitoring means, dynamic adjustment application To the charging voltage and the component of charging current of the rechargeable battery.The battery includes at least one battery cell.
Description of the drawings
In order to be more fully appreciated with the example embodiment of the present invention, following description is referred to presently in connection with accompanying drawing, in accompanying drawing In：
Fig. 1 be according to example embodiment include for rechargeable battery is carried out context aware charging device by The diagram of the equipment that rechargeable battery is powered.
Fig. 2（a）Be according to example embodiment illustrate according to cell voltage carry out having ready conditions charging method flow chart；
Fig. 2（b）It is the method that the charging that carries out having ready conditions according to the ambient temperature of battery is illustrated according to example embodiment Flow chart；
Fig. 3 provides illustrating for herein below according to example embodiment：（a）Battery in conventional CC-CV charges Voltage is corresponding with the time, and（b）Battery current during conventional CC-CV charges is corresponding with the time；
Fig. 4 is the flow chart that the method that context aware charges is shown according to example embodiment.
Specific embodiment
Understand the example embodiment and its potential advantage of the present invention by referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 of accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 be according to example embodiment include for battery is carried out context aware charging device by rechargeable Battery 114（Generally referred to as battery）The diagram of the equipment 100 of power supply.The equipment includes：Monitoring means 102, it is configured All parts and corresponding activity for monitoring device；Charging control unit 104, it is configured to be based on from monitoring means 102 information for obtaining, control from charger interface（IF）112 charging voltages and charging current for arriving battery 114.For example, Charger IF112 can have the inhomogeneity of such as automobile power source charger, wall plug charger or micro USB charger Type.For mode motor charges, it can be by monitoring movable sensor 110, automobile connection activity 120（For example it is bluetooth, wireless LAN（WLAN）Or third generation connection）Or power adapter of the automobile 112 is being identified.The monitoring clock 106 of unit 102, announcement Alert device 108, the user interface 122 of the calendar 118, connection activity 120 or equipment of at least one sensor 110, user.Monitoring is single Unit 102 to communicate with charger IF112 and including the battery 114 of at least one battery cell, and be able to can monitor such as The charge parameter of voltage, electric current or temperature etc., or the type of mark battery.Battery 114 includes guard plate 116, guard plate 116 It is configured to monitor the charge/discharge of battery, and prevents peril from occurring based on different safety criterions.Obviously, own Different safety criterion dominations（overrule）All of charging algorithm.Equipment 100 can be any battery supply set, all Such as by battery-driven laptop computer, mobile phone, personal auxiliary equipment.
Fig. 2（a）Be according to example embodiment illustrate according to cell voltage carry out having ready conditions charging method flow chart. In the exemplary embodiment, when charger IF112 depends on battery 114, battery is monitored by monitoring means 102 in step 210 114 condition.In step 211, if it is noted that battery bringing onto load voltage falls below predetermined threshold voltage Vt（For example Battery cutout voltage（It is～2.5V for the battery based on lithium, but changes with manufacturer））, then battery quilt Over-discharge and be considered as low-voltage.In the step 212, then using low charging current IchargePreliminary filling is carried out to battery Electricity.For the rechargeable battery based on lithium, according to industrial standard generally receive the charge rate from 0.2C to 0.7C to start to fill Electricity, wherein " C " represents the battery capacity per 1 hour.For example, the battery capacity for 1000mAh, Icharge=700mA.Even if permitting Perhaps higher charge rate 0.7C, the over-discharge caused by quick charge is restored will cause potential breaking-up to battery.Preliminary filling Electricity Functional is typically preferred.Depending on the degree of over-discharge, can be by using low charging current IchargeCarry out very little The heart recharges to recover battery capacity.For safety point of view, high-capacity battery is generally used for the precharge that low current starts. If there is no corresponding rising in cell voltage, then it represents that short circuit is there may be in battery.This can be by depositing in detection battery Internally resistance is identifying.
