CN103214225A - Green and environment-friendly wall system - Google Patents
Green and environment-friendly wall system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103214225A CN103214225A CN2013100644714A CN201310064471A CN103214225A CN 103214225 A CN103214225 A CN 103214225A CN 2013100644714 A CN2013100644714 A CN 2013100644714A CN 201310064471 A CN201310064471 A CN 201310064471A CN 103214225 A CN103214225 A CN 103214225A
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- gypsum
- gypsum block
- water
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- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a green and environment-friendly wall system which is composed of a plurality of rectangular gypsum blocks by splicing. Splicing places are connected by using a cured gypsum block adhesive. The gypsum blocks are obtained through the steps that: a gypsum raw material is stirred with water, and casting and shaping are carried out. The rectangular edges of the gypsum block are provided with concave recesses and convex keys. The gypsum block adhesive is powdery, and is formed by using a gypsum raw material. Before use, the gypsum block adhesive is well mixed with water. From a raw material selection process, a production process, and a site construction process, to a waste recovery process, the wall system completely satisfies a sustainable development goal. The system is a completely environment-friendly novel construction material. The system has the advantages of sound insulation, fire resistance, light weight, high strength, convenient construction, low application space occupation, and the like. The system is a low-carbon, environment-friendly, and healthy novel wall system satisfying development requirements of the time.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of environmental protection walling system, be spliced to form, belong to building material field by a plurality of rectangle gypsum blocks.
Background technology
Gypsum block just was developed in Europe in nineteen fifties, development area the most rapidly is West Europe, almost gypsum block is being produced and used to most countries all, wherein France is maximum production and the country that uses gypsum block, produce about 1,800 ten thousand square metres of gypsum block per year, occupy the first place in the world.
In China, recent two decades comes, and gypsum block has developed into a kind of New Type Light-weight Wall Material.
Gypsum block is to be main raw material(s) with the plaster of Paris, through adding water stirring, casting and the dry building gypsum products of making.Gypsum block has numerous good Architecural Physics performances such as light weight, waterproof, antidetonation, heat insulating, sound insulation etc., very is suitable for building by laying bricks or stones all types of industries and civilian frame building internal partition wall, the internal partition wall of high-rise and high-rise frame structure building.
Gypsum is accepted by people day by day as material of construction in recent years, and its goods have building block, sheet material, finishing material etc., are mainly used in non-load bearing wall and decorations in the house.Gypsum hollow block has performances such as lightweight, high-strength, fire prevention, fire-retardant, sound insulation, the employing dry construction is convenient and swift, no building waste, can follow closely, can saw, can dig, can cohere, can repair and do not need keel to reinforce, finishing need not be wiped one's face, the operating efficiency height can increase usable floor area 10% than common brick wall.Nontoxic, tasteless, the harmless genus environment-friendly novel of gypsum block material of construction.The gypsum block standard is carried out the JC/T698-1998 industry standard, possesses corresponding scientific formula, good product quality, intensity height that mechanize is produced, and supplementary material is scientific and reasonable.Gypsum block is mainly used in the non-bearing wall body of skeleton construction and other structural constructions, generally uses as internal partition wall.If adopt suitable fixing and supporting structure, body of wall can also bear heavier load (as hanging hanging cupboard, water-heater, lavatory apparatus etc.).Mix the moistureproof building block of special additive, can be used for the bigger occasions of atmospheric moisture such as bathroom, lavatory.
Gypsum block is compared with other materials for walls, particularly traditional solid clay brick, has following advantage:
1. the bad temper gypsum is compared with concrete, and it is high 5 times that its fire performance is wanted.Gypsum block is compared with general Thistle board, and its fire performance will exceed a grade.
2. good heat insulating.The mortar that the heat-insulating property of the gypsic horizon that 1cm is thick is equivalent to the brick and tile layer of 3cm or 4cm is wiped one's face or the thermal and insulating performance of the coagulation abode house of 5cm.
3. sound-proofing properties is good; With the big body of wall of the thick gypsum block of 100mm is example, and its building sound-insulation value has reached 37-48dB, and other stack pile material of construction of the same type are difficult to reach this value.
4. have lighter wall quality, anti-seismic performance is good.With the real brick wall of the two-sided clay of plastering is example, and half-brick wall heavily is 296kg/m
2, whole brick wall weight is 524kg/m
2, and different solid gypsum block body of wall of plastering, the thick about 72kg/m of 80mm
2, the thick about 90kg/m of 100mm
2, be equivalent to the 1/3-1/4 of the solid brick wall weight of clay.
5. gypsum block cooperates precision, and body of wall is bright and clean smooth.
6. dry construction, speed of application is fast.Gypsum block can be followed closely, can saw, can dig, can be repaired, and processing treatment is very convenient.
7. improved residence comfort.Gypsum block has respiratory function, and excess humidity can very fast absorption in the room: when climate change humidity reduces to emit moisture once more, and do not influence the firm degree of body of wall: also promptly have atmospheric moisture function in the surge chamber, can regulate kryptoclimate.Metope also evaporated condensation water when atmospheric moisture is higher, it is very comfortable to live.
8. gypsum block partition wall a series of build by laying bricks or stones, install and problem such as application, abroad so that sophisticated treating method to be arranged.Just begin to produce and use gypsum block in nineteen fifty abroad, through improving and test of whole century, form the complete product specification system of a cover, built the data and the atlas that consolidate and use, can in conjunction with the practical situation of China in addition with reference to, utilize and use for reference, China has put into effect the related datas such as standard of gypsum block in recent years.
9. gypsum block is a kind of green building material.Gypsum block adopts the plaster of paris to process, and is radiationless.In the process of production gypsum block, basic three-waste free discharge.In use, can not produce harmful material.Therefore gypsum block is kind of a green building material of well protecting and improving the ecological environment.
