CN103204044B - A kind of automotive air-conditioning system - Google Patents
A kind of automotive air-conditioning system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103204044B CN103204044B CN201210012176.XA CN201210012176A CN103204044B CN 103204044 B CN103204044 B CN 103204044B CN 201210012176 A CN201210012176 A CN 201210012176A CN 103204044 B CN103204044 B CN 103204044B
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Abstract
A kind of automotive air-conditioning system, including compressor, is positioned at vapour liquid separator, external heat exchanger and restricting element before compressor inlet；External heat exchanger includes top header, flat tube between bottom header, and top header and bottom header；When deice mode, in the coolant of High Temperature High Pressure at least a part of flow into bottom header, and flow into described external heat exchanger from one end of bottom header.So defrost or deicing is the quickest, and deicing required time is shorter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automobile air conditioning technology field, such as automotive air-conditioning system, particularly to a kind of electric automobile air conditioner system
System.
Background technology
Owing to, when winter, heat pump air conditioner carried out low-temperature heating, off-premises station, under certain outdoor environmental conditions, easily produces
Frosting or icing phenomenon, owing to frost accumulated or the accumulated ice of outdoor heat exchanger produce buffer action, this effect decreases by refrigeration
Agent side and the heat transfer of air side, and then affect the heating effect of heat pump air conditioner;The external heat exchanger of air conditioning for automobiles is then
Owing to external environment condition is more severe, this problem also becomes apparent from.
In currently available technology, the Defrost mode of heat pump air conditioner, most mode is after air-conditioning is shut down, cross valve to be changed
To refrigeration fortune running status, first, by heating operation certain time sensing chamber outer sensor or the temperature of interior sensor,
Judge that off-premises station, the need of defrosting, when off-premises station needs defrosting, controls cross valve commutation, forwards refrigeration mode to after shutdown,
Meanwhile, the blower fan of indoor and outdoor is out of service. enter outdoor unit heat exchanger by the coolant of the High Temperature High Pressure of the discharge of compressor. with
The frost being attached on outdoor unit heat exchanger or ice carry out heat exchange, and then reach defrosting or the purpose of deicing.Due to refrigeration mode
Inverse operating, each defrosting of off-premises station is all removal heat from the environment that will heat, and can affect in car in turn is comfortable
Degree.When defrosting time is the longest, the heating effect of air-conditioning more can be affected.This is accomplished by the time shortened as best one can used by defrosting,
And shorten defrosting time the most as best one can, it is the research topic being currently undertaken by refrigeration industry technical staff.
And improving constantly along with quality of the life, the comfort level in automobile bodies is the most increasingly subject to people's attention, and passes
The internal combustion engine type automobile of system, it is possible to use the waste heat of internal combustion engine and the heat of engine exhaust heat compartment, and electric automobile
Or the power of hybrid vehicle mostlys come from motor, the heat having lacked electromotor can utilize, thus is extremely difficult to the winter
It heating requirement.In prior art, it is maintained at, in order to realize the temperature in the compartment of electric automobile, the temperature that human body sensory is comfortable
Degree, the various ways that have employed having heats in compartment, as used independent thermal source, i.e. utilizes PTC to heat；Or utilize gasoline,
The fuel such as kerosene, ethanol heats；Also the employing reclaimer waste heat having, then auxiliary employing independent thermal source；The employing heat pump also having
Temperature in guarantee compartment etc..
But, in above-mentioned various mode of heatings, according to independent thermal source, such as: purely use PTC to heat, then need
Consume the energy of more battery, and then the distance travelled of automobile can be reduced；Heating according to fuel, not only the efficiency of heating surface is relatively
Low, but also environment can be produced and pollute, the load of automobile can be increased simultaneously.It addition, except car during mist in current air conditioning for automobiles
Blowing cold air in railway carriage or compartment, that can cause in compartment when weather is the coldest is uncomfortable.
So at present, those skilled in the art is presently required the following technical problem that has of solution: make air conditioning for automobiles system
The air conditioning system of particularly electric automobile or hybrid vehicle of uniting can be run, to ensure car under round-the-clock complicated weather
Interior comfort level；Additionally make the deicing efficiency that automotive air-conditioning system holding is of a relatively high；Ensure that the cost performance of system is (initial
Cost, operating cost and performance) optimization.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of automotive air-conditioning system, makes automotive air-conditioning system have higher
Deicing efficiency, reduces deicing or defrosting time, thus ensures the efficiency when heating.The present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of automotive air-conditioning system, including: refrigeration mode, heating mode, deice mode；
Described automotive air-conditioning system includes compressor, be positioned at compressor inlet before vapour liquid separator, be respectively provided with
The heater of heat is provided in compartment and the cooler of cold, external heat exchanger and restricting element are provided in compartment；
Described external heat exchanger is micro-channel heat exchanger, and external heat exchanger includes top header, bottom collection
Flat tube between flow tube, and top header and bottom header；It is described that described automotive air-conditioning system is additionally provided with a bypass
The bypass flow path of the coolant of external heat exchanger；
Coolant from described compressor out after first lead to described heater, from described heater out after coolant be divided into two
Individual stream: wherein the first via leads to described external heat exchanger or its bypass flow path, described throttling unit is led on other second tunnel
Part, a selectivity conducting wherein road in this two-way；First via coolant is leading to described external heat exchanger or its bypass flow path
Time, it is divided into again three streams, wherein the first branch road leads to described top header, and the second branch road leads to described bottom header,
3rd branch road leads to described bypass flow path；When deice mode, from the coolant of the High Temperature High Pressure that described compressor, heater come
In at least a part of by the second branch road, and flow into described external heat exchanger from one end of described bottom header.
