CN103166881A - Smart antenna calibration method and smart antenna calibration system - Google Patents

Smart antenna calibration method and smart antenna calibration system Download PDF

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CN103166881A
CN103166881A CN2011104251541A CN201110425154A CN103166881A CN 103166881 A CN103166881 A CN 103166881A CN 2011104251541 A CN2011104251541 A CN 2011104251541A CN 201110425154 A CN201110425154 A CN 201110425154A CN 103166881 A CN103166881 A CN 103166881A
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calibration
training sequence
transmission channel
antenna
processing module
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CN103166881B (en
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操陈斌
魏明
邓时颖
赵泉
彭德坤
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TD Tech Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a smart antenna calibration method and a smart antenna calibration system. The smart antenna calibration method includes that an original training sequence is multiplied by walsh codes which are distributed for launch channels of smart antennas in advance to obtain calibration training sequences corresponding to the launch channels, wherein the walsh codes of all the launch channels are different; the calibration training sequences are sent through the launch channels of the smart antennas so that the calibration training sequences are enabled to reach a calibration channel through a calibration network; the calibration training sequences are received through the calibration channel, and the received calibration training sequences are multiplied with the walsh codes of the launch channels to obtain receiving training sequences corresponding to the launch channels; launch compensation coefficients corresponding to the launch channels are obtained according to the original training sequences and the receiving training sequences; and the launch channels are calibrated according to the launch compensation coefficients. According to the smart antenna calibration method and the smart antenna calibration system, high-precision calibration can be carried out on the launch channels of the smart antennas.

Description

The intelligent antenna calibration method and system
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication technology, relate in particular to a kind of intelligent antenna calibration method and system.
Background technology
Smart antenna is the key technology of TD-SCDMA mobile communication system.Wave beam forming technology by based on smart antenna has effectively suppressed multi-user interference, has increased power system capacity.In the antenna system of reality, there are to become error when various phase place and the gain difference introduced with environmental change, device aging, the distortion of amplitude-frequency phase-frequency characteristic, I/Q imbalance etc. as the radio-frequency channel.These the time become the variation that error will cause beam shape and power control precision, thereby reduce power system capacity, affect systematic function, so necessary smart antenna is carried out on-line calibration.
In prior art, typical intelligent antenna calibration technology is channel estimation methods, namely obtains the weight of each carrier antenna by the CIR of the unit of finding the solution, and compensates the difference between each antenna under each carrier wave with this weight.When generally the receive path of carrier antenna being calibrated, the mode that adopts transmission channel emission, all receive paths to receive simultaneously; When transmission channel is calibrated, adopt the mode that all transmission channels are launched simultaneously, receive path receives more.
Receive simultaneously the signal of a plurality of transmission channel emissions due to the calibration receive path of transmitting calibration, influence each other between the signal that each transmission channel is launched, so reduced the accuracy of the weight of each carrier antenna that calculates gained, thereby caused the intelligent antenna calibration precision lower.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the intelligent antenna calibration method and system, to realize that the transmission channel of smart antenna is carried out high-precision calibration.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of intelligent antenna calibration method, comprising:
Original training sequence be multiply by the walsh code of the transmission channel distribution that is in advance smart antenna, to obtain the calibration training sequence corresponding with described transmission channel, wherein the described walsh code of each transmission channel is different;
Transmission channel by described smart antenna sends described calibration training sequence, so that described calibration training sequence arrives calibrated channel through calibration network;
Receive described calibration training sequence by described calibrated channel, the calibration training sequence that receives be multiply by the walsh code of described transmission channel to obtain the received training sequence corresponding with described transmission channel;
Obtain the emission penalty coefficient corresponding with described transmission channel according to described original training sequence and described received training sequence;
According to described emission penalty coefficient, described transmission channel is calibrated.