In practice, all real batteries all have internal resistance or the impedance depending on used battery chemicals Rin, this is inevitable.When by IchargeWhen being applied to rechargeable battery, cell voltage is jumped to from non-loaded floating voltage Only by RinThe pseudo- voltage of contribution.According to basic Ohm's law：
Rin=Ujump/I0,
Wherein, UjumpIt is when offer initial charge current I0When, from non-loaded floating voltage to only by RinThe puppet electricity of contribution The voltage jump of pressure.In the exemplary embodiment, voltage jump can occur 0.5 second after charging starts, and in step 213 Detect internal battery impedance Rin.If necessary to quick charge, then cell voltage is caused due to the unexpected increase of charging current Increase quite fast, so as to overwhelm RinImpact.When being used on battery without charging current, need to consider RinOn Voltage decline.Work as IchargeWhen reaching the termination electric current that instruction battery is fully charged, voltage decline is typically very little, and And can be ignored.Internal resistance RinIncrease with the age of battery, but for most of battery types, its scope Several ohm are changed to from part ohm.Preferably in each time Estimate R for chargingin。
Then charging current I in step 214chargeIncrease to normal charge rate, for example, for CC charging processes, IchargeIt is highest allowable for 0.7C.Cell voltage VbatAccordingly increase also as charging current.In step 215, battery is worked as Voltage VbatIt is optimal constant voltage VocvWhen, normal CV charging processes are started in the step 216.For normal CV fills Electricity, VocvUpper voltage limit typically smaller than per monomer, preferably close to the boundary, for example, for the battery based on lithium is 4.2Vpc.Then charging current begins to decline, until reaching the termination electric current for indicating that battery is fully charged.
Fig. 3 provides illustrating for herein below according to example embodiment：（a）Battery in conventional CC-CV charges Voltage is corresponding with the time, and（b）Battery current during conventional CC-CV charges is corresponding with the time.Wish have more Gently（lenient）Charging start and milder charging " flex point（knee）”." flex point " is charged corresponding to such as Fig. 3 （a）In indicated high voltage and high current transition period, and battery cell is had heavily stressed（stress）.For gently filling Electricity, is not that the maximum that charging current suddenly increases to be charged for CC can be allowed into charging current, but in step 214, can With by charging current IchargeGradually increase.Optimum constant voltage VocvNot necessarily it is close to the upper voltage limit per monomer and can be with It is predefined, for example, VocvIt is for example to consider RinOn voltage decline after battery is almost charged 80% voltage. For example, for the upper limit and R in 4.2VpcinOn 0.1V voltages decline in the case of 3.1Vpc is filled based on the battery of lithium For electricity, when the cell voltage of every monomer is 4.0V, it is electrically charged 80%.Charging current in such a way is than routine CC-CV chargings begin to decline must be early, until reaching termination electric current.It is gentle charge the quick expanded in volume that limits in electrode or The impact of contraction, and eliminate the high-tension combination of high current occurred at charging flex point if being far from it.Additionally, gentle Charging promotes relatively low resistive losses, when this is for there is in the battery local temporary stress phenomenon（That is, with remaining extension compared with Few material control, the local area with higher temperature improves local mechanical autgmentability）It is particularly important.Gentle charging is also permitted Perhaps smoother transition, which prevent local stress fracture（That is, the difference between elasticity and plastic deformation）.Gentle charging is compared Spend longer time that battery is fully charged in normal charge.For example in some environments, user is not immediately required to battery drive Dynamic equipment need not be fully charged by battery, and gentle charging extends the life-span of battery and do not damage Consumer's Experience.
Fig. 2（b）It is the method that the charging that carries out having ready conditions according to the ambient temperature of battery is illustrated according to example embodiment Flow chart.In the exemplary embodiment, monitoring temperature sensor 110 in a step 220.High ambient temperature exceeds can battery Its safe operating temperature boundary, and low battery temperature then reduces charge acceptance, even if fully charged be applied to battery. If detecting ambient temperature T of battery in step 221tempLess than predetermined room temperature scope or value（For example at 20 DEG C -30 DEG C Between or at 27 DEG C）, then before beginning is charged normal, in step 222 preliminary filling is carried out to battery using low charging current Electricity.Charging process improves the joule heating effect of battery due to involved charging current and internal resistance, and causes electricity Pond temperature is raised.As previously indicated, the internal driving of battery can be immediately measured after precharge starts in step 223 Rin.Battery temperature TtempTo raise with precharge.Then battery temperature T is based in step 224tempChange and adjust Charging current Icharge.If in step 225 battery temperature reaches normal room temperature, will start in step 226 normal Charging process.Otherwise, charging current is based on battery temperature constantly self adjustment.In step 221, if battery temperature is caused Battery has acceptable charge acceptance, such as at room temperature, then will immediately begin in step 226 normally charge Journey.Obviously, conditional charging will take for longer time compared with the normal charge of any full-scale condition of battery is not considered, But battery has obtained the less chemical stress from high charge current, so as to extend the life-span.Due to the loss companion of battery Charge with having ready conditions and reduce, therefore the internal resistance of monomer will keep very low, and the capacity for retaining is within the long term Optimum discharge time will be maintained.
