CN103163904A - Photovoltaic greenhouse solar energy distribution method based on crop growth mode and device thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A photovoltaic greenhouse solar energy distribution method based on a crop growth mode includes: firstly, building an illumination need model based on green house crops, a photovoltaic cell equivalent mathematical model and a luminous environment mathematical model of crop canopies, building a multi-parameter, multivariable and nonlinearity coupling pair time differential equation, achieving utilizing an optimization algorithm to design, regulate and control a photovoltaic greenhouse cell array under conditions of different illumination intensity, different illumination angles and different temperatures by solving the differential equation, and achieving solar energy reasonable distribution of photovoltaic cell maximum electric energy production under a condition which satisfies greenhouse crop growth conditions. The invention provides a device used for achieving the photovoltaic greenhouse solar energy distribution method based on the crop growth mode. The invention provides the photovoltaic greenhouse solar energy distribution method based on the crop growth mode and the device of the photovoltaic greenhouse solar energy distribution method based on the crop growth mode, and the photovoltaic greenhouse solar energy distribution method based on the crop growth mode is capable of effectively achieving greenhouse photovoltaic power generation and effective regulation and control of crop growth and energy.

Description

A kind of photovoltaic greenhouse sun power distribution method and device thereof based on crop growth model

Technical field

The present invention relates to method for designing and the regulation and control fields in photovoltaic generation greenhouse, especially relate to a kind of photovoltaic greenhouse sun power distribution method.

Background technology

At present, many environmental issues that global economy development causes have become the focus of world attention, can utilize fossil energy to face at last exhaustion as the coal of most important energy substance, oil, rock gas etc. simultaneously, develop renewable substitute energy imperative.In the situations such as the full crisis in nuclear energy surface Linan, biomass energy experience grain security; the sun power development is as the outstanding status of New Energy Industry; therefore can realize solar electrical energy generation, can guarantee that again the photovoltaic greenhouse of grain and agricultural product security supply will have important development prospect.Both can take full advantage of this inexhaustible regenerative resource of sun power when guaranteeing the plant development effect, and no matter be to the greenhouse production industry, or the whole mankind's living environment is all had very important significance.

In order to improve output efficiency and to reduce cost of electricity-generating, the key technical problem of photovoltaic greenhouse development is plant growth and the photovoltaic generation demand to solar irradiation in the coordinated allocation greenhouse how.Realization is satisfied in the situation of plant growth, realizes the maximization of photovoltaic efficiency, and wherein the layout of greenhouse roof photovoltaic panel is the key that addresses this problem with the regulation and control design.Therefore the present invention is based on the luminous environment mathematical model of illumination demand model, photovoltaic cell equivalent mathematical model and the crop canopies of chamber crop, and in conjunction with optimized algorithm, the photovoltaic greenhouse array is designed and regulates and controls, realize satisfying the solar energy reasonable distribution of photovoltaic cell maximum generating watt under the chamber crop growth conditions.

Therefore study different photovoltaic battery array areas, layout and angle etc. on luminous environment in the greenhouse affect the basic law analysis, be to help plant growth and the photovoltaic generation demand to solar irradiation in the coordinated allocation greenhouse.Realize photodistributed uniformity coefficient in the greenhouse, be conducive to the normal growth of indoor all crops, also be conducive to the most effective of photovoltaic generation.Therefore the appropriate design of greenhouse roof photovoltaic panel array has very important significance for development and the exploitation of photovoltaic greenhouse.

Research photovoltaic greenhouse generating battery Array Design and regulate and control method mainly contain test design method and mathematical model analogy method.Test design method is fairly simple, directly perceived, effective, and shortcoming is that investment is large, and the cycle is long and optimal design is difficult.Little, the easy calculating of mathematical simulation investment, the specific condition that can can't realize test method or complex state is simulated and the correlation behavior conversion process just can make its validity be guaranteed but must revise according to the practical study characteristics of objects.

