CN103206457A

CN103206457A - Sliding bearing

Info

Publication number: CN103206457A
Application number: CN2013101112048A
Authority: CN
Inventors: G·莱恩纳德里
Original assignee: Miba Gleitlager Austria GmbH
Current assignee: Miba Gleitlager Austria GmbH
Priority date: 2012-01-16
Filing date: 2013-01-16
Publication date: 2013-07-17
Also published as: CH706054A2; DK201370019A; AT511434B1; JP2013145052A; KR20130084267A; AT511434A4

Abstract

The invention relates to a sliding bearing (1) comprising a backing layer (2) and a sliding layer (3), wherein the sliding layer (3) in a plane in at least a first region (8) and at least a second region (9) is divided, and wherein the at least one first portion (8) of AISn40Cu and at least one second region (9) consist of a white metal.

Description

Sliding bearing

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method that is used for making multilayer plain bearing, on the matrix surface of matrix, deposit at least one layer, particularly sliding layer by gunite according to this method, the present invention and relate to a kind of sliding bearing, it comprises supporting layer and sliding layer, wherein, this sliding layer is divided at least two zones in a plane.

Background technique

The friction layer of the routine of sliding bearing or by soft material constitutes as lead, tin, bismuth, and perhaps by hard material, for example nickel, silver or Cuprum alloy constitute.Soft friction layer is characterised in that the high embeddability of its relative dirt and impurity particle, but quick abrasion or fracture when very high at load.Hard friction layer has high wear resistance and can bear high load, but violent to the dirt particle reaction.

In order to solve this conflict, in from same claimant's WO2009/059344A2, recommend a kind of sliding bearing, in this sliding bearing, friction layer is made of with relative softer second portion friction layer first portion's friction layer at least, wherein, the second portion friction layer bed thickness that has variation at length and/or the width of rubbing surface at least.

EP 0 677 149 B1 have described a kind of composite sliding bearing with opposed end seamed edge, it has carrier layer, the mesosphere of being made by the material with definite hardness and the sliding layer of being made less than the material of the hardness of intermediate layer material by the hardness that has, wherein, this sliding layer is arranged at least one major component in mesosphere and has inner side surface.Described mesosphere has inner radial surface, this internal surface is limited by a pair of surface that is eccentric in bearing, wherein, each surface on every pair of surface is prolonged cutting lines and is cut apart, at least a portion periphery that this cutting lines is extended by the periphery of bearing extends and hides and tilt about the opposed end seamed edge of bearing, wherein, described surface descends from corresponding cutting lines, in order to reduce the mesosphere to the thickness of cutting lines, and the inner radial surface of sliding layer has radius of curvature, and this radius of curvature maximum equals the distance between each point of the axis of bearing and every cutting lines.Make a kind of sliding bearing thus, its all stages in working life all have higher load carrying capacity and higher wear resistance, and wherein, this sliding bearing keeps suitable embeddability, and reduces a loss simultaneously.

DE 38 16 404 A1 disclose a kind of ternary sliding bearing, and wherein, the mesosphere of being made by harder bearing metal only is arranged in the axial edge zone of bearing.At the bearing centre of high load, sliding layer directly supports watt support by steel.Avoid in bearing centre, producing breach thus.

In addition, in the prior art, for example also described so-called zanjon bearing in DE 10 2,004 030 017 A1, wherein, the slip alloy-layer has the zanjon of being filled by soft material, for example tin.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of sliding bearing, this sliding bearing also has the good wear resistance of sliding layer in the good embeddability that has impurity, and a kind of method for the manufacture of this sliding bearing is provided.

Described purpose is achieved by starting described method on the one hand, in the method, described layer is made by AlSn40Cu and Babbitt, wherein, in the first step, AlSn40Cu only is coated in the zone of at least one restriction on the matrix, wherein, the other zone that matrix surface should not be coated with AlSn40Cu prevents deposition with the veil protection, and spraying coating is passed through with Babbitt in one or more said other zones at least one second step, or in the first step, whole ground apply AlSn40Cu and in the step of following in one or more described other zones at least part of being removed, and in the step of following, be one or more described other zone-coating by spraying with Babbitt; Described purpose and be achieved by a kind of sliding bearing, in this sliding bearing, at least one first area AlSn40Cu constitutes and at least one second area is made of Babbitt.