Now, battery is charged and is generally controlled by voltage, electric current and temperature.The charging row of conventional CC-CV charging methods It is independently of other external parameters in addition to battery types and temperature.The tune to charge parameter is there may be during charging Section.However, charge parameter is fixed（For example, jumping in the range of between each rank effectively）, and except temperature and electricity Pressure is outer not to account for other conditions.Even if temperature has coarse adjustment granularity, the adjustment granularity is in the regulation of charge parameter Enough accuracies are not provided yet.
From the point of view of customer-side, most of user mainly charges at night.This is easily informed in night according to clock 106 Time.It is therefore possible to not damaging any Consumer's Experience with extra gentle charging.It is assumed that user is not required to during night Equipment is wanted, avoids the need for providing for the full charge rate charged at night, no matter expending 1 because charging1/2Hour still 6 hours, Consumer's Experience does not have difference.If the vital stage of battery can extend by that way, will be with the time and improve use Family quality of experience and strengthen Brand Recognition degree.Can be provided in night detection user relative motion mechanism, and and if only if Initialization when needing is charged faster.Can be with it is assumed that user be only in short time using accelerating in the case of charger to charge. Can will be used for rational plan of charging from the input of the wake-up alarm of equipment, and guarantee the battery in equipment when waking up Carve fully charged, and before this it may have relatively low target voltage.Wish gentle by carrying out when user is without activity Charging intelligently adjusting charge parameter and improve battery life.
From the point of view of the one side of the surrounding for charging, by monitoring such as movable sensor 110, automobile connection activity 120（Such as bluetooth connection）Or for example charger recognizes charging adapter 112, the place that battery is electrically charged is commonly known 's.Generally need maintenance to charge generally to maintain the full capacity of battery, and when cell voltage reaches specific rank Triggering maintenance charges.If it is known that vehicle travel is of about 1-2 hours, or driving is the occupation of user, then reduce Maintenance charging trigger voltage or the voltage at the end of CC charges（Or the voltage when CV charges beginning）Possibly have Profit.
From the point of view of the another aspect of the surrounding for charging, by monitoring temperature sensor 110, the temperature of charging environment is led to It is often known.When ambient temperature is close 0 DEG C, juice point is in the extra electrochemistry and mechanical stress condition for battery In.Nowadays charging algorithm only limits the upper voltage limit of the every monomer charged for low temperature, but charging current but much more significant, Especially under conditions of being close to electric discharge completely and charging.Charging current is adjusted in entire protocol possible and unwise, because As described above, this will cause stress to increase.Wish that there is the charging scheme of intelligence, extended by adjusting charge parameter step by step Battery life, and do not damage Consumer's Experience.
Context aware charges and considers the behavior of user and the surrounding of charging correspondingly to adjust charging current. By monitoring different pieces of information acquiring unit（Such as clock 106, warner 108, user's calendar 118, sensor 110, connection activity 120 etc.）, the behavior of user can be detected.Learning algorithm can also be used for self adaptation.
Fig. 4 is the stream that the method that the context aware compared with the unknown charging of situation charges is shown according to example embodiment Cheng Tu.In step 400, monitoring means 102 communicate from different pieces of information acquiring unit and obtain different information.In step 401 In, it is not known that be then not in pre-charge process about any situation of battery context, and charging current voltage will be conditioned For maximum.In step 402, maximum charging current I is determinedcharge_max, and I is proceeded by step 403charge_max In the case of CC charge.With soft（soft）The charging of " flex point " need not perceive environment.It is unnecessary to wish to avoid as far as possible High voltage and high current occasion is to reduce the chemical stress during charging on battery cell.For soft " flex point " charges, by Voltage gradually is adjusted or increased until it reaches upper limit V of the cell voltage charged for conventional CVmaxOr for gentle charging Vocv.Can be defined by the user and how to be incrementally increased voltage.Soft " flex point " voltage V in step 404soft_kneeIt is triggering The specific voltage that soft " flex point " in step 405 charges.In a step 406, V is worked asbatReach upper limit V of cell voltagemaxWhen, In step 407, with constant VmaxWith reduce charging current start CV charge, to maintain battery in full energy, until User pulls up charger IF112 from charging control unit 104.