Alternatively, the second branch road of described automotive air-conditioning system is provided with the 4th electromagnetic valve to control described second branch road
Whether turn on, and controlled when this second branch road turns on by the bore of described electromagnetic valve or the tubing internal diameter of described second branch road
Flow；
Alternatively, the second branch road of described automotive air-conditioning system is provided with solenoid electric valve to control described second branch road
Flow when whether turning on and turn on；
Alternatively, the first branch road and the separate pipeline of the second branch road of described automotive air-conditioning system is to pass through three-way solenoid valve
Or three-way control valve controls the conducting of described second branch road.
Alternatively, when deice mode, when coolant enters described external heat exchanger deicing or defrost, coolant is through institute
After stating external heat exchanger, flow out from the another port of described bottom header, and lead to described restricting element.At this moment, control
The coolant ratio of header bottom the second branch road is directly entered of making is 5%-50%, more preferably 15%-35%, such deicing
Efficiency is the highest, and required time is the shortest.
Alternatively, when deice mode, coolant enters described external heat exchanger deicing or during defrost, coolant be through
One end of bottom header flows into, and flows out from the other end of top header, leads to described restricting element the most again.
Alternatively, when deice mode, when coolant enters described external heat exchanger deicing or defrost, coolant is through institute
After stating external heat exchanger, flow out from the another port of the another port of described bottom header and top header respectively,
By the ratio of the coolant of the another port outflow of described bottom header and top header by solenoid electric valve or three
Logical control valve controls, and leads to described restricting element after then converging again.
Preferably, described automotive air-conditioning system is provided with three-way solenoid valve or two electromagnetic valves to control from described heater
The stream of the coolant after out, when heating mode, three-way solenoid valve or two electromagnetic valves control to lead to described restricting element
Second tunnel conducting, when other patterns, three-way solenoid valve or two electromagnetic valves control to lead to heat exchange or its bypass outside described compartment
The first via conducting of stream.
Alternatively, coolant from described heater out after, before heat exchange outside described compartment or its bypass flow path
In first via stream, it is additionally provided with a stream interface and is connected to described vapour liquid separator, at first via stream to described vapour-liquid
Pipeline between separator is provided with the second electromagnetic valve and controls the break-make of this pipeline, when heating mode, this second electromagnetic valve
Open.
Preferably, described automotive air-conditioning system be provided with the first electromagnetic valve with control described 3rd branch road bypass flow path lead
Whether leading to, when defogging mode, described first electromagnetic valve can be selectively opened to turn on described bypass flow path, in other patterns
Time, described first closed electromagnetic valve.
Preferably, described automotive air-conditioning system also includes defogging mode, and system includes for the blower fan of air-supply in compartment,
When described system is in defogging mode, the wind that described blower fan is sent in compartment is to first pass through described cooler to dehumidify, then
By heater；Described heater can optionally to the wind after dehumidifying to carry out heating or not according to the operating mode in compartment
Heat, to ensure the comfort level in compartment.
Preferably, the air inlet at described heater is provided with the first air door, and the first air door can be with step-less adjustment, by institute
State the regulation of the first air door thus realize the control and regulation of the ratio of the air quantity by heater；
Preferably, described automotive air-conditioning system is additionally provided with ptc heater in described compartment, passes through when heating mode
Optionally ptc heater described in action is to control the temperature in compartment, and the wind in described compartment be first pass through heater,
The air-supply in compartment the most again by described ptc heater again.
Preferably, described restricting element is the electric expansion valve carrying out throttling that can two-way circulate, and described second road coolant leads to
In the pipeline between described electric expansion valve and described cooler, before described cooler, it is provided with the 3rd electromagnetic valve, the
Three electromagnetic valves cut out, so that the second road coolant flows to described electric expansion valve when described second road coolant circulation.
Compared with prior art, the invention have the advantages that the automotive air-conditioning system of the present invention, when deice mode, makes
In the coolant of High Temperature High Pressure, a part of direct bottom header the most serious from icing flows into, and makes external heat exchanger deicing more
Adding quickly, de-icing time is shorter, thus improves heating efficiency；The air conditioning system of the present invention simultaneously, is provided with cooling in compartment
Device and heater, both are respectively provided with, and can avoid the impact of high/low temperature in heat exchanger, to improve heat exchanger service life；And
During defogging mode, heater and cooler simultaneously, it is achieved the effect dehumidifying simultaneously and heating, it is ensured that warm and humid in compartment
Degree, thus meet the comfort requirement in compartment；The invention is particularly suited to electric automobile air-conditioning system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the first detailed description of the invention of the present invention pipeline connection diagram when refrigeration mode；
Fig. 2 is the first detailed description of the invention of the present invention pipeline connection diagram when deice mode；
Fig. 3 is the second detailed description of the invention of the present invention pipeline connection diagram when deice mode；
Fig. 4 is the pipeline connection diagram of the third detailed description of the invention of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the third detailed description of the invention of the present invention pipeline connection diagram when deice mode；
Fig. 6 is that the bottom header of the detailed description of the invention external heat exchanger of the present invention is when freezing in a heating mode
The schematic diagram of frost layer；
Fig. 7 is the flat tube of the detailed description of the invention external heat exchanger of present invention frost layer when freezing in a heating mode
Schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Understandable, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to the present invention for enabling the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage to become apparent from
Detailed description of the invention be described in detail.
The automotive air-conditioning system of the present invention belongs to heat pump, including: refrigeration mode, heating mode, defogging mode, deicing
The mode of operations such as pattern.The first detailed description of the invention of the present invention as Figure 1-Figure 2, wherein Fig. 1 be the present invention the first
The detailed description of the invention pipeline connection diagram when refrigeration mode, Fig. 2 is that the first detailed description of the invention of the present invention is in deicing
Pipeline connection diagram during pattern, wherein the dotted line in figure represents that at this, pipeline is cut off obstructed.