At this advantageously: by use veil or template-so that hide thus matrix, for example sliding bearing halfliner a kind of possibility in zone-provide now with the AlSn40Cu coating is not provided: two kinds of materials or all material of structure sliding layer directly contact with the ground of this sliding layer, no longer need to consider the material adhesion strength each other for sliding layer thus, this is because the layer that be in this matrix under of this adhesion strength by matrix or sliding bearing is achieved.Can use thus can not use so far be used for the sliding bearing layer, especially for the combination of the material of sliding layer, thereby can make the sliding bearing of realizing above-mentioned purpose better, this purpose namely is to realize embeddability and adaptability better on the one hand, and realizes bearing capacity or wear resistance on the other hand better.In addition, improve Economy for the manufacture of described sliding bearing by gunite, particularly when making each layer of sliding bearing, designed the application to different materials thus more economically.The material that is used for obtaining the zone-described powder type of the sliding layer made by different materials by the material that adopts powder type by the advantage that gunite applies-realizes on the one hand is: the coating that can more on purpose finish matrix based on the particulate forms of powder, namely avoid material " race " in adjacent layer region, wherein the advantage that realizes on the other hand is: physical connection or mechanical connection by gunite formation storeroom in the borderline region between material, can improve the bonding of sliding layer thus.Connection in the borderline region between the zone that is made from a variety of materials by structure can stop material so degree ground wearing and tearing too early in addition, that is, material runs off in sliding bearing life cycle subsequently.The advantage that the combination of AlSn40Cu and Babbitt has is: can provide the zone that mechanically has high load capacity by AlSn40Cu, and provide softer zone by Babbitt on the other hand.At this, when material can not bear the high load of sliding bearing, AlSn40Cu " support " Babbitt.Can provide a kind of sliding bearing thus, particularly at first phase run, this just phase run insufficient lubrication or also oiling agent of no use come lubricating bearings, described sliding bearing has high load capacity and however because Babbitt but has bearing surface lubricity or that lubricate is arranged.The sliding bearing, particularly diameter that can be provided for especially big diesel engine, particularly two stroke engine thus especially is greater than 500 millimeters main bearing or be used for the cross head bearing of two stroke engine.

A kind of enforcement flexible program according to the present invention is set: at first whole ground of Babbitt is coated on the matrix, and subsequently by the machinery of layer is reprocessed to expose AlSn40Cu.The holiday that for example may occur when AlSn40Cu does not absolutely fill the first area can access better compensation thus, and the odds ratio that wherein realizes also is outward: by avoiding can designing coating procedure more simply for the veil of deposition Babbitt.On the other hand equally can be used for shielding matrix surface be used for depositing Babbitt at matrix with the veil in the zone of AlSn40Cu coating, just can improve Economy in this point thus and can abandon removing excess stock after machinery reprocessing, and can save material for coating in addition.

In the preferred enforcement flexible program of this method, according to the cool air injection method or with plasma jet method or metal jet method, particularly high speed metal jet method or metal wire rod gunite or similarly gunite apply wherein at least a material.Advantage is: particle collides on the matrix with very high speed, although the material of use powder type also can be at the very high bed thickness of the protoxydic acquisition simultaneously of particle thus.In addition, compare with other gunite, the adhesion of jetted layers on matrix thus can be improved significantly, and do not obtain the too high thermal force of matrix self at this.The advantage that realizes in addition during with the cool air injection method is: in fact the material of powder type can not change ground---on the powder particle except the issuable marginal layer---is coated on the matrix, thereby described layer shows the characteristic of dusty material fully in practice.Also be applicable to high speed metal jet method more among a small circle.

Can set: the hardness of the hardness ratio Babbitt that AlSn40Cu has greatly at least 20%, particularly at least 25%, preferably at least 30%; in order to give on the one hand sliding bearing thus to dirt particle or because adaptability and the embeddability of necessity of the particle that produces of wearing and tearing, and give the needed hardness of this sliding bearing on the other hand and be used for improving wear resistance.

