CN103172237A - Method for producing methane in anaerobic digestion by pretreating sludge through steam explosion - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing methane in anaerobic digestion by pretreating sludge through steam explosion. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) steam explosion pretreatment: to be specific, adding dehydrated sludge with 55%-85% of moisture content to 0.5-1% SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) according to mass ratio, then putting into a gas explosion machine, feeding saturated steam with moisture content of 1%-2%, maintaining needed temperature and pressure for 2-10min, and opening an emptying valve of the gas explosion machine for collecting materials; and (2) inoculated fermentation: to be specific, adding inoculums to the preprocessed material, wherein the inoculum quantiy accounts for 3%-50% of the mass of the material, sealing and fermenting after uniformly stirring. The method has the advantages of being capable of improving the biodegradability of sludge, being beneficial to degradation of microorganisms and increasing the utilization rate and gas output of sludge.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of solid waste treating technology, especially relate to a kind of steam explosion technology of utilizing municipal sludge is carried out pre-treatment, improve the method for producing biogas in anaerobic digestion.
Background technology
Day by day serious along with to environmental protection problem, increasing urban construction Sewage Plant process resident living sewage.Municipal sludge is the by product of sewage disposal, and its output is 1% ~ 2% of sewage load.About 300,000 tons of the annual discharging in China municipal sewage plant dewatered sludge, but also with the speed increment in every year about 10%.Municipal sludge contains organic matter by the extremely complicated heterogeneous body that organic relic, bacterium thalline, inorganic particle, colloid etc. form, the heavy metal elements such as the nutritive element such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and Ni, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn.If not treated easily rotten, nutritive element wherein and heavy metal substance also can cause serious secondary pollution.
In the face of arduous municipal sludge is processed handling problems, Chinese Government in succession formulated " pollutent control criterion in agricultural mud " (GB4284-84), " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (CJ3025-93), " municipal sewage plant's sewage sludge emission standard " (CJ3025-93) and " municipal sewage treatment and pollution prevention technique policy ", the processing of mud is disposed has been proposed strict requirement; " organic solid castoff (sludge part) is disposed regulation " (the EPA503 standard) that the U.S. promulgates in February, 1993, and European Union is in the 86/278/EEC standard of revision in 2000, all management and the disposal of sludge from wastewater treatment plant have been proposed comprehensive requirement, the indexs such as heavy metal, pathogenic bacteria and organic pollutant have more been had strict restriction.
At present, the guiding that municipal sludge is processed is to reduce landfill, reclaims as far as possible resource and the energy from waste, and anaerobic digestion is to realize one of this purpose effective means.When adopting anaerobic digestion process directly to process municipal sludge, microorganism is lower to the utilising efficiency of mud, greatly reduces the effect of this technology.Utilize preconditioning technique hard-degraded substance in mud can be converted into degradable substance, when accelerating the digestion reaction process, improved to greatest extent biogas output.The municipal sludge pretreatment process of report has much at present, mainly is divided into Physical (ultrasonic pretreatment, heat treating process), chemical method (ozone pre-treatment, acid-base pretreatment), biological process (enzyme processing) etc.Due to the restriction that is subject to the mud complicated ingredient, the effect of above-mentioned pretreatment process is very limited.Therefore; explore a kind of effective sludge pre-treatment method, not only can improve the efficient of municipal sludge recycling, reduce sewage work's working cost; and can protection of the environment, reclaim resource and the energy, have great society, environment and economy benefit.
Traditional steam explosion is applied to the pre-treatment of various wood fibres, but not yet is applied in the processing of mud.Carry out the steam explosion pre-treatment as Moniruzzaman etc. with bagasse, drawn the conclusion that the steam explosion pre-treatment helps enzymic hydrolysis.Chen Hongzhang etc. introduce the quick-fried treatment technology of vapour in the stalk processing, the difference on chemical composition and structure according to stalk and timber, proposition does not add the quick-fried technology of low-pressure steam of any pharmaceutical chemicals to stalk, and developed that cleaning pulping, hemp cleaning is come unstuck, a series of innovative approach such as the standby humic acids of straw and active oligomeric xylose, and applied for multinomial national inventing patent.Canada H.W. Liu and H.K.Walter etc. are quick-fried for treatment of urban garbage with vapour, studies show that the residual refuse that the quick-fried processing of vapour is difficult to digest, can obviously improve degradation rate, increase anaerobic digestion gas production amount (MARTIN R S, PEREZ C, BRIONES R, Bioresource Technology, 1995,53:217-223; Chen Hongzhang, microbe research and application, 1992 (3): 7-10; Chen Hongzhang, Hu Qingtang, feed research, 1996 (9): 4-5; Chen Hongzhang, Li Zuohu, fibre science and technology, 2003 (4): 31-40).