As it can be seen, the vapour-liquid before the automotive air-conditioning system of the present invention includes compressor 10, is positioned at compressor inlet is divided
From device 11, be positioned at compartment heater 18 and cooler 17, the external heat exchanger 13 being positioned at outside compartment and restricting element；
Heater and cooler in described compartment select carry out heat supply, cooling to described compartment or remove according to the duty requirements in compartment
Mist.Heater 18 and cooler 17 can also be arranged at outside compartment, blown in compartment by air supply duct.In throttling unit
The 3rd electromagnetic valve 15 it is provided with between part and cooler 17.Air conditioning system also includes being arranged at heater 18 and heat exchange outside compartment
Three-way solenoid valve 12 between device 13, a three-way solenoid valve 12 also interface is connected between cooler 17 and restricting element
In pipeline；Additionally it is provided with triplate line part 21 on the pipeline between three-way solenoid valve 12 and external heat exchanger 13, three
Another interface of logical pipeline fitting 21 connects has the second electromagnetic valve 19, another interface of the second electromagnetic valve 19 to be connected to vapour liquid separator
The import of 11；After three-way solenoid valve 12, two-way it is divided into: wherein the first via 121 is connected to car from heater 18 coolant out
Railway carriage or compartment outer heat-exchanger 13 and bypass flow path direction thereof, other second tunnel 122 is connected to triplate line part 22 and further by the
Three electromagnetic valves connect cooler or are connected to restricting element；This two-way: 121,122 can pass through three-way solenoid valve 12 selectivity
Turn on a road therein.Additionally from three-way solenoid valve 12 coolant out after triplate line part 21, it is divided into again three tunnels, wherein
First branch road 131 is connected to the top header 134 of external heat exchanger, and the second branch road 132 is connected to heat exchange outside compartment
The bottom header 135 of device, also the 3rd branch road is connected to the bypass flow path of external heat exchanger, wherein present embodiment
In, the second branch road 132 is provided with solenoid electric valve and controls whether this branch road turns on, and controls conducting in this branch road further
Flow；By arranging the 4th electromagnetic valve, other second branch road 132 can also control whether this branch road turns on, and further by the
The latus rectum of the bore of four electromagnetic valves or the pipeline of this second branch road controls the flow during conducting in this second branch road；Additionally bypass
Stream is provided with the first electromagnetic valve 34 and controls the on or off of bypass flow path.Then the bottom collection of external heat exchanger 13
After the other end interface 133 of flow tube 135 is connected with the other end of bypass flow path and collects, it is connected with restricting element.
The automotive air-conditioning system of the present invention does not has cross valve, this avoid in cross valve two runners of high/low temperature it
Between mutually flowing time high/low temperature heat transfer loss, and resistance during fluid flowing also can be relatively reduced；And electromagnetic valve, electromagnetism control
Valve processed, electromagnetic three-way control valve service life longer than cross valve, and manufacture the most convenient, the most both can guarantee that air conditioning for automobiles
In the service life of system, it is simultaneously fabricated into and is originally relatively low.
When needing refrigeration in car summer, the refrigerant circulation circuit of automotive air-conditioning system switches to refrigeration mode, electromagnetism three
Second interface leading to triplate line part 22 of logical valve 12 cuts off, and three-way solenoid valve 12 leads to the first of external heat exchanger 13
Interface turns on, and second electromagnetic valve the 19, first electromagnetic valve 34 cuts out, and the 4th electromagnetic valve or solenoid electric valve 16 are closed, the 3rd electromagnetism
Valve 15 is opened；I.e. leading to the first via 121 of external heat exchanger 13 from three-way solenoid valve 12 to turn on, three-way solenoid valve 12 connects
Close to the second tunnel 122 of pipeline between cooler 17 and restricting element.In cooling mode, the first air door of heater 18 is made
25 apertures are zero, allow air channel bypass, and do not allow wind through heater 18.When High Temperature High Pressure gaseous coolant from compressor 10 out,
When heater 18, owing to now air door is closed, wind not with heater heat exchange；So, through the coolant base of heater 18
Originally heat exchange will not be produced with air；So, coolant through three-way solenoid valve 12, arrive triplate line part 21 again, again to outside compartment
The top header 134 of heat exchanger 13, and header bottom flowing to after being distributed by the flat tube 136 that connects with top header
135, coolant and air carry out heat exchange in the process, owing to coolant is big, so adopting especially with the contact area of external environment
Can be more much better than common heat exchanger with heat transfer effect after micro-channel heat exchanger；Coolant is after air discharges heat, and coolant is again
Flowed out by the another port 133 of bottom header 135, flow to restricting element such as electric expansion valve 14 and throttle, become low
The coolant of temperature low pressure, then by triplate line part 22 and by the 3rd electromagnetic valve 15, then coolant flows to interior compartment side again
Another heat exchanger i.e. cooler 17, here carries out heat exchange with the air in compartment, and heat unnecessary in drawing compartment reaches
The purpose of refrigeration.Coolant, after subcooler 17, becomes gaseous fluid or the stream of low-temp low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase of low-temp low-pressure
Body, afterwards, returns to vapour liquid separator 11, and the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure returns to compressor 10, is done work by compressor 10, then
The gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure becomes the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure, forms a kind of refrigeration cycle.Restricting element can select heat
Power expansion valve；Additionally in the present embodiment for ensure coolant fluid restriction effect, restricting element preferentially select can two-way circulate into
The electric expansion valve 14 of row throttling.
When refrigeration mode, if automobile is electric automobile, the heat generating components such as the battery of electric automobile, motor inverter is also
It is to need cooling, to this end, present embodiment may be used without corresponding airduct introduce corresponding cold wind from air channel to battery
Cool down.One return air inlet additionally can also be set in compartment, the cold wind blowed in compartment is passed through behind compartment again
Airduct is sent to the heat generating components such as battery, to cool down the heat generating components such as battery.
