CN103220340A - Semantic coding method for road transport sensor network nodes - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a semantic coding method for road transport sensor network nodes and belongs to the technical field of road transport sensor network applications. The method comprises the following steps of: determining semantic coding structures of the sensor network nodes according to the architecture of a road transport sensor network; carrying out sub-domain partitioning on the semantic coding structures of the sensor network nodes; and coding the partitioned sub-domains. According to the semantic coding method for the road transport sensor network nodes, through carrying out logical operation and mathematical operation on all node codes, the network hierarchy relationship, relative position change and information attribute difference among the network nodes can be obtained; and the method can be applied to the fields of transport system planning and management, transport information service and the like and provides a support for the semantic standardization of the transport sensor network nodes and the sharing and interaction of transport information.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to road traffic sensors network application technical field, relate in particular to a kind of semantic coding method of road traffic sensors network node.
Background technology
The continuous increase of the growing continuously and fast of China's economic, urban population rapid expanding and vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity, make the contradiction between the supply of urban highway traffic demand and road passage capability show especially, urban road traffic congestion has become the common fault in a lot of cities of China.Practice for many years shows that intelligent transportation system (ITS, Intelligent Transport System) has proposed theory, technical support and put into practice direction for solving urban transport problems.ITS needs digitized information data, comprise road static infrastructure information (road geometrical condition, road network structure, affiliated facility etc.), mobile device information (information of vehicles, police strength information, real-time traffic stream information, mobile unit information etc.) and traffic environment information (geographical environment information, weather environment information) etc.These digitized transport information are that management service layer system (as road safety supervisory control system, whistle control system, overspeed detection system, traffic events detection system etc.) and system of user service layer (variable information traffic sign system, system for traffic guiding, path guiding system etc.) provide the necessary base data.
The digitlization of transport information comprises the digitlization of physical entity in the traffic system itself and the datumization of physical entity state.The datumization of physical entity itself relates to the coding to physical entity itself, such as the coding of road infrastructure, the coding of traffic guidance sign, the coding of Traffic Information etc.; The datumization of physical entity state mainly realizes the perception of physical entity state by sensor technology, the communication technology, such as Video Events detection system, microwave traffic flow detection system, weather station, small-sized roadside etc., the detected data of these systems have just been represented the physical entity state of traffic system.
Popular now multiple detection system (as coil checker system, video detector system, microwave detector system and be used for small-sized weather station that road environment detects etc.) can be regarded the part of whole traffic system sensor network as.Along with deepening continuously that ITS uses in the urban transportation system, equipment such as awareness apparatus in these detection systems and relaying, gateway also become whole traffic system inalienable part as infrastructure.These equipment as the infrastructure of traffic system when realizing traffic system physical entity status dataization, also need the digitlization of its physical entity itself, this just needs the encoded question of equipment such as these awareness apparatus of research and relaying, gateway, the i.e. encoded question of traffic system sensor network nodes semanteme.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, provide a kind of semantic coding method of road traffic sensors network node, the Unified coding problem of equipment such as the awareness apparatus in the road traffic, trunking and gateway.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme of the present invention's proposition is that a kind of semantic coding method of road traffic sensors network node is characterized in that described method comprises:
Step 1:, determine the semantic coding structure of sensor network nodes according to the framework of road traffic sensors network;
Step 2: the semantic coding structure of sensor network nodes is carried out subdomain divide;
Step 3: the subdomain that step 2 is divided is encoded.
Described road traffic sensors node comprises transducer, repeater, access node and the server that uses in the road traffic.
The semantic coding structure of described sensor network nodes comprises the network semanteme of node, the position semanteme of node and the information semantic of node.
Described semantic coding structure to sensor network nodes is carried out subdomain and is divided specifically:
The network semanteme of node is divided into: node type territory, node operation principle territory, node supply power mode territory, node communication mode territory and node territory in useful life;
The position semanteme of node is divided into: node installation position territory, node location Attribute domain and node are laid the mode territory;
The network semanteme of node is divided into: nodal information type field, nodal information subclass territory, nodal information spatial granularity territory and nodal information time granularity territory.