In step 401, if device-aware is to any information that can affect the regulation to charge parameter, such as battery The activity setting of user in voltage, battery sizes and type, current time, alarm clock setting, charge mode or environment, calendar, then As described above, will start in low I in step 409chargeIn the case of precharge, and in step 410 in initial electricity The internal driving of battery is measured at pressure saltus step.In step 411, the perception situation related to charging current regulation is then based on Update charging current Icharge.There are many factors can intelligently affect charging current Icharge.According to example embodiment, pass through Following formula is defining charging current：
Icharge=Ips×Fcbat×Ftemp×Fsoc×Fnight×Fknee,
Wherein IpsIt is the maximum current supplied from the power supply of charger IF112.Five differences are considered when being determined The factor.Relatively low temperature increased the charging interval and reduce charge acceptance.FtempIt is for correcting temperature to filling The factor of the impact of electric current, for example, when temperature is at 0 DEG C or more than 45 DEG C, FtempEqual to 0.5, when temperature is at 15 DEG C -30 DEG C When, FtempEqual to 1, when temperature is more than 30 DEG C, FtempEqual to 0.8, and when temperature is more than maximum charge temperature limit（For example 60℃）When, FtempEqual to 0.FsocIt is for charged state（SOC）The factor.SOC indicates the residual charge of battery, and receives To it is many different the reason for（Such as temperature or baitery age）Impact.For example, battery can not necessarily receive fully charged, i.e., Make at low temperature its be instructed to it is fully charged；Or fully charged aged monomer can have 80% effective charging capacity.SOC also shadows Charge efficiency is rung, so that needing correspondingly to evaluate charging current.Factor FsocCan be by linearly from 3.4V floating voltages （That is, non-loaded cell voltage）The 0.5 of place is adjusted to 1 at 3.7V floating voltages.If request quick charge, this can not Give consideration.FcbatIt is the correction factor of the maximum allowable charging current for battery.There is I for maximumps×Fcbat=950mA The battery based on lithium for, it may not tolerate the charging current higher than 950mA.Substantially, this can accommodate electricity Pond compared with large span in the case of account for, such as in the case of the charging current of the charger from 400mA to 1500mA The battery capacity of 800mAh to 2000mAh.Factor FnightConsider the behavior of user.If noticed just half from clock 106 Night and user no instruction specifically plan in calendar 118, then if by the way that charging current is reduced into half（That is Fnight =0.5）And make battery floating voltage more than 4.0V, then can adjust Icharge。FkneeIt is to smooth " to be turned for the gentle charging charged The adjustment factor of point ".For example, it is how soft depending on charging " flex point ", can be by FkneeLinearly 1 from 4.0V is adjusted to At 4.2V 0.5.Based on IchargeAnd the information of battery capacity BatCap, estimation is possible in step 412 how long be will take for Time is fully charged by battery, i.e. tend=BatCap/Icharge.It is have enough energy after fully charging that maintenance charges With substantially not by the balance between battery severe attrition.This is particularly suited for equipment being stayed in charger during daytime People, for example, it is adaptable to taxi driver.By using the intelligent charge of context aware, can adjust maintenance charge or Maintenance is avoided to charge completely, so that battery will not be because of the long-time high voltage and high current during maintenance charges Serious consume.
In step 413, using updated IchargeProceed context aware charging, until battery in step 414 Voltage reaches Vsoft_knee, it triggers in step 415 interactive knee adapt charging.In step 416, if cell voltage reach it is predetermined Vocv, then I is maintained in step 417chargeAnd start CV charging processes, until cell voltage reaches the upper limit.In step 418 In, if not needing extra gentle charging, the complete charge process in step 421.Otherwise, if based on newest profile Detect in tend（It is still in the front some time）Before user does not need battery operated device 100, and for example, user sleeps Feel or carry out long drives, then in step 419 charging process will suspend, until before expected charging process terminates not Long.Maintenance charge cycle between this causes the time-out for charging and restarts is minimized.Charging process due to self discharge end After only, the floating voltage of battery begins to decline.At step 420, normal CC-CV charging processes start and guarantee tendPlace is ready for fully charged battery.