It addition, the wind being sent in present embodiment in compartment is to combine the control of the second air door 23 by blower fan 24 to realize
, the air force of blower fan 24 is adjustable, and air inlet can be new wind or return air, and the ratio of new wind or return air passes through the second wind
Door 23 is controlled regulation.
When needing to remove the fog on the dampness of air in a car compartment or glass, the refrigerant circulation circuit of automotive air-conditioning system
Switching to defogging mode, second interface leading to triplate line part 22 of three-way solenoid valve 12 cuts off, and three-way solenoid valve 12 leads to
The first interface conducting of external heat exchanger 13, second electromagnetic valve the 19, first electromagnetic valve 34 is opened according to temperature situation is optional
Opening or close, the 4th electromagnetic valve or solenoid electric valve 16 are closed, and the 3rd electromagnetic valve 15 is opened；I.e. lead to car from three-way solenoid valve 12
The first via 121 of railway carriage or compartment outer heat-exchanger 13 turns on, and three-way solenoid valve 12 is connected to pipeline between cooler 17 and restricting element
Second tunnel 122 is closed.Under defogging mode, the first air door 25 aperture of heater 18 can be controlled according to temperature conditions be
Open or close or open to corresponding position, allow when temperature is higher air channel bypass, do not allow wind through heater 18；And in temperature
Open air door time relatively low, do not allow air channel bypass, and allow wind through heater 18.When the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure is from compressor 10
Out, when heater 18, make heater carry out according to temperature conditions or do not carry out heat exchange；Then, coolant is through electromagnetism
Three-way valve 12, arrive triplate line part 21 again, arrive the top header 134 of external heat exchanger 13 again, and by with top collection
Header 135 bottom flat tube 136 flow direction of flow tube connection, coolant and air carry out heat exchange in the process, and coolant is to air
After discharging heat, coolant is flowed out by the another port 133 of bottom header 135 again, flows to restricting element such as electronic expansion
Valve 14 throttles, and becomes the coolant of low-temp low-pressure, then by triplate line part 22 and by the 3rd electromagnetic valve 15, then
Coolant flows to another heat exchanger i.e. cooler 17 of interior compartment side again, here carries out heat exchange with the air in compartment, due to
The surface temperature of cooler 17 is much lower relative to temperature in compartment, the most in the process, and the dew of the air before cooler 17
Point temperature, higher than the surface temperature of cooler 17, just has moisture and condenses on the surface of cooler 17 and separate out and pass through to arrange
Pipeline discharge, the content that this reduces the water vapour in air in a car compartment i.e. reduces relative humidity, thus reaches car
Dehumidifying or the purpose except mist in railway carriage or compartment.Coolant, after subcooler 17, becomes gaseous fluid or the low-temp low-pressure gas of low-temp low-pressure
The fluid that liquid is biphase, afterwards, returns to vapour liquid separator 11, and the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure returns to compressor 10, passes through compressor
10 actings, then the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure is become the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure, form one except mist circulation.And work as temperature
Time relatively low, external heat exchanger can not select heat exchange, even if the first electromagnetic valve 34 is opened, bypass flow path turns on, so
Heat will not have loss, and is all used for heating the air after dehumidifying, thus ensures to need at low temperatures except in compartment during mist
Comfort level.
So during defogging mode, the wind being sent in compartment is to first pass through cooler 17 to dry, the most again by heater 18
Heat, heater 18 can according to compartment in temperature conditions carry out choosing whether to heat, the most again wind is delivered to compartment
In, if temperature is higher, it is possible to closed by the first air door 25, make coolant not carry out heat exchange at heater 18 and air.This
Sample, it is ensured that the humidity in compartment and temperature, i.e. meets comfort level requirement.If additionally needing the mist rapidly removing on glass
When gas or steam, can directly close the first air door 25, and by corresponding airduct, directly cold wind be blowed to glass, reach quick
Remove the purpose of glass surface mist.
When needing heat winter, system switches to heating mode, at this moment three-way solenoid valve 12 lead to triplate line part
The second interface conducting of 22, three-way solenoid valve 12 leads to the first interface of external heat exchanger 13 to cut off；Other second electromagnetism
Valve 19 is opened, and the first electromagnetic valve 34 cuts out, and the 4th electromagnetic valve or solenoid electric valve 16 are closed, and the 3rd electromagnetic valve 15 cuts out；I.e. from
Three-way solenoid valve 12 leads to the first via 121 of external heat exchanger 13 to cut off, three-way solenoid valve 12 be connected to cooler 17 with
Between restricting element, the second tunnel 122 of pipeline turns on.In a heating mode, make the first air door 25 of heater 18 open, allow wind
Through heater 18.When High Temperature High Pressure gaseous coolant from compressor 10 out, when heater 18, wind is carried out with heater
Heat exchange, coolant releases heat in compartment, and then, coolant is through three-way solenoid valve 12, arrive triplate line part 22, then warp again
After crossing electric expansion valve 14 throttling, become the coolant of low-temp low-pressure, then the bottom header 135 to external heat exchanger 13
Second end flows into external heat exchanger 13, and by the flat tube 136 connected with bottom header, progressively flows to top after evaporation
Header 134, coolant and air carry out heat exchange in the process, absorb heat, after coolant absorbs the heat in air, cold
Matchmaker is flowed out by the port 131 contrary with header bottom the inflow of now coolant of top header 134 again, flows to triplate line
Part 21, then returns to vapour liquid separator 11 by the second electromagnetic valve 19, and the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure returns to compressor 10, passes through
Compressor 10 does work, then the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure is become the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure, forms one and heats circulation.