Babbitt preferably only is coated in the zone of at least one lateral edges of matrix surface.Can avoid the danger of in sliding bearing, corroding (Fressen) that caused by seamed edge load too high when using hard bearing material thus better, wherein, on the other hand after the adaptive end of slip surface to the bearing fitting surface of sliding bearing, just when load was distributed on the whole bearing surface, sliding bearing also had sufficiently high intensity by harder center region.

The possibility of Cun Zaiing is in addition, and each sprays described material with a kind of different injection method, can take material behavior better into account thus, thereby further can improve material in the adhesion strength of substrate surface among the result.

Also possiblely be that deposition has the Babbitt than the bigger surface roughness of AlSn40Cu and/or higher porosity.What can realize thus is, the oil that has improved sliding bearing at the running in stage of the sliding bearing surface topography by the zone that is made of Babbitt holds, thus in running in stage the wearing and tearing of this sliding bearing can be improved significantly.

A kind of enforcement flexible program according to sliding bearing, Babbitt is selected from a group, this group comprises leaded Babbitt, as LgPbSn9Cd (=PbSb14Sn9Cu1), SAE14 (=PbSb15Sn10Cu1), LgPbSb16 (=PbSb16), and lead-free Babbitt such as LgSn85CuNi (=SnSb12.5Cu3.5Ni1.2Cd1), LgSn82 (=SnSb12Cu5.5Cd1), LgSn89 (=SnSb7.5Cu3.5), SAE12 (=contain the SnSb7.5Cu3.5 of 0.1% As), HM07 (=SnSb7.5Cu3.5Cd1), WM80 (=SnSb12Cu6Pb2), WM10 (=PbSb15.5Sn10Cu1).The material that preferred employing can obtain with wire-form, for example SAE12 (=SnSb7.5Cu3.5).Use these materials that the sliding layer that possesses good bearing capacity can be provided, its hardness is not too low simultaneously, for example SAE12.

For the characteristic of improving AlSn40Cu can be set: AlSn40Cu also has other alloying element, and these alloying elements are selected from the group that comprises manganese, magnesium, nickel, silicon.Realize grain refinement and improve hardness of alloy by silicon.Impel grain refinement equally by manganese, but just separated out before silicon at process of setting manganese.Just constituted nucleus thus in the curdled appearance in early days.Can improve durability by magnesium and nickel.

At this preferably, the weight percentage of total share of other alloying element be 3% to the maximum, especially between 0.3% and 2%.Share less than 0.3% can not be born the desired effect in desired scope, and the share of these elements is too high then may to be caused constituting undesirably the frangible stage.

Can apply lubricated enamelled coating at sliding layer in addition.Can improve the running-in characteristic of sliding bearing thus, that is, that the adaptive stage on surface with the axle that supports is finished on the sliding bearing surface basically.At this, the advantage of the hard ground that possesses by AlSn40Cu is: the wear resistance that can also improve lubricated enamelled coating there thus under the situation of high loading.

Connection between the zone that the material powder by different of sliding bearing constitutes can form by cold dynamic compaction technology, thereby not or is not basically changing because of thermal force aspect its characteristic making the material that adopts during the sliding bearing by this connection procedure.

Description of drawings

In order to understand the present invention better, further set forth the present invention by following accompanying drawing.Respectively in the diagram of simplified schematic:

Fig. 1 illustrates the side view of the sliding bearing of sliding bearing halfliner form;

Fig. 2 illustrates to make the device of sliding bearing;

Fig. 3 illustrates a kind of plan view of implementing flexible program of sliding bearing;

Fig. 4 illustrates the plan view of the another kind enforcement flexible program of sliding bearing;

Fig. 5 illustrates a kind of sectional view of implementing the end face of flexible program of sliding bearing.

Embodiment

What at first will determine is, in the mode of execution that difference is described, identical parts are provided with identical reference character or identical member title, wherein, the disclosure that comprises in whole specification can be transferred on the identical parts with identical reference character or identical member title according to meaning.Selected position description in specification, upper and lower, side etc. for example also is can transfer on the new position according to meaning when changing at accompanying drawing direct description and that illustrate and in the position.

Fig. 1 illustrate sliding bearing halfliner form sliding bearing 1 first implement flexible program, it has supporting member 2 or bearing shell and directly is coated in sliding layer 3 on this supporting member or the bearing shell.