The steam explosion technology is mainly used in the processing of the low solid materials of water content at present, and conventional municipal sludge water content is 95%-99%, if when adopting the steam explosion technical finesse, main energy expenditure is in the heating of water, thereby existing steam explosion can not directly apply to sludge pretreatment.And the municipal sludge complicated component through dewatering, pretreated difficulty is very large, therefore have no the report that adopts steam explosion to make pretreatment process.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome existing municipal sludge and process the problems referred to above that exist, a kind of steam explosion pretreatment process is provided.The present invention can improve the biodegradability of municipal sludge, is conducive to the degraded of microorganism in anaerobic digestion, has improved utilization ratio and the biogas output of mud.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows
A kind of method of steam explosion pretreating sludge anaerobic digestion gas production is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) steam explosion pre-treatment: after dewatered sludge is put into the gas explosion machine, pass into saturated vapor and make gas explosion machine internal pressure to 0.8～2MPa, keep 2～10min under 150～200 ℃, open the dispensing valve collection material of gas explosion machine;
(2) inoculation fermentation: add inoculum in pretreated material, inoculum size is 3%～50% of quality of material, and rear sealing and fermenting stirs.
The water ratio of the dewatered sludge in described step (1) is 55%～85%.
In dewatered sludge in described step (1), add in mass ratio 5 ~ 10 ‰ sodium laurylsulfonate, and mix.
Inoculum described in described step (2) can be anaerobic sludge or all kinds of commercial biogas fermentation microbial inoculum of all kinds of normal fermentations.
In described step (2), after adding inoculum, add the natural water of 1～5 times of quality of material according to the needs of zymotechnique, rear sealing and fermenting stirs.
In described step (2), in the fermented feed liquid that stirs in proportion with trace element and FeSO
4Add to mix, then sealing and fermenting.
Described trace element is Zn, Mn, Co and Ni, trace element and FeSO
4Add-on be Zn:8～12ppm, Mn:8～12ppm, Co:1～4ppm, Ni:1～4ppm, FeSO
4: 0.5～1.5 ‰.
Employing the invention has the advantages that:
One, the present invention adds 5 ~ 10 ‰ SDS(sodium laurylsulfonate in mud), be conducive to organic degraded in mud, after processing through gas explosion, variation has occured in the character of municipal sludge, effectively destroyed zoogleic structure, discharge a large amount of degradable substance, be conducive to improve the biodegradability of mud.。
Two, the present invention is combined steam explosion with inoculation fermentation, be conducive to the degraded of microorganism, improved utilization ratio and the gas production rate of mud, reduce processing cost, realize sludge reduction, innoxious, resource utilization, had great society, environment, economic implications and wide application prospect.
Three, in the present invention, dewatered sludge is after gas explosion is processed, and unwanted bacteria and virus are killed, and reduces stink and distributes, operation safe.
Four, in the present invention, described trace element is Zn, Mn, Co and Ni, trace element and FeSO
4Add-on be Zn:8～12ppm, Mn:8～12ppm, Co:1～4ppm, Ni:1～4ppm, FeSO
4: 0.5～1.5 ‰, the trace element that adds is the growth-stimulating factor of the plurality of enzymes of microorganism in anaerobic digestion, participate in the multiple Metabolic activity in body, by adding above-mentioned substance, improve the metabolic activity of microorganism, the conversion of reinforcement to mud, the addition of above-mentioned trace element is crossed the needs that can not satisfy at least microorganism growth, crosses and can cause murder by poisoning to microorganism at most.
Five, in the present invention, described mud refers to the mud through processed, and water ratio is the about 55-80%, mud is particulate state, has reached the steam explosion treatment condition, if water ratio is excessive, the existing dehydration equipment of sewage work can't reach requirement, needs further to process; If water ratio is too small, the material yield is low and energy consumption is high.