10. increase usable floor area.Under the certain situation of floor area of building, can effectively improve actual usable floor area.Compare with solid brick wall, thickness of wall body can be reduced to 1/2, and effectively usable floor area increases by 10% approximately.
11. the replacement clay brick is protected farmland.The traditional a large amount of energy of materials for wall consumption and soil, traditional materials for wall clay brick are ruined the field and reach hundreds of thousands of mu every year, and the power consumption of baking bricks is then annual to consume a large amount of standard coals, and traditional walling causes serious environmental pollution.
The gypsum block thickness of wall body is little, belongs to slim body of wall, and its greatest limit height of independently building by laying bricks or stones relates to the stable and safety of body of wall in construction stage and operational phase.Therefore, the maximum limit of size of gypsum block body of wall, different with cement block, can not adopt traditional checking computations to allow the method for ratio of height to thickness to determine, can only determine by calculating and experiment based on the Application of gypsum block performance.
France is defined as the maximum limit of size of gypsum block body of wall:
| Thickness of wall body/cm | Maximum height/m |
| 6.0 | 2.6 |
| 7.0 | 3.0 |
| ≥10.0 | 4.0 |
Existing gypsum block walling system, the binding agent operability is undesirable, and solidification intensity is low, and in use, there is the situation of wall crazing in the cohesive force deficiency; Simultaneously, in construction process, the processing property of binding agent is not good, has influenced construction quality yet, causes waste of material.
Therefore, in the practical application, still need a kind of well behaved gypsum block walling system by adhesive cures.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of environmental protection walling system.
Walling system of the present invention is built by laying bricks or stones by a plurality of rectangle gypsum block splicings and is constituted, and splicing place connects by the gypsum block adhesive cures; After described gypsum block adds the water stirring by gypsum raw material, casting, the gypsum block rectangular edges has matrix and convex mounting groove; Described gypsum block binding agent is Powdered, is made of gypsum raw material, adds water before the use and stirs and get final product.
Described gypsum raw material can be a natural gesso, also can be the desulfurated plaster powder.
Desulfurated plaster is mainly derived from the flue gas desulfurization technique of coal-burning power plant, is the flue gas that sulfurous fuels (as coal) burning back produces is carried out that desulfurizing and purifying is handled and the industry by-product gypsum that obtains.The main component of desulfurated plaster is crystalline sulfuric acid calcium (CaSO
42H
2O), the face light yellow complexion, its potential of hydrogen and the plaster of paris are suitable, are neutral or omit meta-alkalescence.The chemical ingredients and the plaster of paris are close, its CaSO
4+ CaSO
42H
2O content is generally more than 90%, the CaSO of the plaster of paris
4+ CaSO
42H
2O content is generally in 70%～80% scope.
The higher desulfurated plaster of quality replaces the plaster of paris both can economize on resources, and can utilize industry byproduct again, reduces solid pollution, preserves the ecological environment; Simultaneously, lower from the desulfurated plaster price of thermal power plant, make its use cost be lower than the plaster of paris.The most key is that the desulfurated plaster mealiness can be stablized, and is beneficial to production quality control.Therefore, gypsum raw material used in the present invention is preferably the desulfurated plaster powder, as β type terra alba [beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum (CaSO
4)
2H
2O], fineness is controlled at 0.08mm, tails over less than 2%.
Gypsum block has the network crystalline structure, after its suction, easily produces hydrolysis and corrosion, thereby the intensity of building block is descended significantly.Therefore, in order to guarantee the stability of gypsum block body of wall, the water content in the control gypsum block in the gypsum raw material of the present invention, has also added water-resisting agent.
The waterproof of gypsum adds normally that water-proof material realizes, as adding metallic soap, pitch, paraffin wax, resin in gypsum, or is coated with on product with water resistant coating, its surface is gone up form waterproof membrane.U.S. Pat Pat No.2,198,776 employings are ejected into very thin paraffin wax or the pitch particle of formation in the calcium plaster to paraffin wax, pitch, to improve the water tolerance of plastering, effect is better, but needs to be equipped with the cured material fusion jet atomization equipment of a cover, the cost height, complicated operation.Waterproofing gypsum agent is silicone resin and paraffinic base water-resisting agent preferably at present.
Water-resisting agent used in the present invention is organic silanol water-resisting agent.
The major ingredient of organic silanol water-resisting agent is a methyl silicon sodium alcoholate, and organic silanol water-resisting agent used in the present invention is a methyl silicon sodium alcoholate.
Methyl silicon sodium alcoholate is a kind of water white transparency aqueous solution, because of containing small amount of impurities, is light yellow in the Industrial products.Nontoxic, do not fire, not quick-fried, non-volatile, have no irritating odor, solids content is generally 32%, proportion is 1.23, the pH value be alkalescence, can be miscible with water.Environmentally safe, spary have hydrophobic, delay effects such as pollution, efflorescence prevention on exterior wall finish such as spraying, roller coating, brushing.Water-soluble methyl silicon sodium alcoholate has alkalescence and ionic feature, and it can be from gypsum (CaCO
3) the middle small amount of carbonate ion that leaches, and then substitution reaction generation chemical bond, methyl (CH in the methyl silicon sodium alcoholate take place
3) be bonded in the gypsum, make it have hydrophobic nature, produce waterproof effect.
Simultaneously, methyl silicon sodium alcoholate generates methyl silanol, the further condensation of methyl silanol self under water and carbonic acid gas effect, and with structured material generation chemical reaction, generate the insoluble waterproof macromolecular compound of one deck---netted silicone resin at substrate surface.This resin molding has the effect of waterproof, protection against the tide, antiseepage, does not influence the ventilation property of gypsum material body simultaneously, and the energy resistance to deterioration, avoids the performance of polluting.
The addition of methyl silicon sodium alcoholate is 0.8-2.0% (with respect to a gypsum part quality) in the gypsum block of the present invention, is preferably 0.8-1.0%.