What mentioned is at this point, the invention is not restricted to the sliding bearing 1 of sliding bearing halfliner form, and also comprise other sliding bearing 1 or rather, for example back-up ring, axle bush (being shown in dotted line among Fig. 1), equally as the application of direct coating, for example direct coating connecting rod bearing or tie rod holes has sliding layer 3 especially.

Supporting member 2 is made of steel usually, but self-evident ground also can by other, material known in the sliding bearing technology constitutes, for example brass, bronze etc.Give the sliding bearing shape stability by supporting member 2.

Between sliding layer 3 and supporting member 2, bearing alloy layer 4 can be set, as being shown in broken lines among Fig. 1.

Bearing alloy layer 4 can be made of prior art bearing metal known, that be used for such sliding bearing 1 common in principle.The example that is used for bearing alloy layer 3 is:

Palium, particularly:

AlSn6CuNi、AlSn20Cu、AlSi4Cd、AlCd3CuNi、AlSi11Cu、AlSn6Cu、AlSn25CuMn、AlSi11CuMgNi；

Copper base bearing metal, particularly:

CuSn10、CuAl10Fe5Ni5、CuZn31Si1、CuPb24Sn2、CuSn8Bi10、CuSn5Zn；

Karmarsch alloy, particularly:

SnSb8Cu4、SnSb12Cu6Pb。

Also can adopt the nickel-base alloy, silver-base alloy, ferrous alloy or the chromium-base alloy that are different from above-mentioned bearing metal.

Possible is between each layer, just for example to be provided with one deck binder couse form or the diffusion impervious layer form at least mesosphere between supporting member 2 and the bearing alloy layer 4 and/or between bearing alloy layer 4 and sliding layer 4 at least in addition.Binder couse or diffusion impervious layer can be by constituting this common material, for example by aluminium lamination, tin layer, copper layer, nickel dam, silver layer or their alloy, particularly get alloy and constitute.

Diffusion impervious layer has 1 micron to 3 microns little bed thickness usually.Binder couse can have maximum 0.3 millimeter bed thickness.

The bed thickness that bearing alloy layer 4 can have be selected from have 100 microns, the scope of preferred 300 microns lower limit and 6 millimeters, the preferred 3 millimeters upper limit, the bed thickness that supporting member 2 can have be selected from have 1 millimeter, the scope of preferred 2 millimeters lower limit and 40 millimeters, the preferred 20 millimeters upper limit.

According to the present invention, the sliding layer 3 of sliding bearing 1 by multiple, that is to say that at least two kinds of different materials constitute, these materials are arranged in the discontinuous zone in substrate, that is to say under the simple scenario to be set directly on the supporting member 2.If between other each layer of sliding layer 3 and sliding bearing 1, should have the mesosphere, then therewith correspondingly mutually folded the arrange structure of described substrate by corresponding each layer constitute, just for example constitute by the structure that arranges of supporting member 2 together with bearing alloy layer disposed thereon 4.

It is to be noted at this point, next aspect the present invention, only relate to sliding layer 3 more.But self-evidently within the scope of the invention possible be, other layer of sliding bearing 1, the bearing alloy layer 4 that exists in case of necessity particularly, also make by discontinuous zone different, that have different materials according to the present invention, wherein, the combination of each layer also is possible, in this combination in these layers every layer or these layers two-layer at least each constituted by multiple different material.For the situation of being made bearing alloy layer 4 by at least two kinds of different materials, these materials can be selected from aforementioned material, wherein, as long as sliding bearing 1 is made, particularly made by means of cool air injection or high speed metal (HVF) injection by the preferred enforcement flexible program of this method, just can realize whole combinations of these materials.

Fig. 2 illustrates the reduced graph of signal greatly that carries out coating procedure with 5 pairs of supporting members of first material 2.For this reason supporting member 2 be placed with veil 6-in Fig. 2 for the former of better clarity thereby veil 6 is shown certain distance-and by means of plater 7 material 5 is deposited on the first area 8 is arranged apart from the surface of supporting member 2.This first area 8 implements to extend until two of supporting member 2 distolateral seamed edge zones from middle zone in flexible program 1 at this, thus just in the zone of lateral edges-along the necking down of two sides of circumferential observation-this first area 8 of existence of sliding bearing 1.Correspondingly be formed with veil 6 or template for this reason, make the other zone 9 of these two necking downs capped and thus in this first coating step not by material 5 coatings.