Photovoltaic greenhouse is due to the experimental data that will test under various weather conditions, and the test period of being sure to is longer.If carry out site operation and test in design in jejune situation, can cause the larger economic losses such as crop, and easily cause the problem such as repeatedly do over again.Therefore, adopt Mathematical Modelling Method at design photovoltaic greenhouse panel array, and under the condition that guarantees plant growth, design is optimized design with regulation and control to the greenhouse panel array, guarantees the scientific rationality of photovoltaic greenhouse array design.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the existing technical matters that can't realize greenhouse photovoltaic generation and plant growth and Energy Efficient regulation and control, the invention provides a kind of photovoltaic greenhouse sun power distribution method and device thereof based on crop growth model of realizing that effectively greenhouse photovoltaic generation and plant growth, Energy Efficient regulate and control.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:

A kind of photovoltaic greenhouse sun power distribution method based on crop growth model, described distribution method comprises the following steps

1) set up luminous environment mathematical model based on illumination demand model, photovoltaic cell equivalent mathematical model and the crop canopies of chamber crop, wherein,

Described photovoltaic cell equivalent mathematical model and being represented by following physical model based on the illumination demand model of chamber crop: at chamber crop list leaf stoma resistance r _s, ignore CO ₂The minor impact of concentration, adopting humidity factor and stoping under the leaf temp of setting increases stomatal resistance, and the relation that draws is as follows:

$r_s=r_{\min }f\left(\stackrel{\‾}{I_s}\right)f\left(T_c\right)f(X_c-X_a)$

Wherein,

Average shortwave radiation for unit leaf area; T _cUnit is ℃; X unit is gm ^-3r _minMinimum stomatal resistance optimal coefficient;

According to the demand of the whole process of plant growth, to photovoltaic panel area a, the b value, and the panel number effectively retrains;

The process of setting up of the luminous environment mathematical model of described crop canopies: according to the impact on the direct radiation of sunshine, scattered radiation such as different photovoltaic battery array areas, layout and angle, and consider that plant growth is to factors such as radiation effects, based on two-way ray tracking technology, set up the Interior Illumination Environment model under the photovoltaic battery array impact;

The two-way ray tracking technology of improvement under greenhouse photovoltaic panel impact adopts global illumination model to be expressed as:

$I=k_{c}G+{\∫}_s{I}_i^{\′}d{\mathrm{\ω}}_i[k_d{K}_d(N_0\·L_0)+k_m{K}_m{(N_0\·H_0)}^n]+{\∫}_s\frac{I_i^{\′}d{\mathrm{\ω}}_i}{\mathrm{\π}}\left[k_d^{\′}{K}_d^{\′}\right|(N_0\·L_0)|+k_t{K}_t{(N_0\·H_0)}^n]$

（1）

In formula, k _cG is the photovoltaic greenhouse internal radiation intensity that traditional ray tracking technology is obtained, and G is outdoor intensity of solar radiation, k _cTransmittance for barrier material.If by photovoltaic panel shield, k _cTransmittance for photovoltaic panel; As unobstructed, k _cBe the transmittance of chamber covering material; Second all indirection point light source summation for light source is formed after mirror-reflection; The 3rd all indirection point light source summations for light source is produced after regular transmission; I _i' be the incident light brightness of indirection point light source; K _dBe diffuse reflectance; K _d' be diffuse transmittance; k _dBe diffuse-reflection factor; k _d' be diffuse transmission factor; K _mBe specular reflectance; k _mBe specularity factor; K _tBe regular transmission factor; k _tBe the regular transmission coefficient; N ₀Be unit normal vector; L ₀Be unit light vector; dω _iSolid angle for incident angle.Outdoor light source is assumed to be desirable pointolite, installs for battery panel effective modeling is carried out in the luminous environment impact of crop canopies, determines the position proportional COEFFICIENT K _iAnd utilize global illumination model to calculate intensity of illumination and the luminous environment part of crop canopies, choose the critical angle of sun direct projection under interior critical period Different climate condition of plant growth cycle as the object of simulation;

2) set up multiparameter, multivariate, Non-linear coupling to the time diffusion equation, realize under different illumination intensity, lighting angle and temperature conditions by finding the solution of the differential equation, and in conjunction with optimized algorithm, the photovoltaic greenhouse array is designed and regulates and controls, realize satisfying the solar energy reasonable distribution of photovoltaic cell maximum generating watt under the chamber crop growth conditions.