Can also add the diatomite of 1-5% weight ratio in the gypsum block of the present invention, further improve the water resistance of gypsum.
Chemical ingredientss such as water-resisting agent have been added in gypsum block at it after, the waterproof rate can reach 3%, and coefficient of softening is higher than 0.6.
According to actual needs, gypsum block raw material of the present invention can also add filamentary material, light-weight aggregate and/or whipping agent.
The use of filamentary material makes the intensity of gypsum block be improved, and can satisfy higher strength of materials requirement.Filamentary material is glass fibre, polypropylene fibre, polyvinyl alcohol fiber; Polypropylene fibre preferably uses polypropene staple (PP fiber).
The addition of filamentary material is with respect to gypsum raw material, and addition is the 0.01-0.1% weight ratio.
Polypropene staple (PP fiber) is raw material with the polypropylene, its production technique and process for treating surface, guarantee its in gypsum, have splendid dispersed and with the bonding force of gypsum block, and resistance to deterioration is good, can guarantee in the medium-term and long-term performance of gypsum effect.
The polypropene staple chemical property is stable, and only dependence changes the physical structure of gypsum and improves concrete performance, and any chemical reaction does not take place for itself.Mix its chemistry of back, stable physical property with gypsum, so good affinity is arranged with gypsum block.Polypropene staple can effectively strengthen the toughness of gypsum, effectively control the fine fisssure that the factor such as expansion, temperature variation of gypsum causes, prevent and suppress fissured formation and development, improve the cracking resistance anti-permeability performance of gypsum block and shock resistance, anti-seismic performance effectively.
The use of light-weight aggregate can reduce the quality of product, and better fire resistance is provided.The consumption of light-weight aggregate should be no more than 10% mass ratio of gypsum powder, and preferable amount is than being 1.5-2.0%.
Light-weight aggregate mainly adds in order to reduce building block unit weight, and light-weight aggregate commonly used is pearlstone and thin haydite.
Perlite is a kind of acidic lava of volcanic eruption, through sharply cooling off the glassy rock that forms, gains the name because of it has the pearl fissured structure.The perlite ore deposit comprises perlite, obsidian and pitchstone.Three's difference is that perlite has the arc-shaped crack that forms because of condensation, claims perlitic structure, water content 2～6%; Pitchstone has unique resinous luster, water content 6～10%; Obsidian has vitreous luster and conchoidal fracture, and water content is generally less than 2%.
Light-weight aggregate of the present invention uses perlite.Perlite unit weight is less than 120Kg/m
3, be that the good light-weight aggregate of performance is selected.
The adding of whipping agent helps the sound insulation property of material.
Whipping agent plays an important role to gypsum block of the present invention, is the essential condition that improves the sound insulating seal effect.
When whipping agent and gypsum aquation, generate Intermolecular Forces--hydrogen chain, produce sterically hindered, cause the crystal lattice of gypsum structure to lack limit, excite the gypsum activity, the formation of accelerating network shape gypsum skeleton strengthens plasterboard intensity thereby reach, and reduces the plasterboard capacity, save material greatly, substantially improve the purpose of plasterboard physicals.
Whipping agent can use any in anion surfactant, the sodium bicarbonates such as sodium lauryl sulphate (K12), polyoxyethylenated alcohol sodium sulfate (AES), α-sodium olefin sulfonate.
The whipping agent preferably sodium dodecyl sulfate.
In per 100 weight part gypsum raw materials, whipping agent is preferably the 1.9-2.7 weight part.
During the preparation gypsum block, with the various compositions of gypsum raw material and interpolation, mix, the water that adds solid weight 70-95% mixes, stir, and casting, the demoulding, after the oven dry (arid season natural air drying, or artificial seasoning), after check, packing, warehouse-in.
When using natural gesso, amount of water is preferably the 70-80% of terra alba weight; When using the desulfurated plaster powder, amount of water is preferably the 80-95% of terra alba weight.
Walling system of the present invention, when building moulding by laying bricks or stones, gypsum block connects by the gypsum block adhesive cures, forms body of wall.
Binding agent is a kind of powder, main application is when being used to walling system is installed, as seam binding material and seam sealer, also can be used for body of wall wall skin bonding timber or plastics lines, also can be used as after fluting, perforate on body of wall pipe laying, sunken cord and bury the binding agent and the spackling of box.
In the gypsum block binding agent of the present invention, except that gypsum raw material, also contain rubber powder and calcium sulphate retarder.Each component constitutes in the gypsum block binding agent:
Gypsum raw material powder 100 weight parts;
Rubber powder 1-2 weight part;
Calcium sulphate retarder 0.01-0.03 weight part.
During use, above-mentioned binding agent powder is placed container, add water then, the part by weight of binding agent powder and water is 1: (0.6-0.7), leave standstill and stirred evenly into putty in 1-2 minute and promptly can use.
In the gypsum block binding agent of the present invention, can also add filamentary material; With respect to binding agent, addition is 0.5-0.9Kg/m
3
Described rubber powder mixes formation by acrylate and aliphatics silane according to 5: 1 weight ratio.
Acrylate can be one or more in methyl acrylate, ethyl propenoate, 2-methyl methacrylate, ethyl 2-methacrylate and the butyl acrylate.
Aliphatics silane is mainly the polyester silicone resin, and silicone resin is the thermoset polysiloxane polymer with highly cross-linked structure.
Silicone resin has good electrical insulation property, heatproof and good waterproof effect, and weathering resistance is better than general organic resin.Therefore, in the coating on heatproof, heat-resisting and anti-wet treatment protection top layer, be all desirable material.Silicone resin also has excellent electric insulation, resistance, hydrophobic nature and flame retardant resistance, also can obtain other performances by upgrading.