Also the possibility of Cun Zaiing is, by the holding device of outside with the distance substrate, just the little distance on the surface of supporting member 2 keeps veil 6, wherein, this distance can be selected from the scope of the upper limit of lower limit with 0.5 millimeter and 20 millimeters, is selected from the scope of the upper limit of lower limit with 1 millimeter and 9 millimeters especially.

Plater 7 comprises nozzle 10, and material 5 sprays from this nozzle.In addition, described plater 7 comprises the different feeding mechanism for material 5 self-evidently, but these feeding mechanisms do not illustrate in Fig. 2.

In case veil 6 is just removed by material 5 coatings in described first area 8.Two zone 9 usefulness are different from the other material coating of material 5 in ensuing coating step.Can so carry out coating at this, make substrate, just supporting member 2 whole surface on the inner side surface, that is to say can be on the surface of the structural element that will support, with this other material coating.In other words, just same by described other material coating by the zone 8 of material 5 coatings before.In this enforcement flexible program of this method, in the process step that finishes, carry out the particularly reprocessing of machinery, for example bore by smart, the material that is coated in the surplus on the zone 8 in this essence is bored is removed again, thereby two

zones

8,9, that is to say material 5 and described other material, visible on the sliding bearing of completion and can be placed in and abut on the member that needs supporting.

The possibility that exists in a kind of method flexible program is for this reason, and zone another veil of 8 usefulness covers and has only the other material of zone 9 usefulness again by plater 7 coatings.

Produce sliding layer 3 by this method, this sliding layer by at least two kinds of materials of different nature constitute-also can be the

zone

8,9 of sliding layer 3 structures more than two at sliding bearing 1 when needing, and possiblely in addition be, the material more than two kinds of different nature is adopted in a plurality of zone, wherein, the material that constitutes sliding layer 3 is with substrate, just directly contact with supporting member 2 in this case.The hard material coating 8 use in the zone, and regional 9 usefulness softer material coating by comparison.

Also the possibility of Cun Zaiing is: in first method step 5 whole ground of first material are coated on the matrix.In this case, in another method step, at least one other zone 9 is by for example carrying out side turning or making space circle or rounding that is used for zone 9 in the zone in this vertical lateral edges by tiltedly boring at one-sided or bilateral in the zone of vertical lateral edges of sliding bearing 1.Usually can be by machining as boring or first material in the zone 9 is removed in grinding again.

Can be with AlSn40Cu as material 5.In case of necessity, this acieral can be provided with other alloying element.These alloying elements can be selected from the group that comprises manganese, magnesium, nickel, silicon.When the weight percentage of total share of alloying element is limited in maximumly 3% the time, be favourable at this.The weight percentage of this total share especially can be between 0.3% and 2%.

Possiblely at this be: the weight percentage of the share of the manganese that comprises is between 0.05% and 1.5%.

The weight percentage of the share of the magnesium that comprises can be between 0.1% and 1.5%.

The weight percentage of the share of the nickel that comprises can be between 0.1% and 1.5%.

The weight percentage of the share of the silicon that comprises can be between 0.2% and 2%.

The other material that is used for zone 9 is Babbitt.This Babbitt can be selected from a group, this group comprises leaded Babbitt such as LgPbSn9Cd, SAE14, LgPbSb16, and lead-free Babbitt such as LgSn85CuNi, LgSn82, LgSn89, SAE12, HM07, WM80, WM10 (material composition is seen the top).The material that preferred employing can obtain with wire-form, as SAE12 (=SnSb7.5Cu3.5).

Preferable material is combined as for example AlSn40Cu/SAE12 or AlSn25CuMn/LgSn82.

In a kind of preferred form of implementation, with the cool air injection method or with the plasma jet method or with the metal jet method, particularly carry out the coating of material 5 and at least a other material with high speed metal jet method or metal wire rod gunite, wherein, the combination of these two kinds of methods also is possible, the harder AlSn40Cu that for example is used for zone 8 applies by means of the high speed metal jet, and applies by means of cool air injection for the Babbitt in zone 9.