The present invention is by to the coding of traffic system sensor network nodes semanteme, preliminary definition based on the source data structure of the transport information of sensor network; According to the node semantic coding, network layer relation, the relative position that can obtain between the network node change and information attribute difference, realization is to the transparence of network node semanteme, thereby can carry out clear and definite identification to the source of information, for the data fusion of system and information issue facilitate.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the road traffic sensors schematic network structure;
Fig. 2 is a sensor network nodes semantic coding structure chart;
Fig. 3 is the network semantic coding structure chart of node;
Fig. 4 is the position semantic coding structure chart of node;
Fig. 5 is the information semantic coding structure figure of node;
Fig. 6 is node communication mode territory coding structure figure;
Fig. 7 is any location positioning schematic diagram on the road;
Fig. 8 is node location territory coding structure figure;
Fig. 9 is the division schematic diagram of direction;
Figure 10 is a node location Attribute domain coding structure;
Figure 11 is each equipment disposition schematic diagram of multi-functional geomagnetic sensor network.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, preferred embodiment is elaborated.Should be emphasized that following explanation only is exemplary, rather than in order to limit the scope of the invention and to use.
Embodiment 1
The semantic coding method of road traffic sensors network node provided by the invention comprises:
Step 1:, determine the semantic coding structure of sensor network nodes according to the framework of road traffic sensors network.
In this step,,, draw sensor network nodes semantic coding structure in conjunction with the nodes encoding principles of structural design by defining the traffic system sensor network and analyzing its framework.
The traffic system sensor network is defined as follows: for obtaining the traffic system state information, be laid in traffic network and vehicle supervision department and the set of being made up of node devices such as transducer, repeater, access node, server and all kinds of software systems that couples together by radio communication or wire communication mode.Towards the sensor network basic framework of traffic system state information acquisition as shown in Figure 1, in whole traffic system sensor network, the distributing network equipment of each level, these equipment are carrying different spaces granularity, different time granularity, dissimilar transport information.
The sensor network nodes semanteme has identified the source data structure of network node, on node semantic coding structure Design, considering following three principles: 1. completeness: whether abundant, i.e. the semantic expressiveness of " Who Am I ", " I am at which ", " what I can do " if comprising the node relevant information; 2. integrality:, identify " I can accomplish what degree or level " for nodal information; 3. universality: the one and same coding structure can be applicable to the node of each level in the network.
In conjunction with the particularity of above-mentioned three principles and traffic system sensor network nodes, sensor network nodes semantic coding structure need comprise following three parts: the 1. network semanteme of node; 2. the position semanteme of node; 3. the information semantic of node.
Step 2: the semantic coding structure of sensor network nodes is carried out subdomain divide.
In this step,, network semanteme, position semanteme and the information semantic of node carried out subdomain divide by segmentation to sensor network nodes semantic coding structure.
The present invention to the node semantic coding accomplish as far as possible comprehensively, simplify.Be meant to take into full account the comprehensive of each yard position or sign indicating number section representative physical object comprehensively, comprise each subclass of existing system demand as far as possible, and when increasing new projects, can expand as required, the promptly default position that keeps; Simplify main finger and considering on the comprehensive basis, accomplish to encode and simplify as much as possible, reduce too much redundancy, shorten code length, thereby save code memory space and transmission bandwidth.Sensor network nodes semantic coding structure as shown in Figure 2.
The network semantic coding of node mainly comprises node type territory, node operation principle territory, node supply power mode territory, node communication mode territory and node territory in useful life.These encoding domains have disclosed the network semantic attribute of node, have reflected the unique characteristics of node in the traffic system sensor network.The network semantic coding structure of node as shown in Figure 3.
The position semanteme of node mainly comprises the installation position and the relevant position attribute thereof of traffic system sensor network nodes, also comprises the laying mode of node etc., and its coding structure as shown in Figure 4.
The information semantic of node mainly comprises information type, information subclass, information space granularity and the information time granularity of node, and these key elements provide reliable implementation for the quick identification of transport information.The information semantic coding structure of node is seen Fig. 5.
Step 3: the subdomain that step 2 is divided is encoded.
(1) node type territory (WL.1)
Network node shows as different node types according to its residing network layer, node type classification and code such as table 1.