Further, described step 2) in, optimized algorithm is genetic algorithm, according to the constraint condition of setting up model, adopt genetic algorithm optimization layout and area parameters, standard width of a room in an old-style house border, Optimal Parameters greenhouse and first battery panel and second battery panel apart from x1, x2, the distance y of battery panel and greenhouse ridge, the length a of every battery panel, width b, the optimizing process step is as follows:

2.1) x1, x2 after initialization, y, a, b parameter colony, each stochastic parameter generates n individuality as initial population P (0), and maximum evolutionary generation T is set;

2.2) calculate the population's fitness value, and judge whether the population optimum solution satisfies settings;

2.3) if satisfy, directly export optimal result;

2.4) if do not satisfy: program sorts to each fitness value of initial population, selects particle according to the result of sequence, to the directly heredity of outstanding particle, to carrying out the crossover and mutation computing, produces new population;

2.5) then, calculate new population and judge whether to satisfy settings, or reach maximum iteration time T, have maximum adaptation degree individuality and export as optimum solution with resulting in evolutionary process, stop calculating.If satisfy directly to draw optimal result, do not enter circulation next time if do not satisfy, so circular flow finally draws optimum x1, x2, y, a, the b result, thus realize the optimal design of greenhouse photovoltaic panel array.

further again, described device comprises the angular adjustment gear train, the battery panel connection angle adjusting transmission mechanism of described greenhouse roof photovoltaic array, described angular adjustment gear train is by reducing motor, coupling shaft, driving gear, the craspedodrome tooth bar, follower gear, turning axle, spring bearing, sliding bearing, gear-arc-shaped rack, rolling pulley, environmental sensor, form with the control executive system, gear-craspedodrome tooth bar, gear-arc-shaped rack connecting portion all is comprised of register pin and tooth bar length adjustment clamp nut, setting can be easy to the roller that tooth bar slided and provide support face below the craspedodrome rack-and-pinion.

Further, according to the spatial position change due to battery panel arc-shaped rack in rotation process, follow the conversion of different-diameter diameter by the rotating speed of segmentation circular-arc, can be divided into 3 stages from 0 degree to maximum angle, the working time in each stage is as follows with the relation of whole opening times and 3 different-diameters: $t_1=T/(1+\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="R"\; filenames="HDA00002761567500021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_3+R_2}{R_1}),$ ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t"\; filenames="HDA00002761567500021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_2=T/(1+\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="R"\; filenames="HDA00002761567500021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_3+R_1}{R_2}),$ $t_1=T/(1+\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="R"\; filenames="HDA00002761567500021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_3+R_2}{R_1}),$ Adopt the control that realizes reaching the battery panel angle working time of controlling reducing motor.

Further, described control executive system is comprised of signal picker, embedded computer, relay signal follower, reducing motor;

Described signal picker, the inside and outside illumination of receiving chamber, Temperature Humidity Sensor data, and carry out being uploaded to embedded computer after pretreatment operation;

Described embedded computer, core for greenhouse photovoltaic generation and environment control, the signals such as the digital indoor and outdoor illumination that the receive data collector is uploaded, humiture are identified current environment, illumination state, and are sent corresponding steering order to the relay signal follower;

Described relay signal follower receives the steering order that embedded computer sends, and produces corresponding forceful electric power signal, completes the driving of photovoltaic battery panel reducing motor;

Described reducing motor is connected with photovoltaic panel by two-stage rack-and-pinion control gear, according to the instruction that computing machine sends, completes the regulation of photovoltaic panel.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly manifested in:

1) can simulate preferably the photovoltaic greenhouse Interior Illumination Environment, be the effective ways at modeling effort indoor illumination environment.

2) this method is not designed photovoltaic greenhouse place, the isoparametric restriction of structure, and is convenient, fast, applied range, and saved design time and design cost.

3) this device can be realized the effectively Energy Efficient regulation and control of growth of greenhouse photovoltaic generation and plant growth.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is photovoltaic greenhouse and control schematic diagram; In accompanying drawing 1: 1-wet curtain 2-blower fan 3-crop 4-indoor temperature and humidity, the outdoor radiation sensor 8-of optical sensor 5-implementation controller 6-embedded computer 7-photovoltaic battery panel 9-data acquisition unit.

Fig. 2 is battery panel rotation drive machine and Optimal Parameters; 1-reducing motor 2-coupling shaft 3-active 4-craspedodrome tooth bar 5-spring bearing 6-rotation axis 7-arc gear wheel tooth bar 8-photovoltaic battery panel 9-follower gear 10-driving shaft in accompanying drawing 2.

Fig. 3 is that principal and subordinate's gear-tooth bar drives sketch; 1-driving gear 2-straight shape tooth bar 3-roller 4-follower gear in accompanying drawing 3.

Fig. 4 is the calculation diagram that concerns of tooth bar spatial movement and rotational angle.