Silicone resin of a great variety divided by backbone structure, can be divided into two kinds of pure silicon resin and modified silicone resins, and the former is typical polysiloxane structure.Modified silicone resin can be subdivided into methyl silicon resin, phenyl polysiloxane and methyl phenyl silicone resin etc. again according to Siliciumatom institute banded organic group kind.
Silicone resin of the present invention preferably uses the acryl-modified silicone resin resin, is prepared from by silanol and Acrylic Acid Monomer, has the advantage of acrylic resin and silicone resin concurrently, has excellent thermotolerance and weather resistance.
The fiber that uses in the fiber that uses in the gypsum block binding agent of the present invention and the gypsum block is identical, is preferably the PP staple fibre, and staple length is best at 30-100mm.The adding of staple fibre makes the intensity of binding agent after curing significantly improve.It should be noted that the Strong degree of gypsum block binding agent of the present invention after doing surpasses gypsum block Strong degree 20%, result of use is excellent.
Calcium sulphate retarder is used for reducing the gypsum rate of set, and retardant at present commonly used mainly contains three classes: organic acid and soluble salt thereof, alkaline phosphate and retardant such as protein-based.Organic acid and soluble salts retardant thereof mainly contain citric acid, Trisodium Citrate, tartrate, soluble tartrate, vinylformic acid and sodium acrylate etc.The phosphoric acid salt retardant mainly contains Sodium hexametaphosphate 99, sodium polyphosphate etc.
Retardant of the present invention preferably uses citric acid and salt thereof.
Citric acid and salt thereof mix weight, with respect to gypsum, be controlled at less than 0.03% for well, preferred 0.01% mixes weight.
Walling system of the present invention is built by laying bricks or stones by a plurality of rectangle gypsum block splicings and is constituted, and splicing place connects by the gypsum block adhesive cures; After described gypsum block adds the water stirring by gypsum raw material, casting, the gypsum block rectangular edges has matrix and convex mounting groove; Described gypsum block binding agent is Powdered, is made of gypsum raw material, adds water before the use and stirs and get final product.Preferred thickness is the walling system of 80 millimeters and 100 millimeters.
Build the body of wall of moulding by laying bricks or stones, can regulate relative humidity in the air automatically, emit aqueous vapor, make living environment more comfortable in the wet season moisture absorption and in dry season.Non-volatility organic compound, radon gas and other objectionable impuritiess do not have influence to HUMAN HEALTH.The heavy metal free material.Acidity-basicity ph 6-8, near human body skin, the sound insulation function is good, can reach 46 decibels of STC.Heat insulating function is good, and is higher 5 times than husky brick, saves a large amount of energy loss.Lightweight than light 6 one-tenth of husky brick, directly alleviates the weight of building structure institute load, makes it must use building materials to reduce.
To guarantee that the smooth body of wall that installs that guarantees in ground, building site reaches perpendicular to smooth before the walling system construction of the present invention; The gypsum block binding agent prepares stand-by in advance; At first in the bottom of fragment of brick and the vertical binding agent of mixing before spreading on one side; Falcon groove between brick and the brick should be concavo-convex relative, should fill up binding agent between the slit; The installation of upper strata brick will overlap with lower floor's fissure of displacement; Successively install with this method, the corner is engaged; When being mounted to the body of wall top, only needing on fragment of brick, to saw out the inclined-plane and clean out the powder of sawing out; The back is installed to be filled up the slit with binding agent; Fritter can be sawed out to fill up in the space of fragment of brick and fragment of brick; The slit of last brick face can be repaired with binding agent and be wipeed off.
There are groove, key, simple installation, smooth surface to need not to do the processing of plastering again around the gypsum block of the present invention, save the plaster operation, the reduction of erection time.Be fit to short or fitting-out work use of construction time.80 millimeters and 100 millimeters walling systems are without plaster, compare 75 millimeters and 100 millimeters husky bricks of tradition and add 15 millimeters of both sides plasters and economize 1-2 cun of positions.Being fit to dwelling house and market uses.The intensity height, ultimate compression strength 5-7 MPa, Dan Ding hangs and can reach 45 kilograms.Be fit to hotel, hotel, school, dwelling house, market use.
It is integrated to form the gypsum fragment of brick after the wall brick interface is done admittedly, and lintel all need not be installed in therefore general doorway and wind larynx position, and wall is reinforced in brandreth need not be installed below 7 meters.Being fit to market, commercial mansion and industrial development uses.With the packaged body of wall fire endurance of joining of gypsum brick is 2-4 hour, does not burn.Obtained the Hongkong government edifice place approval, and closed symbol GB/T9978-1999, the fire-resistant limit was greater than 2 hours standards.The product key index:
Walling system of the present invention has good construction convenience, and installation need not the iron net, door beam and iron and steel support, has reduced the use additional materials and has installed, and cuts down the consumption of energy; Need not use the cement mortar plaster in the body of wall both sides; The building site water conservancy project journey project that need not wet has guaranteed good site condition; Promote site safety with healthy, avoided mosquito, potential risks such as the risk that slips and electric leakage, reduce causing injures and deaths or loss.Body of wall cuts or opens the hole easily and hides larynx, and no waste material can utilize fragment material filling wind to shout and lamp larynx hole; Be easy to change at interval, after body of wall is moulding integrated, can cut out, and can recycle, pave new body of wall with the wall part that cuts out as building block (about 500 * 500 millimeters) less than 2 meters wide doorways.
Become wall for a width of cloth, can cut into a walling unit that piece is about 500 * 500 millimeters from top to bottom when dismounting, these building blocks can be built up the new body of wall of a width of cloth, Recycling again with binding agent of the present invention.As when dismantling, being damaged, also can deliver to factory in small, broken bits and reclaim, mixed raw material causes new gypsum block again.