According to a further aspect in the invention, also provide a kind of intelligent antenna calibration system, comprise baseband signal processing module and calibrating signal processing module, wherein:
Described baseband signal processing module is used for original training sequence be multiply by the walsh code of the transmission channel distribution that is in advance smart antenna, to obtain the calibration training sequence corresponding with described transmission channel, and send described calibration training sequence by the transmission channel of described smart antenna, so that described calibration training sequence arrives calibrated channel through calibration network;
Described calibrating signal processing module is used for receiving described calibration training sequence by described calibrated channel, the calibration training sequence that receives be multiply by the walsh code of described transmission channel to obtain the received training sequence corresponding with described transmission channel, obtain the emission penalty coefficient corresponding with described transmission channel according to described original training sequence and described received training sequence, and described emission penalty coefficient is sent to described baseband signal processing module;
Described baseband signal processing module also is used for according to described emission penalty coefficient, described transmission channel being calibrated.
according to intelligent antenna calibration method and system of the present invention, by being the mutually orthogonal WALSH code of transmission channel distribution of each smart antenna, original training sequence and the WALSH code of each transmission channel are multiplied each other as the calibration training sequence of corresponding each transmission channel, and comprise what whole transmission channels were launched in reception, through the calibration training sequence of calibration network loopback close the road signal after, utilize respectively the WALSH code corresponding with each transmission channel and close the road signal multiplication, to parse the received training sequence corresponding to each transmission channel, and the received training sequence by calculating each transmission channel and the inconsistency parameter between original training sequence are obtained the emission penalty coefficient.Therefore, when adopting a plurality of transmission channels while transmitted signals and adopting a receive path to receive, realized the training sequence phase quadrature that each transmission channel is launched, thereby can be from the receiving sequence that parses the signal of road corresponding to each transmission channel of closing that receives, thereby can calculate accurately the emission penalty coefficient of each transmission channel, and then effectively improve the antenna calibration performance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of intelligent antenna calibration method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is for using the radio frequency network Organization Chart of intelligent antenna calibration method shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of intelligent antenna calibration system of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of intelligent antenna calibration method of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, this intelligent antenna calibration method comprises the following steps:
Step S101 multiply by in advance with original training sequence the walsh code that the transmission channel for smart antenna distributes, to obtain the calibration training sequence corresponding with described transmission channel, and described walsh code (WALSH) difference of each transmission channel wherein;
Step S102 is by the described calibration training sequence of transmission channel transmission of described smart antenna, so that described calibration training sequence arrives calibrated channel through calibration network;
Step S103 receives described calibration training sequence by described calibrated channel, the calibration training sequence that receives be multiply by the walsh code of described transmission channel to obtain the received training sequence corresponding with described transmission channel;
Step S104 obtains the emission penalty coefficient corresponding with described transmission channel according to described original training sequence and described received training sequence;
Step S105 calibrates described transmission channel according to described emission penalty coefficient.
Particularly, be used for realizing that the intelligent antenna calibration system of above-mentioned intelligent antenna calibration method comprises baseband signal processing module and calibrating signal processing module, this intelligent antenna calibration system for example is arranged in the wireless base station of radio frequency network.Fig. 2 is for using the radio frequency network Organization Chart of intelligent antenna calibration method shown in Figure 1.Below in conjunction with Fig. 2, intelligent antenna calibration method of the present invention is elaborated.
As shown in Figure 2, the aerial array of this radio frequency network comprises the first antenna element 211, the second antenna element 212 and third antenna unit 213 (herein only to comprise that three antenna elements describe as example, as restriction).The radio-frequency (RF) transceiver (as first radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 221 in Fig. 2, second radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 222 and three radio frequency transceiver 223) of each antenna element by separately and baseband signal processing module 21 wireless connections of intelligent antenna calibration system, and by calibrating signal processing module 22 wireless connections of calibration network 23 with intelligent antenna calibration system, wherein this calibration network 23 for example comprises and closes road/splitter, and being used for that the multichannel downstream signal is merged into one road signal or going on the way signal is multiple signals along separate routes.