Six, in the present invention, the temperature and pressure of described steam explosion is 150～200 ℃, 0.8～2Mpa, under this temperature and pressure, make the structure of mud become loose porous by crossing thermal expansion and mechanical tear effect, the effect of microorganism when being conducive to anaerobic digestion can improve the output of biogas.
Seven, in step described in the present invention (2), after adding inoculum, add as required quality of material 1-5 natural water doubly, carry out anaerobically fermenting after stirring, it has adaptability widely, and the anaerobic digestion process of different fermentations concentration all can utilize.
Eight, the present invention is combined steam explosion with inoculation fermentation, steam explosion is a kind of municipal sludge pretreatment process of efficient and cleaning, have high temperature steaming and pulverize the explosion dual function: in the process of high temperature steaming, can moment mud be heated to very high temperature, partial hydrolysis can occur in the material of some bio-refractories; The pulverizing explosive effect is the unexpected decompression due to blasting process, steam and mud are completed the energy release process of physics jointly, the gas that expands acts on mud with the form of shockwave, make it produce shearing force distortion, fragmentation under softening condition, its porosity and internal surface area increase, adopt steam explosion pre-treatment municipal sludge, can improve the biogas output of mud in the subsequent anaerobic digestion process, its efficient is much higher than existing sludge pre-treatment method.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The method of steam explosion pretreating sludge anaerobic digestion gas production is, be that 76.2% dewatered sludge adds 5 ‰ SDS(sodium laurylsulfonate in mass ratio with water ratio) and mix, reinstall in the gas explosion tank, pass into water ratio and be 2% saturated vapor, be warming up to 200 ℃, boost to 1MPa.Dimension is pressed 5min, opens baiting valve, and instant decompression discharges and both gets the mud that gas explosion is processed.Get the mud that part is processed through gas explosion, add inoculum by its mass ratio 50%, then add water adjusting TS concentration to 3%.Add in addition Zn:8ppm, Mn:8ppm, Co:1ppm, Ni:1ppm, FeSO
4: 0.5 ‰.35 ℃ of bottom fermentations 30 days, record that the raw material factor of created gase of mud is 17.8ml/gTS after this gas explosion after mixing.Under similarity condition, be 3.52ml/gTS without the raw material factor of created gase of the mud of gas explosion.After processing through gas explosion, factor of created gase improves 5 times.
Embodiment 2
The method of steam explosion pretreating sludge anaerobic digestion gas production is, be that 76.2% dewatered sludge adds 6 ‰ SDS(sodium laurylsulfonate in mass ratio with water ratio) and mix, reinstall in the gas explosion tank, pass into water ratio and be 2% saturated vapor, be warming up to 200 ℃, boost to 1.2MPa.Dimension is pressed 8min, opens baiting valve, and instant decompression discharges and both gets the mud that gas explosion is processed.Get the mud that part is processed through gas explosion, add inoculum by its mass ratio 50%, then add water adjusting TS concentration to 3%.Add in addition Zn:8ppm, Mn:8ppm, Co:1ppm, Ni:1ppm, FeSO
4: 0.5 ‰.35 ℃ of bottom fermentations 30 days, record that the raw material factor of created gase of mud is 22.4ml/gTS after this gas explosion after mixing.Under similarity condition, be 3.52ml/gTS without the raw material factor of created gase of the mud of gas explosion.After processing through gas explosion, factor of created gase improves 6 times.
Embodiment 3
The method of steam explosion pretreating sludge anaerobic digestion gas production is, be that 76.2% dewatered sludge adds 8 ‰ SDS(sodium laurylsulfonate in mass ratio with water ratio) and mix, reinstall in the gas explosion tank, pass into water ratio and be 2% saturated vapor, be warming up to 200 ℃, boost to 1.4MPa.Dimension is pressed 10min, opens baiting valve, and instant decompression discharges and both gets the mud that gas explosion is processed.Get the mud that part is processed through gas explosion, add inoculum by its mass ratio 50%, then add water adjusting TS concentration to 3%.Add in addition Zn:8ppm, Mn:8ppm, Co:1ppm, Ni:1ppm, FeSO
4: 0.5 ‰.35 ℃ of bottom fermentations 30 days, record that the raw material factor of created gase of mud is 25.8ml/gTS after this gas explosion after mixing.Under similarity condition, be 2.52ml/gTS without the raw material factor of created gase of the mud of gas explosion.After processing through gas explosion, factor of created gase improves 7 times.