Should conscientiously check wall skeletal lines and door-window opening line before the walling system installation of the present invention.Use binding agent, mix the system amount and be advisable once to be no more than 20 minute duration of service.Surpassing after 30 minutes the cakey binding agent of beginning is forbidden to add water and adds glue and modulate again and use.Again modulate the next batch binding agent again after cleaning out hopper.When body of wall does not have particular requirement, can be directly the concrete building after the levelling () spread binding agent on the plate, gypsum block is installed, first row's building block groove should should be crowded with binding agent with the metope joining part down, surplus slurry plug is sternly wipeed off.
The first layer building block is used timber wedge and is carried out levelling, does not allow to move repeatedly auxilliary fragment of brick levelling of going up binding agent, builds the part that timber wedge can be exposed body of wall after 40 minutes by laying bricks or stones and cuts off, and need not to extract.Building by laying bricks or stones of rotation angle position, for guaranteeing that the perps cross staggers up and down, first fragment of brick in nook should cut corresponding section, and the connecting part should be crowded with binding agent.
The flange of fragment of brick and groove all should be smeared full binding agent (comprising fragment of brick top and bottom and side) in the whole erection process.At first want budget piece number before the installation, sawing is caught up with in the door-window opening position as far as possible.Equipment is installed between bathroom, should adopt expansion bolt and crab-bolt.Use and bore punching, must not pick cutter and directly hammer into.
After the partition wall installation, the tiny scarce stupefied arrisdefect available dedicated spackling of fragment of brick is repaired and is wipeed off.The internal partition wall construction should be adopted scaffolding, must not prop up built pipe etc. on the partition wall.Vertically should adopt galvanized steel pipe or pvc pipe, vertically reserve pipeline and should imbed, the slit be filled up strickling with binding agent by the slotting machine fluting.And glue fiberglass gridding cloth.After the hole making drill perforate should be adopted in small-sized holes such as line box, through the method construction of manual amendment.The water power specialty must with the partition wall close fit of constructing, pipeline installation should be constructed synchronously with partition wall.Forbid to lay the line and erecting equipment by picking the cutter mode.
Walling system of the present invention reaches to the waste recovery Recycling from raw material selection, production process, site construction, all meets target of sustainable development fully, very the environment-friendly novel building materials; Have sound insulation, fire prevention, light weight, intensity height, construction convenient, save multiple advantages such as usage space, be a kind of low-carbon environment-friendly, health, meet the novel wall material of era development requirement.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that rectangular body of wall synoptic diagram is built in gypsum block of the present invention by laying bricks or stones;
Fig. 1-the 1st, body of wall the first layer synoptic diagram shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 1-2 is a body of wall second layer synoptic diagram shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 2 is that T type body of wall synoptic diagram is built in gypsum block of the present invention by laying bricks or stones;
Fig. 2-the 1st, body of wall the first layer synoptic diagram shown in Figure 2;
Fig. 2-the 2nd, body of wall second layer synoptic diagram shown in Figure 2;
The 1---gypsum block; Gypsum block after the 2---cutting; 3---scribbles the seam of gypsum block binding agent.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The preparation of gypsum block:
Weigh and get the raw materials ready:
● natural gesso 100Kg
● methyl silicon sodium alcoholate 0.8Kg
● diatomite 1.8Kg
● PP fiber 0.1Kg
● perlite 1.5Kg
● sodium lauryl sulphate 1.9Kg
Natural gesso and 77Kg water are entered stirrer through automatic metering system, start stirrer, stir 1～2min, make abundant stirring pulping, the gypsum slip that mixes is poured in the shaper formwork erection chamber, automatically scrape mouth by solutioning machine after the initial set, eject die cavity by the hydraulic lifting machine then, start gypsum block space anchor clamps then, clamping plays the gypsum block group, along vertical anchor clamps track travel, by automatic fixture gypsum block is caught away, make the gypsum block depanning.The gained gypsum block is a square shape materials for wall, has groove and key all around.
Mode when adopting seasoning, space anchor clamps clamping plays the gypsum block group, is placed on the dry shelf, and the mode of transport of leading to dry place is finished with waggon, the seasoning place should be very smooth, and dry shelf should be aligned to and make gypsum block always be in the position parallel with direction of ventilation.
Dried gypsum block, specification are 666mm * 500mm, and 3 area sums are 1m
2, thickness 80mm.
Fire resistance (carrying out GB/T9978-1999) is 80mm:120mins FRP; Sound-proofing properties (BS EN ISO140-3:1995) is 80mm:37dB STC.
Water repelling property (carrying out BS EN 12589:2001 Part 5.8) satisfies puts that 2 hours water-intake rates do not exceed 5% of own weight in the water into.
Through product after the assay was approved, unload the loading of building block machine through packing plant by machinery, building block is tied bundled usually by cargo transport forklift transportation warehouse-in.
900 kilograms/square metre of gained the finished product gypsum block unit weights become every square metre only 85 kilograms on wall, are starkly lower than clay brick and aerating brick of powdered coal ash, help Highrise buildings and lighten the load, and alleviate the total loading weight of high buildings and large mansions significantly.Being fit to fitting-out work uses.
Gypsum block is firm, and the intensity height is indeformable, and the waterproof rate reaches 3%, and coefficient of softening is higher than 0.6, and breaking load can reach more than 3,000 thousand Ns.Sound-proofing properties is good, and the individual layer weighted transmission loss is the 37-41 decibel, and the double layer sandwich system more can reach 64 decibels.
The preparation of gypsum block: weigh and get the raw materials ready:
● desulfurated plaster powder 100Kg
● methyl silicon sodium alcoholate 2.0Kg
● diatomite 3.2Kg
● PP fiber 0.01Kg
● perlite 2.0Kg
● sodium lauryl sulphate 2.7Kg
Natural gesso and 90Kg water are entered stirrer through automatic metering system, start stirrer, stir 1～2min, make abundant stirring pulping, the gypsum slip that mixes is poured in the shaper formwork erection chamber, automatically scrape mouth by solutioning machine after the initial set, eject die cavity by the hydraulic lifting machine then, start gypsum block space anchor clamps then, clamping plays the gypsum block group, along vertical anchor clamps track travel, by automatic fixture gypsum block is caught away, make the gypsum block depanning.The gained gypsum block is a square shape materials for wall, has groove and key all around.