When the aerial array to radio frequency network shown in Figure 2 carries out the transmission channel calibration, generally include following flow process:
Step S1 generates the original training sequence that is used for carrying out transmitting training
Figure BDA0000121264760000041
Wherein A is amplitude factor,
Figure BDA0000121264760000042
Be basic training sequences; More specifically, generate original training sequence
Figure BDA0000121264760000043
Step comprise:
Step S11 sets calibration training sequence length and spreading factor.Due to the online antenna calibration training sequence of TD-SCDMA system generally in the emission of GP time slot, so calibration training sequence length should be less than 96; Spreading factor is relevant to Walsh (WALSH) code that distributes for antenna element, satisfies W=2 between WALSH code length and spreading factor k, wherein W is that WALSH code length, k are spreading factor, and calibration training sequence length=original training sequence length * WALSH code length, therefore usually choosing spreading factor is 5 or 6;
Step S12 sets basic training sequences according to described calibration training sequence length and described spreading factor.When spreading factor was 5, the WALSH code length was 32, and original training sequence length is 2, can generate comprise any two constants discrete series as basic training sequences; When spreading factor was 6, the WALSH code length was 64, and original training sequence length is 1, can generate any one constant as basic training sequences;
Step S13 is according to transmission channel calibration power setting amplitude factor.Particularly, can determine the transmitting power that transmits, i.e. amplitude factor in conjunction with the link gain of transmission channel and signal to noise ratio etc.;
Step S14 obtains described original training sequence according to described basic training sequences and described amplitude factor.Particularly, multiply each other by the basic training sequences of obtaining in the amplitude factor that will obtain in step S13 and step S12, namely obtain original training sequence.
Step S2 is respectively the first antenna element 211, the second antenna element 212 and third antenna unit 213 distributes the WALSH codes.Particularly, from determined spreading factor among above-mentioned steps S11, be in a plurality of WALSH codes of WALSH code exponent number optional three WALSH codes respectively as a WALSH code corresponding with the first antenna element 211, with the 2nd WALSH code corresponding to the second antenna element 212 and the three WALSH code corresponding with third antenna unit 213, preferably, choose three best WALSH codes of orthogonal property in the WALSH code of this exponent number.
Step S3, the original training sequence that will generate in step S1 multiply each other with the WALSH code of each antenna element that obtains in step S2 respectively, particularly, original training sequence and a WALSH code are multiplied each other, and generate the first antenna sing1e unit calibration training sequence; Original training sequence and the 2nd WALSH code are multiplied each other, generate the second antenna sing1e unit calibration training sequence; Original training sequence and the 3rd WALSH code are multiplied each other, generate third antenna sing1e unit calibration training sequence.Due to mutually orthogonal between a WALSH code, the 2nd WALSH code and the 3rd WALSH code, so also complete quadrature between the first antenna sing1e unit calibration training sequence, the second antenna sing1e unit calibration training sequence and the third antenna sing1e unit calibration training sequence that generate, namely the calibration training sequence of each antenna element is uncorrelated.
Step S4, baseband signal processing module 21 make first antenna element 211 emission the first antenna sing1e unit calibration training sequences by the first radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 221; Baseband signal processing module 21 makes second antenna element 212 emission the second antenna sing1e unit calibration training sequences by the second radio-frequency (RF) transceiver 222; Baseband signal processing module 21 is by the 3rd radio frequency transceiver 223, makes third antenna unit 213 emission third antenna sing1e unit calibration training sequences.
Step S5, the first antenna sing1e unit calibration training sequence, the second antenna sing1e unit calibration training sequence and third antenna sing1e unit calibration training sequence are merged into one the tunnel through calibration network 23 and are closed the road signal, and this closes the road signal and is sent to calibrating signal processing module 22 by calibrated channel.