In the example of context aware charging scenarios, perceive：At noon, with 1200mAh capacity and 4.2Vpc The battery of limit is in room temperature；Cell voltage is low, and does not have loaded floating voltage to be 3.5V；And in the supply of maximum power supply In the case of electric current 1200mA battery is charged using AC-10 adapters.It is defined by the user：Ftemp=1（For room temperature）, Fsoc =0.85, Fnight=1（Because daytime charges）, Fknee=1（It is assumed that this is the normal charging process without soft " flex point "）.According to work Industry standard, the 0.7C charge rates charged for CC are permitted for the battery with 1200mAh capacity.Therefore, maximum charge electricity Flow for Ips×Fcbat=0.7 × 1200mA, and by Fcbat=Ips×Fcbat/1200（For the situation, it is equal to 0.7）To comment Fixed allowed charging current.Charge it is initial according in initial voltage increase measured afterwards in such as 0.5 second come computing impedance, Then IchargeIt is defined as 0.7 × 1200 × 1 × 0.85 × 1 × 1=714mA.Cell voltage is in IchargeConstant current be in CC increases during charging, until it reaches 4.2Vpc.Then the charging in the case of CV starts, until IchargeIt is electric less than terminating Stream, the 10% of such as maximum charging current（Ips×Fcbat/10）.It is assumed that soft " flex point " charging is defined, and Fknee=0.5, Vocv=4.2Vpc, then charging current is by linear reduction half（That is, 357mA）And maintain during CC charges, until battery electricity Pressure reaches 4.2Vpc.Charger starts to be charged battery at the contact voltage of 4.2V, until voltage drops to initially most The 10% of big charging current（Ips×Fcbat/20）, it indicates that battery is fully charged.
In another example of context aware charging scenarios, it is assumed that the 23 of night:00, place has at room temperature The capacity and the upper limit of 1500mAh is that AC-10 charger of the battery of 4.2Vpc by maximum power supply for induced current 1200mA is carried out Charge.Before charge, battery is low and non-loaded floating voltage is 3.5V.According to industrial standard, it is allowed to the charge rate of 0.7C For the battery with 1500mAh capacity.By Ips×Fcbat=0.7 × 1500 determining maximum charging current.Maximum allowable Charging current can pass through Fcbat=Ips×Fcbat/1200（For the situation, it is equal to 0.87）To be evaluated.Additionally, passing through User defines：For soft " flex point " charges, Ftemp=1, Fsoc=1, Fnight=0.5（Night hours）, Fknee=0.5, Vocv=4.0Vpc （Battery is electrically charged 80%）.The initial basis that the charges initial voltage increase measured afterwards at 0.5 second is come computing impedance.Pass through 0.87 × 1200 × 1 × 1 × 1 × 0.5=522mA is determining charge rate.In IchargeCC in the case of=522mA charges and starts, directly 4.0Vpc is reached to cell voltage, then because user is not intended that at short notice with equipment 100（For example, user is in sleep） And suspend and charge.Before user just will wake up, in IchargeIn the case of to battery continue charge, until cell voltage reaches 4.2Vpc.In IchargeContinued to battery charging by CV in the case of decline, until electric current has dropped to initial maximum charging electricity The 10% of stream, it is Ips×Fcbat/20.Empirically rule, for the battery that defined above and halfway is charged to 3.8V, fills Electricity completes that general 2 hours may be spent.
In some example embodiments, user can also be indicated when desirably in setting for charging by user interface 122 It is standby to be fully charged, or user more likes which type of charging, such as charges normal, charging of having ready conditions, gently charging, situation Perceive and charge or quick charge.
In the scope without the claim occurred below limiting by any way, in the case of explaining or applying, One or more example embodiments disclosed in this have the technical effect that by provide between battery life and utilisable energy most It is possible to compromise with obtaining more preferable Consumer's Experience.Another technology effect of one or more example embodiments disclosed herein Fruit is charged or avoids carrying out thin slow charging completely come carefully delaying for allowing adaptation to property using context aware charging.Disclosed in here Another of one or more example embodiments have the technical effect that：Along with reduced using night perception electrical source consumption its His power management spontaneity, user will always have in the morning or when needed the battery being full of.
Embodiments of the invention can be in software, hardware, the combination using logic or software, hardware and using logic Realize.Software, may reside within battery operated device using logic and/or hardware.If desired, partial software, should May reside within any wireless network services with logic and/or hardware.In the exemplary embodiment, using logic, software or instruction set It is maintained in any one of various conventional computer computer-readable recording mediums.In the context of this document, " computer-readable is situated between Matter " can be contained, store, transmit, propagate or transmit for by instruction execution system, device or equipment（Such as computer, One example is described in Fig. 1 and the computer of description）Using or combined command execution system, device or equipment（Such as Computer a, example is described in Fig. 1 and the computer of description）Come any medium of instruction for using or component.Calculate Machine computer-readable recording medium can include computer-readable recording medium, its can be can contain or store for by instruction execution system, Device or equipment（Such as computer）Using or combined command execution system, device or equipment（Such as computer）Come what is used Any medium or component of instruction.