Adopt the artificial seasoning mode, space anchor clamps clamping plays the gypsum block group, is placed on the kiln car, advances tunnel drying kiln artificial seasoning.The tunnel drying kiln artificial seasoning time is about 24h.
Dried gypsum block, specification are 666mm * 500mm, and 3 area sums are 1m
2, thickness 100mm.
Fire resistance (carrying out GB/T9978-1999) is 100mm:240mins FRP; Sound-proofing properties (BS EN ISO140-3:1995) is 100mm:41dB STC.
Water repelling property (carrying out BS EN 12589:2001 Part 5.8) satisfies puts that 2 hours water-intake rates do not exceed 5% of own weight in the water into.
Through product after the assay was approved, unload the loading of building block machine through packing plant by machinery, building block is tied bundled usually by cargo transport forklift transportation warehouse-in.
780 kilograms/square metre of gained the finished product gypsum block unit weights, gypsum block is firm, and the intensity height is indeformable, and breaking load can reach more than 3,000 thousand Ns.Sound-proofing properties is good, and the individual layer weighted transmission loss is the 37-41 decibel, and the double layer sandwich system more can reach 64 decibels.
The preparation of gypsum block:
Weigh and get the raw materials ready:
● desulfurated plaster powder 100Kg
● methyl silicon sodium alcoholate 1.2Kg
● diatomite 2.5Kg
● PP fiber 0.1Kg
● perlite 1.8Kg
● sodium lauryl sulphate 2.2Kg
Natural gesso and 95Kg water are entered stirrer through automatic metering system, start stirrer, stir 1～2min, make abundant stirring pulping, the gypsum slip that mixes is poured in the shaper formwork erection chamber, automatically scrape mouth by solutioning machine after the initial set, eject die cavity by the hydraulic lifting machine then, start gypsum block space anchor clamps then, clamping plays the gypsum block group, along vertical anchor clamps track travel, by automatic fixture gypsum block is caught away, make the gypsum block depanning.The gained gypsum block is a square shape materials for wall, has groove and key all around.
Mode when adopting seasoning, space anchor clamps clamping plays the gypsum block group, is placed on the dry shelf, and the mode of transport of leading to dry place is finished with waggon, the seasoning place should be very smooth, and dry shelf should be aligned to and make gypsum block always be in the position parallel with direction of ventilation.
Dried gypsum block is high density product, and specification is 333mm * 500mm, and 6 area sums are 1m
2, thickness 100mm.
Fire resistance (carrying out GB/T9978-1999) is 100mm:240mins FRP; Sound-proofing properties (BS EN ISO140-3:1995) is 100mm:46dB STC.
Water repelling property (carrying out BS EN 12589:2001 Part 5.8) satisfies puts that 2 hours water-intake rates do not exceed 5% of own weight in the water into.
Through product after the assay was approved, unload the loading of building block machine through packing plant by machinery, building block is tied bundled usually by cargo transport forklift transportation warehouse-in.
850 kilograms/square metre of gained the finished product gypsum block unit weights, gypsum block is firm, and the intensity height is indeformable, and breaking load can reach more than 3,000 thousand Ns.Sound-proofing properties is good, and the individual layer weighted transmission loss is the 37-41 decibel, and the double layer sandwich system more can reach 64 decibels.
Embodiment 4
The preparation of gypsum block:
Weigh and get the raw materials ready:
● natural gesso 100Kg
● methyl silicon sodium alcoholate 1.5Kg
● diatomite 5.0Kg
● PP fiber 0.06Kg
● perlite 1.5Kg
● sodium lauryl sulphate 2.6Kg
Natural gesso and 70Kg water are entered stirrer through automatic metering system, start stirrer, stir 1～2min, make abundant stirring pulping, the gypsum slip that mixes is poured in the shaper formwork erection chamber, automatically scrape mouth by solutioning machine after the initial set, eject die cavity by the hydraulic lifting machine then, start gypsum block space anchor clamps then, clamping plays the gypsum block group, along vertical anchor clamps track travel, by automatic fixture gypsum block is caught away, make the gypsum block depanning.The gained gypsum block is a square shape materials for wall, has groove and key all around.
Adopt the artificial seasoning mode, space anchor clamps clamping plays the gypsum block group, is placed on the kiln car, advances tunnel drying kiln artificial seasoning.The tunnel drying kiln artificial seasoning time is about 24h.
Dried gypsum block, specification are 666mm * 500mm, and 3 area sums are 1m
2, thickness 100mm.
Fire resistance (carrying out GB/T9978-1999) is 100mm:240mins FRP; Sound-proofing properties (BS EN ISO140-3:1995) is 100mm:41dB STC.
Water repelling property (carrying out BS EN 12589:2001 Part 5.8) satisfies puts that 2 hours water-intake rates do not exceed 5% of own weight in the water into.
Through product after the assay was approved, unload the loading of building block machine through packing plant by machinery, building block is tied bundled usually by cargo transport forklift transportation warehouse-in.
Embodiment 5
The preparation of gypsum block binding agent:
Prepare rubber powder earlier: methyl acrylate and acryl-modified silicone resin resin (SH-024 type, the new four seas, Hubei chemical inc) are mixed according to 5: 1 weight ratios, obtain rubber powder after the drying.Used acryl-modified silicone resin resin leading indicator is as follows:
| Project | Index | Test method |
| Outward appearance | Yellowish to light brown liquid, allow opalescence, do not have mechanical impurity | GB1721 |
| Viscosity (be coated with-4 glasss, 25 ℃, S) | 15～40 | GB1723 |
| Solids content (150 ℃, 2h) % | 50±1 | GB1725 |
| Time of drying (200 ℃, h) | ≯1.5 | GB1728 |
| Thermotolerance (250 ℃, 200h) | Non-foaming, do not ftracture | GB1735 |
Then gypsum raw material powder 100g, rubber powder 1g, citric acid 0.03g are mixed, adding 70g water is stirred into putty and promptly can uses.The operable time of gained putty is 60 minutes, water-retentivity 95%, and more than the intensity 5.0mpa, good fluidity, cohesive force is strong.