Table 1 node type territory coding schedule
(2) node operation principle territory (WL.2)
Node operation principle territory is primarily aimed at terminal detection node equipment and operation principle is encoded, because the operation principle of terminal detection node can reflect its residing detection system type and detected information type, is necessary to distinguish.The classification of node operation principle and code such as table 2.
Table 2 node operation principle territory coding schedule
(3) node supply power mode territory (WL.3)
For the node supply power mode, according to the energy limited energy constrained nodes and the non-constrained nodes of the energy of being divided into whether.Energy constrained nodes relies on the powered battery of carrying finite energy, and the non-constrained nodes of the energy is then powered by the stabilized power supply in solar panels or the electrical network.The disposal ability of energy constrained nodes, storage capacity and communication capacity all are limited, because energy constrained nodes is convenient to realize radio communication, and it is very little to the influence of road traffic environment when installing, safeguarding and working, meet the actual demand that Traffic Information obtains, have a large amount of energy constrained nodes in the traffic system sensor network.Whether the node energy the limited mode that determines node received communication frame.Generally speaking, the sustainable monitor channel of the non-constrained nodes of the energy is sent to local communication frame to receive those, and energy constrained nodes adopts the method received communication frame of dormancy poll for the consideration of saving energy consumption.Whether the clear and definite in addition node energy is limited, for the route planning of node, communication protocol selection, blending algorithm design etc. provide the decision-making constraint, is convenient to make more rational network design.Table 3 is a node supply power mode territory coding.
The powering mode coding of table 3 node
(4) node communication mode territory (WL.4)
The node communication mode has two kinds of radio communication and wire communications by big class branch.It is very big that different communication mode inter-node communication quality is influenced by traffic environment, need distinguish, so that take corresponding routing policy or blending algorithm according to different communication modes.Except that terminal detection node and central server, other nodes generally have two communication links in network, one is the communication link (following link) of lower level node to this node, it two is the communication link (uplink) of this node to the upper network layer node, and the levels communication of node sometimes can be used same link.Node communication mode territory coding structure as shown in Figure 6.Node communication mode territory coding structure as shown in Figure 4.Node communication mode territory encoding scheme is as shown in table 4.
Table 4 node communication mode territory coding
(5) node territory in useful life (WL.5)
Node can reflect the life span of node in network useful life, and the approximate time of node failure, maintenance, replacing, reflects the life cycle of whole network or the life cycle of network part from another angle.Dispatch from the factory useful life the useful life when mainly referring to energy depletion (dispatching from the factory useful life less than node device the useful life during energy depletion generally speaking) for energy constrained nodes for the main dactylus point device of the non-constrained nodes of the energy.Table 5 is node territory in a useful life coding.
Table 5 node coding in useful life
(6) node location territory (WZ.1)
The concrete installation position of the main identification nodes in node location territory, promptly where sensor network nodes is laid in the road network.This coding method intersection parking line (trunk roads, branch road etc.) and gateway section (expressway, city expressway etc.) as (the intersection parking line is seen Fig. 7 section s with reference to section, the gateway section is the section of the intersection point of gateway ring road center line and main road one-way road center line to the vertical line place of main road center line of road), along center line of road length l (along garage's direction for just, otherwise for negative) place at section as node section s
p, like this, the cross section place of network node in road (is s
p) just can be unique definite by parameter s and l.Then, establish node section s
pWith the intersection point of center line of road be o, at s
pOn, be starting point with the o point, along with center line of road vertical direction distance be d(garage direction right side for just, the left side is to bear) position p can determine.Utilize this method, s, l all can be passed through in any plane position on the road, three parameters of d are unique determines, the network node position that is laid in optional position on the road so is also unique definite.Node location territory coding structure as shown in Figure 8, parameter l and d can obtain by GIS platform or field survey, determine that parameter s need encode specially to the crossing or the gateway of road.
For crossing or gateway coding, the present invention mainly adopts the coding method based on geographic grid, and coding comprises region code, grid code and position code, and wherein the region code scope is 60km * 60km, the grid code scope is 60m * 60m, and the position code scope is 20m * 20m.For general city, a region code can meet the demands, and takies 2 byte positions for generality, region code are more arranged, and value is 0～3; Grid code is 1000 * 1000 segmentations of region code, and the span of horizontal, vertical coordinate all is 0～999, respectively takies 10 byte positions; Position code is 3 * 3 segmentations of grid code, and span is 0～8, takies 3 byte positions.Crossing or gateway coding takies 25 byte positions altogether, and minimum precision is 20m * 20m, because real middle distance is almost non-existent less than adjacent crossing or the gateway of 20m, so do not have identical coding; Even special case is arranged, also can be divided into one of them crossing or gateway in another position code, and can not cause and obscure.