The cool air injection method is known in sliding bearing manufacturing field in principle.For example WO 2005/033353 A2 from the applicant has described a kind of for the method for making composite material under the situation that adopts cool air injection.By DE 10 2,004 043 914 A1 also known come sliding bearing is carried out coating by means of cool air injection.

In cool air injection, the material of known material, particularly powder type is accelerated to high relatively speed, and next with high velocity impact to the surface of substrate, wherein, each particle connection fastened to each other in this collision, thereby produce layer closely.

Similarly, the material of powder type is accelerated with the basad surface of high speed, thus equally by colliding on the substrate surface and producing layer closely.But in the high speed metal jet, adopt than temperature higher in the cool air injection under the same case usually.But the favourable part that two kinds of methods provide is, owing to the brief stay time of particle in beam produces (oxidarme) layer of hypoxemia, makes the layer that produces have such composition basically, and these compositions have the constituent element of powder type.

Plasma jet is known equally, and therefore consults relative document.

Because lower temperature preferably adopts cool air injection for the Babbitt that is used for to regional 9 coatings, this is because these materials preferably comprise low-melting element, for example tin or bismuth.Equally preferably use the wire rod gunite.

The material of powder type is to be coated on the substrate surface at a high speed, carry out the compression process of cold power at a high speed by this, thereby in the borderline region between

zone

8 and 9, two kinds of different materials abut against each other there, though these two kinds of materials have different compositions, also can generate the connection of these two kinds of materials by the compression of cold power, even make the sliding layer 3 material difference in layer that is constituted by different materials also have high strength of connection.

Realize and being connected of substrate surface by high striking speed in addition, that is to say on substrate surface adhere to tight relatively, thereby realize layer firm bonding structure, that is to say composite material.If but sliding layer 3 suprabasil, when that is to say that strength of connection on supporting member 2 is enough, the possibility of Chan Shenging is like this: for example passed through method machinery and/or chemistry before coating, from well known in the prior art, make the surface of substrate, the i.e. surface roughening of supporting member 2 for example as these methods.

Fig. 2 illustrates: the semi-finished product of preformed halfliner form are coated.But the possibility that also exists is that coating is carried out on smooth surface, and next just implements the mechanically deformation to the sliding bearing halfliner after finishing whole coating procedure within the scope of the invention.Advantage at this is: AlSn40Cu is connected with the surface of substrate with the cold power of Babbitt ground, this is because in fact do not causing in the material that (with powder type) applies during the deformation process or only causing small variation thus, thereby does not need to carry out hot reprocessing in case of necessity after deformation process.

The speed of particle depends on the material of splash in cool air injection.Therefore, for example for soft material such as tin, speed may be between 150 meter per seconds and 350 meter per seconds, and with it relatively, speed is 400 meter per second to 1100 meter per seconds for copper.Hard material can require higher speed.

Can adopt inert gas such as argon or preferred ammonia as vector gas.

Amount of powder (Pulvermenge) can be with powder size and desired layer characteristic, select relatively as hardness and porosity, and this amount of powder is typically between 5 gram/minute and 50 gram/minute.Select higher value for multiporous layer, and layer needs less amount of powder more closely.

Spray or HVAF sprays that these parameters are similar (HVOF uses oxygen, and HVAF uses air and colder by trend thus) for HVOF, but gas type in addition in addition.Can adopt for example acetylene (up to＞3000 ℃) or hydrogen (up to 2800 ℃) or corresponding mixed gas, for example synthetic gas relatively with desired combustion temperature.

The speed of particle depends on material as mentioned above again.Extra also will consider the waiting time (that is to say nozzle apart from the distance for the treatment of coating surface) of powder in beam, this is because the surface of oxidation particle controllably.