Embodiment 6
With reference to embodiment 5, use ethyl propenoate to prepare rubber powder.Gypsum raw material powder 100g, rubber powder 1g, citric acid 0.01g are mixed, add 60g water and stir, add the PP staple fibre in the whipping process, be stirred into putty and promptly can use.
The staple length of PP staple fibre is 30mm, and the fiber add-on is 0.5Kg/m
3
Embodiment 7
With reference to embodiment 5, use the 2-methyl methacrylate to prepare rubber powder.Gypsum raw material powder 100g, rubber powder 1g, citric acid 0.02g are mixed, add 65g water and stir, add the PP staple fibre in the whipping process, be stirred into putty and promptly can use.
The staple length of PP staple fibre is 30mm, and the fiber add-on is 0.9Kg/m
3
Embodiment 8
With reference to embodiment 5, use butyl acrylate to prepare rubber powder.Gypsum raw material powder 100g, rubber powder 1g, citric acid 0.01g are mixed, add 70g water and stir, add the PP staple fibre in the whipping process, be stirred into putty and promptly can use.
The staple length of PP staple fibre is 30mm, and the fiber add-on is 0.6Kg/m
3
Embodiment 9
To guarantee that the smooth body of wall that installs that guarantees in ground, building site reaches perpendicular to smooth before the construction; Use embodiment 1-4 gypsum block and embodiment 5-8 gypsum block binding agent, according to the following table matching relationship, masonry panel:
| ? | Walling system A | Walling system B | Walling system C | Walling system D |
| Gypsum block | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| The gypsum block binding agent | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
The gypsum block binding agent prepares stand-by in advance; At first in the bottom of gypsum block and the vertical binding agent of mixing before spreading on one side; Falcon groove between gypsum block and the gypsum block should be concavo-convex relative, should fill up binding agent between the slit; The installation of upper strata brick will overlap with lower floor's fissure of displacement; Successively install with this method, the corner is engaged; When being mounted to the body of wall top, only needing on fragment of brick, to saw out the inclined-plane and clean out the powder of sawing out; The back is installed to be filled up the slit with binding agent; Fritter can be sawed out to fill up in the space of gypsum block and gypsum block; The slit of last gypsum block face can be repaired with binding agent and be wipeed off.Referring to Fig. 1,1-1,1-2,2,2-1,2-2.
Embodiment 10
The stability of walling system in atmosphere compares:
For check body of wall for a long time in atmosphere internal structure be subjected to moisture attack and hazard rating, designed three kinds of typical environment and observed gypsum block weight and volume change.
Test one: be in 95% the high humidity environment with walling system A long-term storage in relative humidity.Half a year time, test its volume change and changes in weight.
Test two: walling system B is left in the indoor environment observe 1 year, test volume changes and changes in weight.
Test three: walling system C and D are placed under dry and high humidity (humidity 95%) the alternative condition, observe its 30 times after the circulation the building block volume and the variation of weight.
Test four: according to embodiment 3,4, under the condition of not adding methyl silicon sodium alcoholate, preparation gypsum block 3` and 4`.According to embodiment 9, preparation walling system C` and D`.Walling system C` and D` are placed under dry and high humidity (humidity 95%) the alternative condition, observe its 30 times after the circulation the building block volume and the variation of weight, revision test three.
Test one shows with test two results, walling system A and B in the environment of high humidity and indoor moisture uptake very limited, generally fluctuate up and down in 1% scope.The gypsum block pore texture has respiratory function, i.e. the inner water capacity of building block was less than 1% o'clock, and its can absorb moisture from atmosphere, if water capacity is greater than 1% when above, and the water capacity exhalation that it again will be unnecessary, the balance of maintenance building block water capacity.The moisture absorption of gypsum block restricted property in atmosphere and hydrofuge function can be the room and build the suitable comfortable space of humidity.
After 30 drying and watering cycles of test specimen experience of testing in three, total situation is that weight in wet base is done gently, and volume change is wet greater than dried, but totally is still expansion.In cyclic wetting and drying test, although the rate of expansion of being surveyed is very little, the every experience of test specimen once circulates, and its rate of expansion will rise a bit, and 30 times the rate of expansion that circulates has risen to 0.07%.
In test four, the gypsum block that walling system C` and D` are put, rate of expansion rises to 0.09%, has the expansion damage sign.
Above-mentioned test shows that gypsum block has satisfactory stability in atmosphere, and water capacity can obviously not influence its mechanical strength only in 1% fluctuation up and down, and it is secular stable that body of wall can keep.And test three, four explanations, and gypsum block should not directly be used in the environment of alternation of wetting and drying, if usefulness, one deck waterproof mortar must be smeared in the surface, directly contacts with this environment to stop gypsum block.
Embodiment 11
Embodiment 1 gypsum block is compared with husky brick of cement and light brick:
More as can be known, gypsum block of the present invention is built height by laying bricks or stones and can be reached 7 meters under the situation that does not need brandreth to support by last table, and this is for existing like product, and performance has obvious lifting.Simultaneously, produce and use in not discharging waste gas, waste residue, waste water and harmful material, free from environmental pollution.
Embodiment 12
Embodiment 1 gypsum block is compared with husky brick of cement and light brick:
More as can be known, gypsum block of the present invention is built height by laying bricks or stones and can be reached 7 meters under the situation that does not need brandreth to support by last table, and this is for existing like product, and performance has obvious lifting.Simultaneously, gypsum is nontoxic, also can be used for food-processing, be used as medicine, but the waste product utilization, recycling, health, free from environmental pollution, belong to environment-friendly building materials.