For parameter s, it is not enough only utilize crossing or gateway to encode identifying s.Crossing or gateway coding can identify crossing or the gateway position in road network, but intersection parking line or gateway section need carry out the son division to crossing or gateway coding.Only there is a gateway section each gateway, but the crossing type is various, and the intersection parking line of varying number and different directions is arranged, and definition is the direction of intersection parking line or gateway section perpendicular to garage's direction of intersection parking line or gateway section.The present invention is with reference to the direction division methods of national standard " traffic management information attributive classification and coding urban road ", intersection parking line or gateway section are pressed 8 direction encodings, take 3 byte positions, all directions title is seen shown in Figure 9, and the coding method of different directions sees Table 6.This direction encoding scheme can satisfy all types of intersection parking lines (for special special-shaped crossing, can replace an identical direction encoding with nearest adjacent direction encoding) and the gateway section, and reflected that the crossing respectively enters garage's direction of mouth or gateway.
The direction encoding of table 6 intersection parking line or gateway section
For parameter l and d, its span be made as respectively [2048,4095) and [32,64), respectively account for 12 and 6 byte positions, this scope can satisfy nearly all road network, for special case, can utilize and reserve the territory and increase parameter range; The minimum precision of position field coding is 1m, can distinguish the relative position of all traffic system sensor network nodes.
(7) node location Attribute domain (WZ.2)
Relevant informations such as the main marked network node of node location Attribute domain category of roads of living in, grade separation level, node upright projection position, car lane position, its coding structure as shown in figure 10, each attribute coding sees Table 7, takies 14 byte positions altogether.
Each attribute coding of table 7 node location Attribute domain
Annotate: 1. the grade separation level is a bottom road for the 1st layer, upwards increases progressively successively;
2. the fast lane of the most close central partition in car lane position (line) is the 1st car lane, outwards increases progressively successively.
(8) node is laid mode territory (WZ.3)
Node is laid the mode territory and has been described network node installation site or mounting means, and different installation sites or laying mode can reflect the convenience degree and the maintenance cost of node maintenance, and provides reference for the quick location of node.Node is laid mode territory coding and is seen Table 8.
Table 8 node is laid mode territory coding
(9) information type territory (XX.1)
The big class of transport information is mainly represented in the information type territory, division with reference to the big class of transport information of national standard " acquisition of road traffic information information classification and coding ", the present invention encodes to big class transport information such as the means of transportation information in information type territory, telecommunication flow information, parking lot information, traffic event information, environmental information, and coded system sees Table 9.
Table 9 information type territory coding
(10) information subclass territory (XX.2)
The information type subdomain is the segmentation of each big class transport information, and which kind of transport information what determined the network node transmission jointly with the information type territory is, the information subclass coding of each big class transport information type correspondence sees Table 10.
Table 10 information subclass territory coding
(11) information space granularity territory (XX.3)
Information space granularity territory mainly identifies the spatial granularity of transport information, the i.e. spatial dimension of gained transport information.For average speed, point average speed (generally at a certain track or a certain road section), road-section average speed, zone leveling speed have been represented the different spatial granularity of average speed respectively, concerning traffic information fusion and information service etc. are used, the average speed of these different spaces granularities belongs to different information indexs, need be distinguished.Table 11 has provided the coded system in information space granularity territory.
Table 11 information space granularity territory coding
(12) information time granularity territory (XX.4)
Be similar to information space granularity territory, information time granularity territory mainly identifies transport information in time range, i.e. the sense cycle of transport information or record cycle.The transport information of sensor network perception has different time granularity characteristics, just makes it have specific traffic physical meaning, has only the constant transport information just not have the time granularity characteristic, so be necessary the time granularity of transport information is carried out special coding.Table 12 has provided the coding method in information time granularity territory.