Step S6, calibrating signal processing module 22 receives by calibrated channel and closes the road signal, and utilizes respectively a WALSH code and this to close the road signal multiplication to obtain the first antenna element received training sequence; Utilize the 2nd WALSH code and this to close the road signal multiplication to obtain the second antenna element received training sequence; Utilize the 3rd WALSH code and this to close the road signal multiplication to obtain third antenna unit received training sequence.
Step S7, calculate the emission penalty coefficient of each antenna element according to the following equation:
corr yx ′ = corr yx / A 2 = 1 N Σ n = 0 N y ( n ) · x * ( n ) / A 2 = 1 N Σ n = 0 N B · e jφ ( n )
Wherein, x (n) is original training sequence,
Figure BDA0000121264760000052
Correspondingly,
Figure BDA0000121264760000053
Wherein A is amplitude factor,
Figure BDA0000121264760000054
Be basic training sequences; Y (n) is received training sequence,
Figure BDA0000121264760000055
Wherein, B is the changes in amplitude between received training sequence and original training sequence,
Figure BDA0000121264760000056
For the phase place between received training sequence and original training sequence changes; Corr yxBe the relevance parameter between original training sequence and received training sequence; Corr yx' be the inconsistency parameter between original training sequence and received training sequence, namely launch penalty coefficient.
Therefore, by with original training sequence and the first above-mentioned formula of antenna element received training sequence substitution, can calculate the first emission penalty coefficient that obtains the first antenna element 211; By with original training sequence and the second above-mentioned formula of antenna element received training sequence substitution, can calculate the second emission penalty coefficient that obtains the second antenna element 212; By with original training sequence and the above-mentioned formula of third antenna unit received training sequence substitution, can calculate the 3rd emission penalty coefficient that obtains third antenna unit 213.
Step S8, calibrating signal processing module 22 is sent to baseband signal processing module 21 with the first emission penalty coefficient, the second emission penalty coefficient and the 3rd emission penalty coefficient, so that baseband signal processing module 21 compensates according to the descending transmitted signal of the first emission penalty coefficient to the first antenna element 211, according to the second emission penalty coefficient, the descending transmitted signal of the second antenna element 212 is compensated, and compensate according to the descending transmitted signal of the 3rd emission penalty coefficient to third antenna unit 213.
intelligent antenna calibration method according to above-described embodiment, by being the mutually orthogonal WALSH code of transmission channel distribution of each smart antenna, original training sequence and the WALSH code of each transmission channel are multiplied each other as the calibration training sequence of corresponding each transmission channel, and comprise what whole transmission channels were launched in reception, through the calibration training sequence of calibration network loopback close the road signal after, utilize respectively the WALSH code corresponding with each transmission channel and close the road signal multiplication, to parse the received training sequence corresponding to each transmission channel, and the received training sequence by calculating each transmission channel and the inconsistency parameter between original training sequence are obtained the emission penalty coefficient.Therefore, when adopting a plurality of transmission channels while transmitted signals and adopting a receive path to receive, realized the training sequence phase quadrature that each transmission channel is launched, thereby can be from the receiving sequence that parses the signal of road corresponding to each transmission channel of closing that receives, thereby can calculate accurately the emission penalty coefficient of each transmission channel, and then effectively improve the antenna calibration performance.
Further, in the intelligent antenna calibration method of above-described embodiment, describedly before being multiply by in advance the WALSH code that the transmission channel for smart antenna distributes, original training sequence also comprises:
Described calibration network is carried out the time delay calibration, poor with the chain-circuit time delay of compensate for emission passage and receive path, guarantee the strictly alignment on time domain of transmitting training sequence and received training sequence.