Claims (10)
1. an environmental protection walling system is spliced to form by a plurality of rectangle gypsum blocks, and splicing place connects by the gypsum block adhesive cures; After described gypsum block adds the water stirring by gypsum raw material, casting, the gypsum block rectangular edges has concave groove and convex key; Described gypsum block binding agent is Powdered, is made of gypsum raw material, adds water before the use and stirs and get final product, and it is characterized in that: described each component of gypsum block binding agent constitutes:
Gypsum raw material powder 100 weight parts;
Rubber powder 1-2 weight part;
Calcium sulphate retarder 0.01-0.03 weight part;
Described rubber powder mixes formation by acrylate and aliphatics silane according to 5: 1 weight ratio.
2. walling system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described acrylate is one or more in methyl acrylate, ethyl propenoate, 2-methyl methacrylate, ethyl 2-methacrylate and the butyl acrylate; Described aliphatics silane silicon is the acryl-modified silicone resin resin.
3. walling system according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described calcium sulphate retarder is citric acid and salt thereof, citric acid and salt thereof mix weight, be less than 0.03% with respect to gypsum raw material; Preferred 0.01%.
4. walling system according to claim 2 is characterized in that, adds filamentary material in the described gypsum block binding agent; With respect to binding agent, addition is 0.5-0.9Kg/m
3
5. walling system according to claim 4 is characterized in that described filamentary material is the PP staple fibre, and staple length is at 30-100mm.
6. according to the described walling system of the arbitrary claim of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, contain organic silanol water-resisting agent in the described gypsum block raw material; Organic silanol water-resisting agent is a methyl silicon sodium alcoholate, is 0.8-2.0% with respect to the addition of gypsum part quality, is preferably 0.8-1.0%.
7. walling system according to claim 6 is characterized in that, contains the diatomite of 1-5% weight ratio in the described gypsum block.
8. walling system according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described gypsum block raw material contains filamentary material, light-weight aggregate and/or whipping agent; Filamentary material is glass fibre, polypropylene fibre or polyvinyl alcohol fiber, and addition is the 0.01-0.1% weight ratio with respect to gypsum raw material; Light-weight aggregate is pearlstone and thin haydite, and the consumption of light-weight aggregate is no more than 10% mass ratio of gypsum powder, and preferable amount is than being 1.5-2.0%; Whipping agent is any in sodium lauryl sulphate (K12), polyoxyethylenated alcohol sodium sulfate (AES), α-sodium olefin sulfonate, the sodium bicarbonate; Preferably sodium dodecyl sulfate; In per 100 weight part gypsum raw materials, whipping agent is preferably the 1.9-2.7 weight part.
9. according to the described walling system of the arbitrary claim of claim 1-8, it is characterized in that, when described gypsum block binding agent uses, add the water of 50%-90% weight part in the adhesive powder, stir, during use, above-mentioned binding agent powder is placed container, add water then, the part by weight of binding agent powder and water is 1: (0.6-0.7), leave standstill and stirred evenly into putty in 1-2 minute and promptly can use.
10. according to the described walling system of the arbitrary claim of claim 1-8, it is characterized in that, during the preparation gypsum block, the various compositions of gypsum raw material and interpolation, mix, the water that adds solid weight 70-95% mixes, and stirs casting, the demoulding, after the oven dry, after check, packing, warehouse-in; When using natural gesso, amount of water is preferably the 70-80% of terra alba weight; When using the desulfurated plaster powder, amount of water is preferably the 80-95% of terra alba weight.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103626416A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-03-12 | 三峡大学 | Alpha type hemihydrate gypsum composite waterproof agent |
| CN104448601A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2015-03-25 | 北京恒通创新赛木科技股份有限公司 | Composite wall material composition, preparation method of composite wall material composition and composite wall material |
| CN106082746A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-09 | 泰安市跨海贸易有限公司 | A kind of additive improving gypsum crystal anti-corrosion performance |
| CN106986604A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-07-28 | 咸阳陶瓷研究设计院 | Insulating light wall slab that a kind of utilization waste residues of polished tiles is made and preparation method thereof |
| CN110306715A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-10-08 | 深圳全景空间工业有限公司 | A kind of brick wall |
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| CN112266638A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-01-26 | 苏州佳固士新材料科技有限公司 | Water repellent based on inorganic silicate and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104448601A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2015-03-25 | 北京恒通创新赛木科技股份有限公司 | Composite wall material composition, preparation method of composite wall material composition and composite wall material |
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| CN103626416A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-03-12 | 三峡大学 | Alpha type hemihydrate gypsum composite waterproof agent |
| CN103626416B (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-08-05 | 三峡大学 | A kind of alpha semi-hydrated gypsum composite water-proof agent |
| CN106082746A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-09 | 泰安市跨海贸易有限公司 | A kind of additive improving gypsum crystal anti-corrosion performance |
| CN106986604A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-07-28 | 咸阳陶瓷研究设计院 | Insulating light wall slab that a kind of utilization waste residues of polished tiles is made and preparation method thereof |
| CN110306715A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-10-08 | 深圳全景空间工业有限公司 | A kind of brick wall |
| CN110984425A (en) * | 2019-12-21 | 2020-04-10 | 深圳全景空间工业有限公司 | Method for composing picture by utilizing staggered wall and staggered wall |
| CN112266638A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-01-26 | 苏州佳固士新材料科技有限公司 | Water repellent based on inorganic silicate and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114935196A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-08-23 | 南华大学 | Liquid paraffin oil-based air radon removing device and radon removing method |
| CN114935196B (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2023-07-11 | 南华大学 | Air radon removing device and method based on liquid paraffin oil |
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