Can as smearing, flood or spraying anti-friction lacquer be deposited upon on the sliding layer 3 with usual way.Can be applicable to all known anti-friction lacquers in the sliding bearing technical field in principle.Can adopt for example teflon as anti-friction lacquer, fluorine-containing resin, perfluoro alkoxy-copolymer for example, perfluoro alkoxy-teflon-copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, the ethylene-propylene copolymer of fluoridizing, polyvinylfluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, alternate copolymer, statistical copolymer, fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer for example, polyesterimide, bismaleimides, polyimide resin, Carboranmide for example, aromatic polyimide resin, no hydrogen polyimide resin, polytriazoles PMA acid imide (Pyromellithimide), polyamidoimide, aromatic polyamidoimide particularly, the poly(aromatic easter) acid imide, come modification by isocyanates in case of necessity, Polyetherimide, come modification by isocyanates in case of necessity, epoxy resin, epoxy resin ester, phenolic resin, polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyoxymethylene, silicone, poly(aromatic easter), poly aryl ketone, PAEK, polyarylether-ether ketone, polyether-ether-ketone, polyether-ketone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene sulphide, propine sulphide, polytriazoles PMA acid imide (Pyromellithimide), polyesterimide, the polyarylphosphorus thing, polyvinyl sulphide, polyphenylene sulfide (Polyphenylensulfide), polysulfones, polyether sulfone, polyarylsulfone (PAS), poly-fragrant oxide (Polyaryloxide), polyarylphosphorus thing (Polyarylsulfide) and the copolymer that is constituted by them.

Preferred anti-friction lacquer comprises that in drying regime weight percentage wants 40% to 45% MoS ₂Weight percentage at 20% to 25% graphite and weight percentage at 30% to 40% polyamidoimide, or the varnish that is filled with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is used for the friction factor of reduction greatly, wherein, in case of necessity can also be in anti-friction lacquer comprise grit be weight percentage maximum 20% share of summation, for example oxide, nitride or carbide, these grits replace the share of solid lubricants.The advantage that this anti-friction lacquer has is, this anti-friction lacquer can be with the form wearing and tearing of relatively little particle, thereby next these particles neither damage the surface of sliding bearing, sliding layer 3 just, also do not play interference effect in the oil circulation.

Preferably adopt the material that is used for zone 8 in order to make sliding layer 3, the hardness ratio that this material has is used for the hardness greatly at least 20% of the other material in zone 9.

In all methods, also there is following possibility in principle, namely, if as previously described like that also under the situation that does not have veil 6 whole ground apply softer Babbitt, this softer Babbitt not by or not exclusively be removed and thus serve as so-called break-in layer.

The possibility of Cun Zaiing is in addition, particularly compares with AlSn40Cu, and Babbitt deposits with higher surface roughness in zone 9.This for example can realize in the following way, that is, with less speed particle is sprayed to the substrate for the treatment of coating.At this, the surface roughness between two

zones

8,9 can have at least 10% difference, and just zone 9 has high at least 10% surface roughness.Zone 9 maximum surface roughness profile height Rz can be selected from the scope of the upper limit of lower limit with Rz10 and Rz50 according to DIN EN ISO4287.Preferred maximum surface roughness profile height Rz is Rz35 to the maximum according to DIN EN ISO4287.

The possibility of Cun Zaiing is in addition, and described Babbitt is for example realized by the powder mass flow of raising time per unit or by reducing jet velocity to compare higher porosity deposition with AlSn40Cu.At this, the porosity of described Babbitt can be than the porosity of AlSn40Cu greatly at least 10%, and particularly at least 20%.

Be mentioned to, if in specification AlSn40Cu is called material, then corresponding form of implementation also is applicable to and has the wherein AlSn40Cu of at least a other alloying element herein.

Be mentioned to: also possiblely in principle be, also can be opposite with the situation in the preferred enforcement flexible program about the relation of surface roughness and porosity.

Fig. 3 illustrates a kind of plan view of implementing the sliding layer 3 of flexible program of sliding bearing 1.At this, the zone 9 in the lateral edges zone-along the circumferential observation of sliding bearing 1-be provided with Babbitt continuously, wherein, the interface between two kinds of materials, that is to say that the interface straight line between AlSn40Cu and the Babbitt extends.Provide a kind of sliding bearing 1 by this enforcement flexible program of the present invention, in this sliding bearing, reduce or avoid the erosion tendency of the hard AlSn40Cu in the zone 8 by high seamed edge load, and realize that in addition the Babbitt softer with respect to AlSn40Cu still has enough intensity in the zone 9 after the adaptive end during the running in stage in the seamed edge zone, makes load to be lifted be distributed on the whole rubbing surface of sliding bearing 1.

What mention is at this point, within the scope of the invention also may be with other

mode design section

8,9 geometric format.