If it is desired, it is possible to perform the difference in functionality discussed at this according to different order and/or concurrently with each other. Further, if desired, one or more functions described above can be optional or can be combined.
Although elaborating various aspects of the invention in the independent claim, other aspects of the present invention include coming From described embodiment and/or the feature with independent claims dependent claims other combinations of features, and not The combination being only expressly recited in claim.
It is also noted herein that, although the example embodiment of the present invention is the foregoing described, but should not be come in limiting sense Treat these descriptions.But, can carry out in the case of without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims Some variants and modifications.

Claims (16)

1. a kind of device of the equipment charge to being driven by rechargeable battery, it includes：
Monitoring means, it is configured to monitor at least one data acquisition of the equipment driven by the rechargeable battery Source, and the situation of the equipment is estimated based on the data obtained from least one data acquisition source, wherein described set Standby situation includes when energetically using the User Activity of the equipment to predict user；
Charging control unit, it is configured to the estimation situation based on the equipment obtained from the monitoring means, and dynamic is adjusted The whole charging voltage and charging current for being applied to the rechargeable battery,
Wherein described rechargeable battery includes at least one battery cell.
2. device according to claim 1, wherein the charging control unit be configured to determine it is desired The end of charge cycle.
3. device according to claim 2, wherein rechargeable battery quilt at the end of desired charge cycle It is fully charged.
4. device according to claim 1, wherein the situation of the equipment include the temperature of the rechargeable battery and Residual voltage.
5. device according to claim 1, wherein the situation of the equipment includes the charging ring of the rechargeable battery Border.
6. device according to claim 1, wherein, by including constant current (CC) charging process and constant voltage (CV) The charging process of charging process is charged to the rechargeable battery.
7. device according to claim 6, wherein the constant current charge process includes maximum charging voltage, and institute State charging control unit to be configured to：At least determined based on the internal driving of constant charge current and the battery The maximum charging voltage.
8. device according to claim 7, wherein the maximum charging voltage be based on affect charging current it is predetermined because Son carries out the voltage of part charging to the battery.
9. device according to claim 6, wherein the charging process is further included：When desired charge cycle it is long Just suspend when the charge cycle of normal constant current-constant-potential charge process, wherein normal constant current charge mistake The constant current of journey is essentially equal to predetermined highest allowable charging current, and the perseverance of normal constant-potential charge process Determine the predetermined upper voltage limit that charging voltage is essentially equal at least one rechargeable battery monomer.
10. device according to claim 1, wherein at least one data acquisition source includes at least in part：Alarm Device, clock, sensor, user's calendar, user interface or connection activity.
11. devices according to claim 1, wherein the battery is based on the battery of lithium.
12. devices according to claim 1, it includes mobile device.
A kind of 13. methods of the equipment charge to being driven by rechargeable battery, it includes：
At least one data acquisition source of the equipment that monitoring is driven by the rechargeable battery, and based on from it is described to The data that a few data acquisition source obtains estimating the situation of the equipment of user, wherein the situation of the equipment include it is right When user is energetically predicted using the User Activity of the equipment；And
Based on the estimation situation of the equipment obtained from monitoring step, dynamic adjustment is applied to filling for the rechargeable battery Piezoelectric voltage and charging current,
Wherein described rechargeable battery includes at least one battery cell.
14. methods according to claim 13, wherein the end of desired charge cycle is further comprised determining that, and The rechargeable battery is fully charged at the end of desired charge cycle.
15. methods according to claim 13, wherein the situation of the equipment further includes at least one of the following： The temperature of the rechargeable battery, residual voltage and charging environment.
A kind of 16. devices of the equipment charge to being driven by rechargeable battery, it includes：
For monitoring at least one data acquisition source of the equipment driven by the rechargeable battery, and based on from institute State the data of at least one data acquisition source acquisition to estimate the component of the situation of the equipment, wherein the situation bag of the equipment Include and when energetically use the User Activity of the equipment to predict user；And
The charging voltage of the rechargeable battery is applied to for the estimation situation based on the equipment come dynamic adjustment and fill The component of electric current,
Wherein described rechargeable battery includes at least one battery cell.
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