Fig. 5 is photovoltaic battery array optimal design general flow chart.

Fig. 6 is that the present invention chooses the arrangement mode of selection topological analysis that the battery panel length and width are respectively the polysilicon chip of 1650*990mm: Fig. 6 (a) arrangement of vertically keeping straight on along the greenhouse; Fig. 6 (b) is staggered; Fig. 6 (c) is horizontal, longitudinal separation arrangement mode along the greenhouse.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, below the present invention is described in detail.

with reference to Fig. 1～Fig. 6, a kind of photovoltaic greenhouse sun power distribution method based on crop growth model, foundation is based on crop canopies luminous environment model in the greenhouse of bi-directional light line following, take Wen Luoshi (VENLO) glasshouse of domestic extensive application of modern times as example, play conclusive plant growth illumination model and photovoltaic cell equivalent mathematical model in conjunction with the Stoma of Leaves resistance, adopt the optimized algorithm of genetic algorithm combination, to guarantee to satisfy the larger generated energy of photovoltaic cell under the plant growth luminous environment, and guarantee finally to realize the optimal design of greenhouse photovoltaic panel array within the very fast time.

Described based on crop canopies luminous environment model in the greenhouse of bi-directional light line following, namely according to the impact on the direct radiation of sunshine, scattered radiation such as different photovoltaic battery array areas, layout and angle, and consider that plant growth is to factors such as radiation effects, based on two-way ray tracking technology, set up the Interior Illumination Environment model under the photovoltaic battery array impact.

Because the factor situations such as different photovoltaic battery array areas, layout and sun direct projection angle are a lot, if simulation trial is carried out in the combination such as each angle, area layout, the workload of simulation very large, in actual mechanical process, it is almost impossible will simulating above-mentioned various situation fully, and wherein most cases is very unnecessary yet.For this problem, just must choose the model investigation method of key parameter, namely when investigating institute's research object, which factor is to simulating its significant role in simulated conditions in analysis, and which is less important, does not play a decisive role.

The angle of sun direct projection can be from the luminous environment of the process simulation greenhouse implants canopy of dome-type each point dynamic change.Wherein according to the construction direction in greenhouse and dimension etc., choose sun Various Seasonal key day, be divided into fine day, cloudy day and rainy situation, simulate respectively the situation of change of Interior Illumination Environment in a day.Because layout is different, different on the impact of each local luminous environment of greenhouse, therefore under different layouts, choose the luminous environment sunykatuib analysis of indoor several key points.

Forward trace can computing environment specular light and regular transmission light on the impact of diffuse reflection surface luminance brightness.The global illumination model that two-way ray tracking technology adopts can be expressed as:

$I=k_{c}G+{\&Integral;}_s{I}_i^{\&prime;}d{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_i[k_d{K}_d(N_0\&CenterDot;L_0)+k_m{K}_m{(N_0\&CenterDot;H_0)}^n]+{\&Integral;}_s\frac{I_i^{\&prime;}d{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_i}{\mathrm{\&pi;}}\left[k_d^{\&prime;}{K}_d^{\&prime;}\right|(N_0\&CenterDot;L_0)|+k_t{K}_t{(N_0\&CenterDot;H_0)}^n]$

（1）

In formula, k _cG is the photovoltaic greenhouse internal radiation intensity that traditional ray tracking technology is obtained, and G is outdoor intensity of solar radiation, k _cTransmittance for barrier material.If by photovoltaic panel shield, k _cTransmittance for photovoltaic panel; As unobstructed, k _cBe the transmittance of chamber covering material; Second all indirection point light source summation for light source is formed after mirror-reflection; The 3rd all indirection point light source summations for light source is produced after regular transmission; I _i' be the incident light brightness of indirection point light source; K _dBe diffuse reflectance; K _d' be diffuse transmittance; k _dBe diffuse-reflection factor; k _d' be diffuse transmission factor; K _mBe specular reflectance; k _mBe specularity factor; K _tBe regular transmission factor; k _tBe the regular transmission coefficient; N ₀Be unit normal vector; L ₀Be unit light vector; dω _iSolid angle for incident angle.