Being not allow coolant pass through cooler when heating in the automotive air-conditioning system of the present invention, the wind of such blower fan 24 blowout leads to
Heat exchange will not be carried out during subcooler 17, and directly arrive the high heater of refrigerant temperature 18 and carry out heat exchange；Additionally this
Bright automotive air-conditioning system also includes ptc heater 26, heats only starting heat pump, and in compartment, temperature also reaches not
To when requiring, ptc heater 26 is actuated for heating, to ensure that the temperature in compartment reaches comfort level requirement.The additionally present invention
In use micro-channel heat exchanger due to external heat exchanger 13, so, coolant can first pass through bottom header when heating
135, liquid refrigerants concentrates on bottom header the most accordingly, and at this, the gaseous coolant after evaporation is then by top header 134
After return to vapour liquid separator and compressor, liquid refrigerants then can be stayed in external heat exchanger 13, thus without occur right
The liquid hammer of compressor, or the supercool efficiency affecting heat pump.
Additionally when winter, owing to the outer temperature of the car in some area is relatively low, when ambient temperature is less than zero degree or close to zero degree
Time, during due to heating mode, external heat exchanger 13 is for cold scattering, and liquid refrigerants also can stay heat exchange outside compartment
In device 13, the most easily make external heat exchanger 13 frosting or icing, and then affect the efficiency of operation of heat pump, it is therefore desirable to
Start deice mode.Specifically, the air conditioning system of the present invention when deice mode ruuning situation as in figure 2 it is shown, at this moment electromagnetism three
Second interface leading to triplate line part 22 of logical valve 12 cuts off, and three-way solenoid valve 12 leads to the first of external heat exchanger 13
Interface turns on, and the second electromagnetic valve 19 cuts out, and the first electromagnetic valve 34 cuts out, and the 4th electromagnetic valve or solenoid electric valve 16 are opened, and the 3rd
Electromagnetic valve 15 is opened；I.e. lead to the first via 121 of external heat exchanger 13 from three-way solenoid valve 12 to turn on, three-way solenoid valve 12
The second tunnel 122 being connected to pipeline between cooler 17 and restricting element cuts off.Under deice mode, close blower fan 24, at this moment
There is no wind through subcooler 17 and heater 18.The gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure from compressor 10 out, when heater 18,
Owing to now not having wind, coolant and heater do not carry out heat exchange；So, the coolant through heater 18 will not produce with air
Heat exchange；So, coolant through three-way solenoid valve 12, arrive triplate line part 21 again, divided by the first branch road and the second branch road again
Being clipped to the top header 134 of external heat exchanger 13, bottom header 135, here the coolant of High Temperature High Pressure adds hot top
The flat tube 136 being connected between portion's header 134, bottom header 135, top header 134 and bottom header 135, makes car
The outer ice tied of railway carriage or compartment outer heat-exchanger 13 or frost melt, and then coolant is flowed out by the another port 133 of bottom header 135,
Flow to restricting element such as electric expansion valve 14 throttle, become the coolant of low-temp low-pressure, the at this moment aperture of electric expansion valve 14
Reaching maximum, then by triplate line part 22 and by the 3rd electromagnetic valve 15, then coolant flows to another of interior compartment side again
Heat exchanger i.e. cooler 17, here coolant does not the most carry out heat exchange with the air in compartment, but can somewhat take away some
Heat, coolant returns to vapour liquid separator 11 after subcooler 17, and liquid refrigerants stays vapour liquid separator 11, the gas of low-temp low-pressure
State coolant returns to compressor 10, is done work by compressor 10, then the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure is become the gaseous state of High Temperature High Pressure
Coolant, forms a deicing circulation.
When deice mode just starts, by the coolant of the gas-liquid two-phase before vapour liquid separator 11, through vapor-liquid separation
The separation of device 11, the coolant towards compressor 10 air entry is saturated gaseous refrigerant, and liquid refrigerant stays storage in vapor-liquid separation
The coolant liquid storage space of device 11, so the capacity requirement of the coolant liquid storage space of vapour liquid separator 11 is described electronic
The 30-60% of automobile heat pump coolant injection amount, the coolant after so may insure that by vapour liquid separator 11 is that gaseous state is cold
Matchmaker；When deicing condition is stablized, its discharge state reaches superheat state at leisure, will not cause the Wet Compression of compressor.
Bottom when heating, the change of the frost thickness on header 135 is as shown in Figure 6, the frost layer on bottom header 135
Thickness is the thickest when coolant import, and relatively thin when outlet, and frost thickness on flat tube 136 is as it is shown in fig. 7, due to cold
Matchmaker is flowed toward header direction, top by flat tube 136 from bottom header 135, and cold-producing medium heat exchange outside compartment
With air generation heat exchange in device, after drawing the heat in air, can be become overheated by the biphase gas and liquid flow of saturation
Gas phase, when gas is overheated, the temperature of its coolant can be raised；So the frost thickness on flat tube 136 is in short transverse
On be the lowest position the thickest, the highest position is the thinnest.This is owing to entering from the coolant of orifice union low-temp low-pressure out
The bottom header 135 of external heat exchanger, then through flat tube 136, then conflux to top header 134, so and working as car
During the outer heat-exchanger frosting of railway carriage or compartment, first frosting layer is at leisure to the top afflux on top from the bottom header 135 of heat exchanger
Pipe is diffused, and this is it is to say, the frost layer of bottom is thicker than the frost layer at top.So the present invention makes High Temperature High Pressure
Coolant is directly divided into two-way and passes through external heat exchanger, the most simultaneously by top header 134, bottom header 135, and one
The coolant of point High Temperature High Pressure enters flat tube 136 by the top header 134 of micro-channel heat exchanger, then header bottom flowing to
135, from the top down external heat exchanger 13 is carried out defrost；The coolant of High Temperature High Pressure is directly by the end of micro-channel heat exchanger
Portion's header 135 enters, and directly melts the thicker frost layer around the header of bottom, and the amount of this part coolant controls entering car
Between the 5%-50% of the coolant portion amount of railway carriage or compartment outer heat-exchanger, optimal value is 15%-35%, and such de-icing time is the fastest, and efficiency is the highest,
Through test statistics, when coolant controlled quentity controlled variable is 5%-50% (confidence interval), in 3 minutes, it is possible to melt external heat exchanger
The confidence probability of ice or frost is about 0.4；And when coolant controlled quentity controlled variable is 15%-35% (confidence interval), in 3 minutes, it is possible to
The confidence probability of the ice or frost that melt external heat exchanger is about 0.85.Come from the angle of the Probability & Statistics of test data
Saying, coolant controlled quentity controlled variable is that the efficiency of 15%-35% is the highest.Finally, two-way coolant outlet of header bottom micro-channel heat exchanger
Place converges.That is, it is in the another port of bottom header due to the refrigerant exit of now external heat exchanger 13, so that
Partly coolant is to be directly flowed through by bottom header, though external heat exchanger frosting or the thickest bottom header of ice
135 can rapid ice or defrost so that external heat exchanger is able to quick defrost or deicing.