Embodiment 4
A kind of method of steam explosion pretreating sludge anaerobic digestion gas production comprises the steps:
(1) steam explosion pre-treatment: the water ratio dewatered sludge that is 75-80% is added in mass ratio 5 ‰ SDS(sodium laurylsulfonate), after putting into again the gas explosion machine, pass into water ratio and be 1.2%～1.8% saturated vapor, keep 2～10min under required temperature and pressure, open the dispensing valve collection material of gas explosion machine;
(2) inoculation fermentation: add inoculum in pretreated material, the amount of inoculum is 45% of quality of material, the rear sealing and fermenting that stirs 50-60 days.
Temperature and pressure in described step (1) refers to 170～190 ℃, 1～1.5MPa.
In described step (2), after adding inoculum, then add natural water, add-on is 40～60% of quality of material, and rear sealing and fermenting stirs.
In described step (2), in material in proportion with trace element and FeSO
4Add in material to mix, then sealing and fermenting.
Described trace element is Zn, Mn, Co and Ni, trace element and FeSO
4Add-on be Zn:10～11ppm, Mn:9～11ppm, Co:2～3ppm, Ni:2～4ppm, FeSO
4: 1.0～1.5 ‰.
In the present invention, described collection material refers to reduce when gas explosion machine internal pressure, and material enters holding tank, and waste gas is from discharge gate bottom discharge, and waste liquid enters bottom by the screen cloth in holding tank, can export from liquid discharge pipe subsequently.Require as far as possible the pressurising time longer in the steam explosion process, curve rises mild, and pressure release time requirement is short as far as possible, generally completes within several seconds, makes mud granule occur to expand suddenly, destroys zoogleic structure.
In the present invention, described natural water can be pond water, and it does not produce restraining effect to microorganism, is of value to fermentation gas.
In the present invention, described inoculum can be anaerobic sludge or all kinds of commercial biogas fermentation microbial inoculum of all kinds of normal biogas fermentations.
Embodiment 5
A kind of method of steam explosion pretreating sludge anaerobic digestion gas production comprises the steps:
(1) steam explosion pre-treatment: be that 85% dewatered sludge adds 10 ‰ SDS(sodium laurylsulfonate in mass ratio with water ratio), after putting into again the gas explosion machine, pass into water ratio and be 1% saturated vapor, keep 10min under required temperature and pressure, open the dispensing valve collection material of gas explosion machine;
(2) inoculation fermentation: add inoculum in pretreated material, inoculum size is 3% of quality of material, and rear sealing and fermenting stirs.
Temperature and pressure in described step (1) refers to 150 ℃, 0.8MPa.
In described step (2), in material in proportion with trace element and FeSO
4Add in material to mix, then sealing and fermenting.Described trace element is Zn, Mn, Co and Ni, trace element and FeSO
4Add-on be Zn:8ppm, Mn:8ppm, Co:1ppm, Ni:1ppm, FeSO
4: 0.5 ‰.
Embodiment 6
A kind of method of steam explosion pretreating sludge anaerobic digestion gas production comprises the steps:
(1) steam explosion pre-treatment: be that 70% dewatered sludge adds 5 ~ 10 ‰ SDS(sodium laurylsulfonate in mass ratio with water ratio), after putting into again the gas explosion machine, pass into water ratio and be 2% saturated vapor, keep 8min under required temperature and pressure, open the dispensing valve collection material of gas explosion machine;
(2) inoculation fermentation: add inoculum in pretreated material, inoculum size is 50% of quality of material, and rear sealing and fermenting stirs.
Temperature and pressure in described step (1) refers to 200 ℃, 2Mpa.
In described step (2), after adding inoculum, add as required the natural water of 5 times of quality of material, rear sealing and fermenting stirs.
In described step (2), in material in proportion with trace element and FeSO
4Add in material to mix, then sealing and fermenting.Described trace element is Zn, Mn, Co and Ni, trace element and FeSO
4Add-on be Zn:12ppm, Mn:12ppm, Co:4ppm, Ni:4ppm, FeSO
4: 1.5 ‰.