Particularly, because need utilize the WALSH code, the road signal that closes through the calibration network loopback is processed, so need transmitting training sequence and received training sequence strictly synchronous, but signal Complete Synchronization after the calibration network loopback of namely launching via different transmission channels.Therefore, before utilizing calibration network that smart antenna is calibrated, calibration network is carried out the time delay calibration.When concrete time delay calibrating method for example adopts this calibration network to transmit data sequence (length is for example m) for calculating, cross-correlation function between forward data and reverse data, and whether the peak point that detects this cross-correlation function is positioned at position, (m*2)-1, if, current calibration network is strictly synchronous, if not, alignment network is carried out suitable delay adjusting, until peak point is positioned at position, (m*2)-1.Preferably, can adopt in two-forty and insert and receive the data sequence that is used for carrying out the time delay calibration, for example in digital-to-analogue conversion (DAC) entrance and analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) outlet, after the delay compensation that will obtain is applied in middle frequency link, can further improve the synchronism of calibration network under two-forty.
Further, in the intelligent antenna calibration method of above-described embodiment, described calibration training sequence is sequence of complex numbers.
According to the intelligent antenna calibration method of above-described embodiment, can further improve the antenna calibration precision.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of intelligent antenna calibration system of the present invention.As shown in Figure 3, this intelligent antenna calibration system comprises baseband signal processing module 31 and calibrating signal processing module 32, wherein:
Baseband signal processing module 31 is used for original training sequence be multiply by the walsh code of the transmission channel distribution that is in advance smart antenna, to obtain the calibration training sequence corresponding with described transmission channel, and send described calibration training sequence by the transmission channel of described smart antenna, so that described calibration training sequence arrives calibrated channel through calibration network;
Calibrating signal processing module 32 is used for receiving described calibration training sequence by described calibrated channel, the calibration training sequence that receives be multiply by the walsh code of described transmission channel to obtain the received training sequence corresponding with described transmission channel, obtain the emission penalty coefficient corresponding with described transmission channel according to described original training sequence and described received training sequence, and described emission penalty coefficient is sent to described baseband signal processing module;
Baseband signal processing module 31 also is used for according to described emission penalty coefficient, described transmission channel being calibrated.
The flow process that the intelligent antenna calibration system of above-described embodiment is carried out intelligent antenna calibration is identical with the intelligent antenna calibration method of above-described embodiment, so locate to repeat no more.
intelligent antenna calibration system according to above-described embodiment, by being the mutually orthogonal WALSH code of transmission channel distribution of each smart antenna, original training sequence and the WALSH code of each transmission channel are multiplied each other as the calibration training sequence of corresponding each transmission channel, and comprise what whole transmission channels were launched in reception, through the calibration training sequence of calibration network loopback close the road signal after, utilize respectively the WALSH code corresponding with each transmission channel and close the road signal multiplication, to parse the received training sequence corresponding to each transmission channel, and the received training sequence by calculating each transmission channel and the inconsistency parameter between original training sequence are obtained the emission penalty coefficient.Therefore, when adopting a plurality of transmission channels while transmitted signals and adopting a receive path to receive, realized the training sequence phase quadrature that each transmission channel is launched, thereby can be from the receiving sequence that parses the signal of road corresponding to each transmission channel of closing that receives, thereby can calculate accurately the emission penalty coefficient of each transmission channel, and then effectively improve the antenna calibration performance.
Further, in the intelligent antenna calibration system of above-described embodiment, described baseband signal processing module and described calibrating signal processing module also are used for described calibration network is carried out the time delay calibration, chain-circuit time delay with compensate for emission passage and receive path is poor, guarantees the strictly alignment on time domain of transmitting training sequence and received training sequence.
According to the intelligent antenna calibration system of above-described embodiment, can guarantee the synchronism of calibration network, thereby guarantee utilizes this calibration network to carry out the precision of intelligent antenna calibration.
Further, in the intelligent antenna calibration system of above-described embodiment, described calibration training sequence is sequence of complex numbers.
According to the intelligent antenna calibration system of above-described embodiment, can further improve the antenna calibration precision.