It addition, for three-way solenoid valve 12 described above, it is also possible to substitute realization with two electromagnetic valves, specifically,
It is in the first via with the second tunnel, to be respectively provided with an electromagnetic valve be controlled.
The second detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described below, as shown in Figure 3.This embodiment is implemented with above first
The difference of mode is, does not has the 4th electromagnetic valve or solenoid electric valve 16 in present embodiment, but at the first branch road and second
Being provided with the second three-way solenoid valve or three-way control valve 28 before branch road, the second three-way solenoid valve 28 can control the logical of the second branch road
Disconnected, and lead to the bore of the second branch road by the pipeline latus rectum of the second branch road or the second three-way solenoid valve 28 and control to lead to second
The ratio of the coolant of branch road；If additionally using three-way control valve 28, then can directly control to lead to by three-way control valve 28
The ratio of the coolant of the second branch road；So, the ratio of the coolant being directly communicated to bottom header 135 during deice mode the most directly may be used
Control, thereby may be ensured that de-icing time and efficiency.Specifically operational mode is identical with embodiment above, the most multiple
State.
The third detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described below, and as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, Fig. 4 is the third tool of the present invention
The pipeline connection diagram of body embodiment, Fig. 5 is this embodiment pipeline connection diagram when deice mode.This enforcement
Mode is with the difference of the second embodiment above, pipeline connect different, in present embodiment top header with
The another port of bottom header connects the 3rd three-way solenoid valve or three-way control valve 29, the 3rd three-way solenoid valve or threeway control
Valve 29 processed can control to flow to electric expansion valve 14 from the another port of the another port of top header and bottom header
The flow of coolant, additionally in present embodiment during deice mode the method for operation with the most different.
At this moment second interface leading to triplate line part 22 of three-way solenoid valve 12 cuts off, and three-way solenoid valve 12 leads to compartment
The first interface of outer heat-exchanger 13 turns on, and the second electromagnetic valve 19 cuts out, and the first electromagnetic valve 34 cuts out, the second three-way solenoid valve 28
The interface leading to the first branch road is closed, and the interface leading to the second branch road is opened, and the 3rd electromagnetic valve 15 is opened；I.e. from three-way solenoid valve
12 first via 121 leading to external heat exchanger 13 turn on, three-way solenoid valve 12 be connected to cooler 17 and restricting element it
Between the second tunnel 122 of pipeline cut off.Under deice mode, close blower fan 24, at this moment there is no wind through subcooler 17 and heater
18.The gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure from compressor 10 out, when heater 18, owing to now there is no wind, coolant and heating
Device does not carry out heat exchange；So, the coolant through heater 18 will not produce heat exchange with air；So, coolant is through electromagnetism
Three-way valve 12, arrive triplate line part 21 again, again by the second three-way solenoid valve 28, after the second three-way solenoid valve 28, first
Branch road 131 is obstructed, coolant all header 135, here the coolant heated base of High Temperature High Pressure bottom the second branch road 132 enters
Header 135, part directly by bottom header 135 and flows out compartment exterior-heat from the another port 133 of bottom header 135
Exchanger 13, part additionally by bottom header 135, be connected between top header 134 and bottom header 135 flat
Pipe 136, arrives top header 134, and flows out external heat exchanger 13 from the another port of top header 134, make car
The outer ice tied of railway carriage or compartment outer heat-exchanger 13 or frost melt, and the coolant of the High Temperature High Pressure that such temperature is the highest first melts bottom header
135 and the thicker frost layer of flat tube 136 bottom periphery, the heat then as coolant and frost layer exchanges and coolant flows to top collection
Flow tube, in the process, then melts in the middle part of flat tube or even the relatively thin frost layer at flat tube top at leisure, and the coolant of superheat state can be slow
Slowly become gas-liquid two-phase or the supercooled state of High Temperature High Pressure.Defrost or de-icing time so can be made the shortest.
Then coolant flows to restricting element such as electric expansion valve 14 and throttles, and becomes the coolant of low-temp low-pressure, at this moment electricity
The aperture of sub-expansion valve 14 reaches maximum, and then by triplate line part 22 and by the 3rd electromagnetic valve 15, then coolant flows again
To another heat exchanger of interior compartment side i.e. cooler 17, here coolant does not carries out heat exchange with the air in compartment, but
Can somewhat take away a part of heat, coolant returns to vapour liquid separator 11 after subcooler 17, and liquid refrigerants stays vapor-liquid separation
Device 11, the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure returns to compressor 10, is done work by compressor 10, then the gaseous coolant of low-temp low-pressure is become
Become the gaseous coolant of High Temperature High Pressure, form a deicing circulation.