Table 12 information time granularity territory coding
Embodiment 2
Utilize the coding result of each subdomain, obtain the step of whole network node semantic coding.Choose the multi-functional geomagnetic sensor that obtains towards Beijing's major trunk roads telecommunication flow information as the network node example of encoding.The wireless geomagnetism transducer is buried underground and below, each track, and the local area network (LAN) of being made up of these transducers is used to detect near each track magnitude of traffic flow of highway section certain level-crossing, and its configuration mode as shown in figure 11.
Among Figure 11, E1, E2, E3, E4 are the terminal detection node, are embedded in track central authorities below, and by powered battery, be 6 years useful life, is responsible for detecting the vehicle flowrate in track, place, every 5min testing result transferred to AP by wireless mode; AP is an access node, is installed on the light pole in roadside, and by the solar panels power supply, be 8 years useful life, and the data on flows that responsible collection E1, E2, four geomagnetic sensors of E3, E4 obtain is also calculated section s
1(E1, E2, AP are arranged) and section s
2The vehicle flowrate of (E3, E4 are arranged) transfers to the upper layer network node to the result who obtains by wireless mode every 5min; Relevant distance parameter is seen shown in the figure.
If the geographic grid of crossing X is encoded to
01-555-666-07(represent that with decimal number "-" met for cutting apart of each encoding domain, no practical significance, down together), according to coding method of the present invention, the network semanteme of access node AP, position semanteme, information semantic coding are respectively:
3-00-1-08-4-0,
1-555-666-7-6-0200 – 13-03-0-5-00-05-0,
1-0-03-06-0So the network node semantic coding of this example access node AP is:
Equally, the network node semantic coding of terminal detection node E1, E2, E3, E4 is respectively:
As can be seen, this coding method only needs 39 ten's digits (00 byte position of binary one) just network semanteme, position semanteme, the information semantic of a traffic system sensor network nodes representative comprehensively to be showed 7 Chinese characters of its shared insufficient space (ISO-2022CJK sign indicating number) occupation space.In addition, this encoding scheme all adopts digital code, by the logical operation and the arithmetical operation in different coding territory, can judge easily that network layer relation, the relative position between each network node changes and information attribute difference.Compare the WL.1 encoding domain, can judge the network layer of AP and E1, E2, E3, E4 fast, and find out AP and E1, E2 at same detection section, and E3, E4 are at another detection section apart from its 20m unit place from the WZ.1 encoding domain.By comparing each encoding domain of E1, E3, judge E1, E3 and be laid in same car lane, and, can compare E2, E4 equally at a distance of 20m.
Aspect the safeguarding of sensor network, the manager can locate the network node that needs are safeguarded fast according to the WZ.1 encoding domain, and judges residing reason environment of this network node and installation environment according to WZ.2 and WZ.3 encoding domain, shortens the network operation time.In addition, for the network node of issue of participation information or traffic control, can reduce network delay according to the XX encoding domain in issue of this locality realization information and traffic control.In a word, by decoding to each network node semanteme, can obtain network layer, the position relation and the information gap of each equipment fast, for data fusion, the information sharing of local information issue, traffic control and all kinds of traffic-information service, management system and facilitate alternately and support.
The above; only for the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection range of claim.
Claims (4)
1. the semantic coding method of a road traffic sensors network node is characterized in that described method comprises:
Step 1:, determine the semantic coding structure of sensor network nodes according to the framework of road traffic sensors network;
Step 2: the semantic coding structure of sensor network nodes is carried out subdomain divide;
Step 3: the subdomain that step 2 is divided is encoded.
2. semantic coding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described road traffic sensors node comprises transducer, repeater, access node and the server that uses in the road traffic.
3. semantic coding method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the semantic coding structure of described sensor network nodes comprises the network semanteme of node, the position semanteme of node and the information semantic of node.
4. semantic coding method according to claim 3 is characterized in that described semantic coding structure to sensor network nodes carries out subdomain and divide specifically:
The network semanteme of node is divided into: node type territory, node operation principle territory, node supply power mode territory, node communication mode territory and node territory in useful life;
The position semanteme of node is divided into: node installation position territory, node location Attribute domain and node are laid the mode territory;
The network semanteme of node is divided into: nodal information type field, nodal information subclass territory, nodal information spatial granularity territory and nodal information time granularity territory.
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