The possibility of Cun Zaiing is in addition, by means of injection method in sliding layer 3, particularly be provided with in the zone 9 of Babbitt and making hardness gradient, wherein, preferably so do not count gradient, make described regional 9 in the zone on surface, that is to say and in the zone of rubbing surface, be embodied as soft and hardness towards the direction of substrate, just for example increase towards the direction of supporting member 2, thereby after running in stage, described softer zone 9 can have higher intensity equally and can help bearing load better thus.Described hardness gradient can for example be realized by different particle speeds and/or alloying constituent.

Fig. 4 illustrates a kind of enforcement flexible program of sliding bearing 1 with the plan view forms of sliding layer 3, two zones 9 that wherein have a Babbitt are configured in the zone of vertical lateral edges of sliding bearing 1 equally, but the extension that does not have straight line, but have the extension of arc, and the extension of this arc has maximum width at least in the zone near bearing axis---observes vertically.

Fig. 5 illustrates along the sectional elevation of the sliding bearing 1 of the direction observation of the end seamed edge of sliding bearing 1.Described substrate is shown again, that is to say supporting member 2, direct deposition sliding layer 3 on this supporting member, depositing Al Sn40Cu and in two side areas 9, deposit Babbitt in zone 8.In this enforcement flexible program, be used for the Babbitt in zone 9 with the bed thickness deposition thicker than the bed thickness of the AlSn40Cu that is used for zone 8.Particularly with the higher the sort of material with less hardness of bed thickness deposition.The bed thickness difference this can be maximum bed thickness, just the bed thickness in the zone of zone 9 Babbitt 10% and 30% between.

For logic it is to be noted at last, in order to understand the structure of sliding bearing 1 better, this sliding bearing or its constituent element part not to scale (NTS) ground and/or illustrate enlargedly and/or with dwindling.

Reference numerals list

1. sliding bearing

2. supporting member

3. sliding layer

4. bearing alloy layer

5. material

6. veil

7. plater

8. regional

9. regional

10. nozzle

Claims

1. be used for making the method for multilayer plain bearing (1), according to this method, on the substrate surface of substrate, deposit at least one layer, particularly sliding layer (3) by injection method, it is characterized in that described layer is made by AlSn40Cu and Babbitt,

Wherein, AlSn40Cu only is coated in the zone (8) of described suprabasil at least one restriction in the first step, wherein, not need not preventing from depositing by veil (6) protection with the other zone (9) of AlSn40Cu coating of substrate surface, and at least one second step, one or more described other zones (9) are come coating with Babbitt by injection;

Or in the first step, whole ground of AlSn40Cu is applied, and in the step of following in one or more described other zones (9) with its at least part of removing, and in following step, be one or more described other zones (9) coating with Babbitt by spraying.

2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, at first whole ground of described Babbitt is coated on the described matrix, and exposes described AlSn40Cu by the machinery reprocessing to layer subsequently.

3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, at the described Babbitt of described matrix deposition, adopts veil (6) to be used for covering the zone of using described AlSn40Cu coating (8) of described matrix surface equally.

4. as each described method of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that described AlSn40Cu and/or described Babbitt apply with the cool air injection method or with the plasma jet method or with metal jet method, particularly high speed metal jet method or metal wire rod gunite.

5. as each described method of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that described Babbitt only is coated in the zone of at least one lateral edges of described matrix surface.

6. sliding bearing (1), comprise supporting layer (2) and sliding layer (3), wherein, described sliding layer (3) is divided at least one first area (8) and at least one second area (9) in a plane, it is characterized in that described at least one first area (8) is made of AlSn40Cu and described at least one second area (9) is made of Babbitt.

7. sliding bearing as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described Babbitt is selected from the group that comprises PbSn9Cd, SAE14, LgPbSb16, LgSn85CuNi, LgSn82, LgSn89, SnSb7.5Cu3.5, HM07, WM80, WM10.

8. as claim 6 or 7 described sliding bearings, it is characterized in that described AlSn40Cu also has other alloying element, these alloying elements are selected from the group that comprises manganese, magnesium, nickel, silicon.

9. sliding bearing as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, the weight percentage of total share of described other alloying element is 3% to the maximum, particularly between 0.3% and 2%.

10. as each described sliding bearing of claim 6 to 9, it is characterized in that, be coated with lubricated enamelled coating at described sliding layer (3).