Other three kinds of operational modes of present embodiment are referred to the first detailed description of the invention above, make electromagnetism control
The relevant valve member of system carries out the flow direction that action switching is relevant, makes the type of flow of coolant change, the most no longer enters one
Step describes in detail.
It addition, in the 3rd embodiment, it is also possible to make following change: when run freeze, heat, defogging mode time,
3rd three-way solenoid valve or three-way control valve 29 lead to the first branch road of top header 134 closes, and leads to second branch road of 133
Open-minded；And when running deice mode, the second three-way solenoid valve 28 leads to the interface of the first branch road closes, lead to the second branch road
Interface is opened, and meanwhile, the stream that the 3rd three-way solenoid valve or three-way control valve 29 lead to top header 134 is open-minded, leads to 133
Stream close., i.e. when deice mode, the coolant of High Temperature High Pressure be by the inflow compartment, one end of bottom header 135 outside
Heat exchanger, and flowed out by the other end (one end of header opposition side bottom now coolant inflow) of top header.
In this kind of mode, the coolant of whole High Temperature High Pressure is to flow to top header, no longer from the afflux at top from bottom header
Pipe is passed through the coolant of High Temperature High Pressure.But this kind of mode is also based at the bottom of the characteristic of heating mode heat exchanger frosting, i.e. header
The frost layer in portion is thicker, and header top is than relatively thin feature, makes the cold-producing medium coolant of High Temperature High Pressure from bottom header
One end enters, when the coolant of High Temperature High Pressure (superheated vapor) initially enters the thicker bottom header of frost layer, and now temperature
The highest coolant can carry out heat exchange in the position thicker with frost layer, along with heat exchange and flowing, the temperature meeting of coolant of coolant and frost layer
Decline at leisure, and form two phase flow state, flow into top header, although coolant now is already at supercooled state always
And temperature is relatively low, but the frost layer of top header is also that ratio is relatively thin.This kind of mode preferably carries out resource distribution, and advantage is provided
Source (high temperature refrigerant) is arranged in its place needed most (the bottom header that frost layer is thicker).
The present invention utilizes micro-channel heat exchanger as external heat exchanger, utilizes structure and the layout of micro-channel heat exchanger
Form, and the formation mechenism according to frosting, it is proposed that a kind of quick defrost or the solution of deicing, thus shorten veritably
Defrost time or cycle, and the control parts increased only have electromagnetic valve or Electromagnetic Control control valve, say, that on cost also
Do not have the biggest rising.And use micro-channel heat exchanger to fill as external heat exchanger, low due to micro-channel heat exchanger
The performances such as fluence, high heat exchange efficiency, aluminum are lightweight, can make the initial cost of whole automotive air-conditioning system obtain one effectively
Control.
Although the present invention is disclosed above with preferred embodiment, but it is not limited to the present invention.Retouching in the present invention
In stating, being described as based on position relationship shown in the drawings of some orientation or position relationship, merely to the present invention is described and also
Do not require that therefore the present invention must be not considered as limiting the invention with a little specific azimuth configuration.Any it is familiar with ability
The technical staff in territory, without departing under technical solution of the present invention ambit, may utilize in method and the technology of the disclosure above
Hold and technical solution of the present invention is made many possible variations and modification, or be revised as the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations.Therefore,
Every content without departing from technical solution of the present invention, according to the present invention technical spirit to made for any of the above embodiments any simply
Amendment, equivalent variations and modification, all still fall within the range of technical solution of the present invention protection.
Claims (12)
1. an automotive air-conditioning system, including: refrigeration mode, heating mode, deice mode；
Described automotive air-conditioning system includes compressor, be positioned at compressor inlet before vapour liquid separator, be respectively provided with to car
The heater of heat is provided in railway carriage or compartment and the cooler of cold, external heat exchanger and restricting element are provided in compartment；
Described external heat exchanger is micro-channel heat exchanger, and external heat exchanger includes top header, bottom header,
And the flat tube between top header and bottom header；Described automotive air-conditioning system is additionally provided with one and bypasses outside described compartment
The bypass flow path of the coolant of heat exchanger；
Coolant from described compressor out after first lead to described heater, from described heater out after coolant be divided into two streams
Road: wherein the first via leads to described external heat exchanger or its bypass flow path, described restricting element is led on other second tunnel, this
A selectivity conducting wherein road in two-way；First via coolant is when leading to described external heat exchanger or its bypass flow path, again
Being divided into three streams, wherein the first branch road leads to described top header, and the second branch road leads to described bottom header, the 3rd
Described bypass flow path is led on road；When deice mode, the coolant of the High Temperature High Pressure come from described compressor, heater at least
Some passes through the second branch road, and flows into described external heat exchanger from one end of described bottom header.
Automotive air-conditioning system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that on the second branch road of described automotive air-conditioning system
It is provided with the 4th electromagnetic valve and whether turn on to control described second branch road, and by the bore of described electromagnetic valve or described second
The tubing internal diameter on road controls the flow during conducting of this second branch road；
Or, the second branch road of described automotive air-conditioning system is provided with solenoid electric valve with control described second branch road conducting with
No and conducting time flow；
Or, the first branch road and the separate pipeline of the second branch road of described automotive air-conditioning system are by three-way solenoid valve or threeway
Control valve controls the conducting of described second branch road.
Automotive air-conditioning system the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that when deice mode, coolant enters described car
When railway carriage or compartment outer heat-exchanger deicing or defrost, coolant is after described external heat exchanger, from another of described bottom header
Port flows out, and leads to described restricting element, controls to be directly entered the coolant ratio of bottom header for flowing into from the second branch road
The 15%-35% of the coolant total amount of described external heat exchanger.