Embodiment 7
A kind of method of steam explosion pretreating sludge anaerobic digestion gas production comprises the steps:
(1) steam explosion pre-treatment: be that 80% dewatered sludge adds 5 ~ 10 ‰ SDS(sodium laurylsulfonate in mass ratio with water ratio), after putting into again the gas explosion machine, pass into water ratio and be 1.5% saturated vapor, keep 5min under required temperature and pressure, open the dispensing valve collection material of gas explosion machine;
(2) inoculation fermentation: add inoculum in pretreated material, inoculum size is 20% of quality of material, and rear sealing and fermenting stirs.
Temperature and pressure in described step (1) refers to 170 ℃, 1.5MPa.
In described step (2), after adding inoculum, add as required the natural water of 2 times of quality of material, rear sealing and fermenting stirs.
In described step (2), in material in proportion with trace element and FeSO
4Add in material to mix, then sealing and fermenting.Described trace element is Zn, Mn, Co and Ni, trace element and FeSO
4Add-on be Zn:10ppm, Mn:9ppm, Co:2ppm, Ni:3ppm, FeSO
4: 1.0 ‰.
Embodiment 8
A kind of method of steam explosion pretreating sludge anaerobic digestion gas production comprises the steps:
(1) steam explosion pre-treatment: after dewatered sludge is put into the gas explosion machine, pass into saturated vapor and make gas explosion machine internal pressure to 0.8MPa, keep 10min under 200 ℃, open the dispensing valve collection material of gas explosion machine;
(2) inoculation fermentation: add inoculum in pretreated material, inoculum size is 50% of quality of material, and rear sealing and fermenting stirs.
The water ratio of the dewatered sludge in described step (1) is 85%.
Embodiment 9
A kind of method of steam explosion pretreating sludge anaerobic digestion gas production comprises the steps:
(1) steam explosion pre-treatment: after dewatered sludge is put into the gas explosion machine, pass into saturated vapor and make gas explosion machine internal pressure to 2MPa, keep 2min under 150 ℃, open the dispensing valve collection material of gas explosion machine;
(2) inoculation fermentation: add inoculum in pretreated material, inoculum size is 25% of quality of material, and rear sealing and fermenting stirs.
The water ratio of the dewatered sludge in described step (1) is 55%.
Inoculum described in described step (2) can be anaerobic sludge or all kinds of commercial biogas fermentation microbial inoculum of all kinds of normal fermentations.
In described step (2), in the fermented feed liquid that stirs in proportion with trace element and FeSO
4Add to mix, then sealing and fermenting.
Described trace element is Zn, Mn, Co and Ni, trace element and FeSO
4Add-on be Zn:8ppm, Mn:12ppm, Co:3ppm, Ni:1ppm, FeSO
4: 0.5 ‰.
Claims (6)
1. the method for a steam explosion pretreating sludge anaerobic digestion gas production, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) steam explosion pre-treatment: after dewatered sludge is put into the gas explosion machine, pass into saturated vapor and make gas explosion machine internal pressure to 0.8～2MPa, keep 2～10min under 150～200 ℃, open the dispensing valve collection material of gas explosion machine;
(2) inoculation fermentation: add inoculum in pretreated material, inoculum size is 3%～50% of quality of material, and rear sealing and fermenting stirs.
2. the method for steam explosion pretreating sludge anaerobic digestion gas production according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the water ratio of the dewatered sludge in described step (1) is 55%～85%.
3. the method for steam explosion pretreating sludge anaerobic digestion gas production according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: in the dewatered sludge in described step (1), add in mass ratio 5 ~ 10 ‰ sodium laurylsulfonate, and mix.
4. the method for steam explosion pretreating sludge anaerobic digestion gas production according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in described step (2), after adding inoculum, add the natural water of 1～5 times of quality of material according to the needs of zymotechnique, rear sealing and fermenting stirs.
5. the method for steam explosion pretreating sludge anaerobic digestion gas production according to claim 4 is characterized in that: in described step (2), in the fermented feed liquid that stirs in proportion with trace element and FeSO
4Add to mix, then sealing and fermenting.
6. the method for steam explosion pretreating sludge anaerobic digestion gas production according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described trace element is Zn, Mn, Co and Ni, trace element and FeSO
4Add-on be Zn:8～12ppm, Mn:8～12ppm, Co:1～4ppm, Ni:1～4ppm, FeSO
4: 0.5～1.5 ‰.
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