Outdoor light source (solar radiation) is assumed to be desirable pointolite, with the convenient luminous energy size of determining to arrive illuminated point.Installing for battery panel effective modeling is carried out in the luminous environment impact of crop canopies, not only consider the factor of sun direct projection, also need to consider irreflexive impact, is mainly the position proportional COEFFICIENT K of identifying wherein _iDetermine.The position proportional COEFFICIENT K _iTo the impact analysis of indoor illumination environment to diverse location, determine Reasonable Parameters value in conjunction with the short form test simulation according to the photovoltaic panel layout.And utilize global illumination model to calculate intensity of illumination and the luminous environment part of crop canopies, choose the critical angle of sun direct projection under interior critical period Different climate condition of plant growth cycle as the object of simulation, reduce the calculated amount of simulation, realize as early as possible convergence in order to calculate function.

Luminous environment mathematical model in conjunction with the illumination demand of chamber crop, photovoltaic cell equivalent mathematical model and above-mentioned crop canopies, set up multiparameter, multivariate, Non-linear coupling to the time diffusion equation, realize plant growth under different illumination intensity, lighting angle and temperature conditions and the illumination real time coordination distribution mechanism of photovoltaic generation by finding the solution of the differential equation.The mathematical model of photovoltaic cell and make the object light demand and can be represented by following physical model.

The equivalent electrical circuit that obtains photovoltaic arrays according to the inner structure of photovoltaic solar cell panel and output volt-ampere characteristic is comprised of the current source that affected by a light intensity and the temperature upper diode in parallel resistance of connecting again.The mathematical model of photovoltaic cell can be expressed as follows:

$I=I_{\mathrm{PH}}-I_0\&CenterDot;(e^{\frac{q\&CenterDot;(V+I\&CenterDot;R_S)}{\mathrm{nkT}}}-1)-\frac{U+R_S\&CenterDot;I}{R_{\mathrm{SH}}}---\left(2\right)$

Ideally RS can be approximately zero, and it is infinitely great that RSH is approximately, and is reduced to:

$I=I_{\mathrm{PH}}-I_0\&CenterDot;(e^{\frac{q\&CenterDot;V}{\mathrm{nkT}}}-1)$

P=V·I （3）

I is output current; IPH is photogenerated current; I0 is reverse saturation current; Q is electron charge; V is output voltage; Rs is resistance in series; N is the diode quality factor; K is Boltzmann constant; T is Kelvin temperature; RSH is parallel resistance;

Photosynthesis and the transpiration of chamber crop growth are interrelated, are the necessary conditions of plant growth, wherein are subjected to the important Stoma of Leaves resistance of external environment influence to play conclusive effect, and therefore the described object light demand of doing can be embodied by stomatal resistance.At chamber crop list leaf stoma resistance (r _s), ignore CO ₂The minor impact of concentration, adopting humidity factor and stoping increases stomatal resistance under certain leaf temp, and the relation that draws is as follows:

$r_s=r_{\min }f\left(\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{I_s}\right)f\left(T_c\right)f(X_c-X_a)=r_{\min }\left[\frac{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{I_s}+k_{s1}}{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{I_s}+k_{s2}}\right]\left[\frac{e^{0.3T_c}+258}{e^{{0.3T}_c}+27}\right][4\&times;{10}^{-3}+e^{-0.73(x_c-x_a)}]---\left(4\right)$

Wherein,

Average shortwave radiation for unit leaf area; T _cCurrent indoor temperature, unit is ℃; x _c, x _aBe divided into indoor actual absolute humidity and saturated humidity ratio, unit is gm ^-3r _minMinimum stomatal resistance optimal coefficient.k _s1, k _s2Be suitable correction factor, different crops are distinguished to some extent, are respectively 4.3,0.54 as tomato crop modified value.

The photovoltaic cell maximum generating watt that utilizes optimized algorithm to be met under the chamber crop growth conditions is the core missions of photovoltaic greenhouse battery panel array.For this problem, adopt a kind of optimization method of real code genetic algorithm to realize the design of photovoltaic greenhouse battery panel array optimization, realize satisfying the larger generated energy of photovoltaic cell under the plant growth luminous environment.

The present invention is according to the constraint condition of setting up model, adopts genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize distribution and the parameter such as area.Parameter x 1 in Optimal Parameters such as accompanying drawing 2, x2, y, a, b, Optimizing Flow such as accompanying drawing 5, process steps is as follows:

1) x1, x2 after initialization, y, a, b parameter colony, each stochastic parameter generates n individuality as initial population P (0), and maximum evolutionary generation T is set.