Automotive air-conditioning system the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that when deice mode, coolant enters described car
When railway carriage or compartment outer heat-exchanger deicing or defrost, coolant is after described external heat exchanger, respectively from described bottom header
The another port of another port and top header is flowed out, and is flowed by the another port of described bottom header and top header
The ratio of the coolant gone out is controlled by solenoid electric valve or three-way control valve, leads to described restricting element after then converging again.
Automotive air-conditioning system the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that when deice mode, coolant enters described car
When railway carriage or compartment outer heat-exchanger deicing or defrost, coolant is to flow into through one end of bottom header, and another from top header
One end is flowed out, and leads to described restricting element the most again.
6. according to the automotive air-conditioning system described in claim 1-5 any of which, it is characterised in that described automotive air-conditioning system sets
Be equipped with three-way solenoid valve or two electromagnetic valves with control from described heater out after the stream of coolant, when heating mode,
Three-way solenoid valve or two electromagnetic valves control to lead to the second tunnel conducting of described restricting element, the three-way solenoid valve when other patterns
Or two electromagnetic valves control to lead to the first via conducting of heat exchange or its bypass flow path outside described compartment.
Automotive air-conditioning system the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that coolant from described heater out after, arrive
Outside described compartment in first via stream before heat exchange or its bypass flow path, it is additionally provided with a stream interface and is connected to described
Vapour liquid separator, is provided with the second electromagnetic valve in the pipeline between first via stream to described vapour liquid separator and controls this pipeline
Break-make, when heating mode, this second electromagnetic valve is opened.
Automotive air-conditioning system the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described automotive air-conditioning system also includes except mist mould
Formula；Described automotive air-conditioning system is provided with the first electromagnetic valve and whether turns on the bypass flow path controlling described 3rd branch road, is removing
During mist pattern, described first electromagnetic valve can be selectively opened to turn on described bypass flow path, when other patterns, described first
Closed electromagnetic valve.
9. according to the arbitrary described automotive air-conditioning system of claim 1-5 or 7-8, it is characterised in that described automotive air-conditioning system
Also including defogging mode, system includes for the blower fan of air-supply in compartment, when described system is in defogging mode, described wind
The wind that machine is sent in compartment is to first pass through described cooler to dehumidify, then passes through heater；Described heater can be according to car
Operating mode in railway carriage or compartment optionally to the wind after dehumidifying to carry out heating or not heating, to ensure the comfort level in compartment.
Automotive air-conditioning system the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described automotive air-conditioning system also includes except mist
Pattern, system includes that when described system is in defogging mode, described blower fan is sent to compartment for the blower fan of air-supply in compartment
Interior wind is to first pass through described cooler to dehumidify, then by heater；Described heater can be according to the work in compartment
Condition optionally to the wind after dehumidifying to carry out heating or not heating, to ensure the comfort level in compartment；Described air conditioning for automobiles system
System is provided with the first electromagnetic valve, and described first electromagnetic valve can be selectively opened to turn on described bypass flow path.
11. automotive air-conditioning systems according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the air inlet at described heater is provided with
First air door, the first air door can step-less adjustment, by the regulation of described first air door thus realize by the air quantity of heater
The control and regulation of ratio；
And/or described automotive air-conditioning system is additionally provided with ptc heater in described compartment, pass through selectivity when heating mode
Ptc heater described in ground action is to control the temperature in compartment, and the wind in described compartment is to first pass through heater, pass through
The air-supply in compartment the most again of described ptc heater.
12. automotive air-conditioning systems according to claim 9, it is characterised in that described restricting element for can two-way circulate into
The electric expansion valve of row throttling, the coolant in described second tunnel leads to the pipeline between described electric expansion valve and described cooler
In, before described cooler, it being provided with the 3rd electromagnetic valve, the 3rd electromagnetic valve cuts out when described second road coolant circulation, so that
Second road coolant flows to described electric expansion valve.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210012176.XA CN103204044B (en) | 2012-01-16 | 2012-01-16 | A kind of automotive air-conditioning system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210012176.XA CN103204044B (en) | 2012-01-16 | 2012-01-16 | A kind of automotive air-conditioning system |
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| CN103204044B true CN103204044B (en) | 2016-12-14 |
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| CN104422024B (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2019-03-12 | 杭州三花研究院有限公司 | Automotive air-conditioning system and its control method |
| CN106671730A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-17 | 英格索兰（中国）工业设备制造有限公司 | Air-conditioner heat pump operation method and air-conditioner heat pump structure |
| CN113306451B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2023-01-31 | 侯静霞 | Battery pack temperature control device, electric vehicle and control method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101251317A (en) * | 2007-02-20 | 2008-08-27 | 博格思众公司 | Combined heating and air conditioning system for buses utilizing an electrified compressor having a modular high-pressure unit |
| CN101871704A (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2010-10-27 | 通用汽车环球科技运作公司 | Thermoelectric weather control |
| CN102059932A (en) * | 2009-11-18 | 2011-05-18 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Vehicle air-conditioning apparatus |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL98938A (en) * | 1991-07-23 | 1995-10-31 | Uri Rapoport | Refregeration heating and air conditioning system for vehicles |
| JP4134433B2 (en) * | 1999-03-30 | 2008-08-20 | 株式会社デンソー | Heat pump air conditioner |
| JP2005022601A (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-01-27 | Calsonic Kansei Corp | Air conditioning unit for vehicle |
| KR100980092B1 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2010-09-06 | 한국생산기술연구원 | A cooling channel system with a surface contact portion |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101251317A (en) * | 2007-02-20 | 2008-08-27 | 博格思众公司 | Combined heating and air conditioning system for buses utilizing an electrified compressor having a modular high-pressure unit |
| CN101871704A (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2010-10-27 | 通用汽车环球科技运作公司 | Thermoelectric weather control |
| CN102059932A (en) * | 2009-11-18 | 2011-05-18 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Vehicle air-conditioning apparatus |
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