Further, in the intelligent antenna calibration system of above-described embodiment, described baseband signal processing module also is used for setting calibration training sequence length and spreading factor; Set basic training sequences, wherein said calibration training sequence length=basic training sequences length * 2 according to described calibration training sequence length and described spreading factor n, n is described spreading factor; According to transmission channel calibration power setting amplitude factor; Obtain described original training sequence according to described basic training sequences and described amplitude factor.
It should be noted that at last: above each embodiment is not intended to limit only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described; Although with reference to previous embodiment, the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme that aforementioned each embodiment puts down in writing, and perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement; And these modifications or replacement do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution break away from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.

Claims (8)

1. an intelligent antenna calibration method, is characterized in that, comprising:
Original training sequence be multiply by the walsh code of the transmission channel distribution that is in advance smart antenna, to obtain the calibration training sequence corresponding with described transmission channel, wherein the described walsh code of each transmission channel is different;
Transmission channel by described smart antenna sends described calibration training sequence, so that described calibration training sequence arrives calibrated channel through calibration network;
Receive described calibration training sequence by described calibrated channel, the calibration training sequence that receives be multiply by the walsh code of described transmission channel to obtain the received training sequence corresponding with described transmission channel;
Obtain the emission penalty coefficient corresponding with described transmission channel according to described original training sequence and described received training sequence;
According to described emission penalty coefficient, described transmission channel is calibrated.
2. intelligent antenna calibration method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, describedly also comprises before original training sequence be multiply by in advance the walsh code that the transmission channel for smart antenna distributes:
Described calibration network is carried out the time delay calibration, poor with the chain-circuit time delay of compensate for emission passage and receive path.
3. intelligent antenna calibration method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described calibration training sequence is sequence of complex numbers.
4. intelligent antenna calibration method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, describedly also comprises before original training sequence be multiply by in advance the walsh code that the transmission channel for smart antenna distributes:
Set calibration training sequence length and spreading factor;
Set basic training sequences, wherein said calibration training sequence length=basic training sequences length * 2 according to described calibration training sequence length and described spreading factor k, k is described spreading factor;
According to transmission channel calibration power setting amplitude factor;
Obtain described original training sequence according to described basic training sequences and described amplitude factor.
5. an intelligent antenna calibration system, is characterized in that, comprises baseband signal processing module and calibrating signal processing module, wherein:
Described baseband signal processing module is used for original training sequence be multiply by the walsh code of the transmission channel distribution that is in advance smart antenna, to obtain the calibration training sequence corresponding with described transmission channel, and send described calibration training sequence by the transmission channel of described smart antenna, so that described calibration training sequence arrives calibrated channel through calibration network;
Described calibrating signal processing module is used for receiving described calibration training sequence by described calibrated channel, the calibration training sequence that receives be multiply by the walsh code of described transmission channel to obtain the received training sequence corresponding with described transmission channel, obtain the emission penalty coefficient corresponding with described transmission channel according to described original training sequence and described received training sequence, and described emission penalty coefficient is sent to described baseband signal processing module;
Described baseband signal processing module also is used for according to described emission penalty coefficient, described transmission channel being calibrated.
6. intelligent antenna calibration system according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described baseband signal processing module and described calibrating signal processing module also are used for described calibration network is carried out the time delay calibration, and be poor with the chain-circuit time delay of compensate for emission passage and receive path.
7. according to claim 5 or 6 described intelligent antenna calibration systems, is characterized in that, described calibration training sequence is sequence of complex numbers.
8. according to claim 5 or 6 described intelligent antenna calibration systems, is characterized in that, described baseband signal processing module also is used for setting calibration training sequence length and spreading factor; Set basic training sequences, wherein said calibration training sequence length=basic training sequences length * 2 according to described calibration training sequence length and described spreading factor n, n is described spreading factor; According to transmission channel calibration power setting amplitude factor; Obtain described original training sequence according to described basic training sequences and described amplitude factor.
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