2) calculate the population's fitness value, and judge whether the population optimum solution satisfies settings;

3) if satisfy, directly export optimal result;

4) if do not satisfy: program sorts to each fitness value of initial population, selects particle according to the result of sequence, to the directly heredity of " outstanding " particle, to carrying out the crossover and mutation computing, produces new population;

4) then, calculate new population and judge whether to satisfy settings, or reach maximum iteration time T, have maximum adaptation degree individuality and export as optimum solution with resulting in evolutionary process, stop calculating.If satisfy directly to draw optimal result, do not enter circulation next time if do not satisfy, so circular flow finally draws optimum x1, x2, y, a, the b result, thus realize the optimal design of greenhouse photovoltaic panel array.

The angular adjustment gear train of photovoltaic greenhouse battery panel as shown in Figure 2, by reducing motor, coupling shaft, driving gear, craspedodrome tooth bar, follower gear, turning axle, spring bearing, sliding bearing, gear-arc-shaped rack, rolling pulley, environmental sensor, with control executive system and form.Sliding bearing is realized the rotary support of battery panel and back shaft, satisfies panel and has the ability that rotatablely moves.Can facilitate installation and removal, axle self rotates the function that does not affect or interfere the panel rotation simultaneously.

It is 0.55kw that reducing motor is selected power, and ratio of gear is 1:300, and output speed is 2.8rpm, and rated speed is 1400r/min, and concrete model is DWPSV75.The coupling shaft the selection of material is that 45 steel diameters are the axle of Φ 32mm, adopts rubbercushioned sleeve bearing coupling to connect, and its bore dia is that Φ 32mm. driving gear aperture is Φ 32mm, and diameter is 50mm.Transmission gear is selected A type straight shape tooth bar.In order to increase the moment of torsion of rotation axis, the reference diameter that has designed follower gear through check is Φ 150mm, and adopting diameter is that Φ 50mm length is the 300mm axle.Adopt rubbercushioned sleeve bearing coupling connection of rotating axle to select Φ 32*3.0 hot galvanized steel pipe.The rotation of principal and subordinate's gear is than being 1:3.

Gear-arc-shaped rack connecting portion all is comprised of register pin and tooth bar length adjustment clamp nut M8, facilitates the adjustment of tooth bar length and location.Gear-arc-shaped rack adopts the M8 bolt to connect with being connected of battery panel, and adopts interference fit, satisfies the ability that rotatablely moves.Setting can be easy to make the roller of tooth bar slip below the craspedodrome rack-and-pinion, is also the support roller of gear simultaneously.

In rack-and-pinion, principal and subordinate's gear rotates than fixing, and the rotating speed of reducing motor axle and the rotating ratio of rotation axis are fixed.Motor speed can directly coordinate calculating with the arc-shaped rack rotating speed in calculating.In rotation process, the locus of arc-shaped rack is to change, and causes same rotating speed to cause that the rotational angle within the unit interval is not at the uniform velocity due to battery panel, and tooth bar movement position figure as shown in Figure 3.Can be divided into three sections circular configurations to arc, diameter is respectively R ₁, R ₂, R ₃.Therefore can divide three phases the angle rotating speed, it is different on average rotating each angle beta time used, and the time of using to maximum angle per stage of unlatching from 0 degree is respectively t ₁, t ₂, t ₃, be T from 0 degree to the time that maximum angle is opened motor rotation.According to the calculating of circular arc girth, can obtain t ₁, t ₂, t ₃With diameter R ₁, R ₂, R ₃With the relation of whole unlatching T, $t_1=T/(1+\frac{R_3+R_2}{R_1}),$ $t_2=T/(1+\frac{R_3+R_1}{R_2}),$ $t_1=T/(1+\frac{R_3+R_2}{R_1}).$

Therefore the time of controlling motor rotation by the method reaches the battery panel angle and controls more accurately.

Complete photovoltaic greenhouse environmental parameter and topworks's state recognition and the corresponding function of controlling, formed by signal picker, embedded computer, relay signal follower, reducing motor.

All signals transmit the Controller Area Network(that adopts in serial bus interface and are called for short CAN) bussing technique.The device low energy-consumption electronic device that the CAN transceiver adopts CAN and the isolation technology based on Texas Instruments (Texas Instruments, TI) to combine, concrete model is ISO1050.

Described signal picker, acquisition chip have the inside and outside illumination of receiving chamber, Temperature Humidity Sensor data, and carry out being uploaded to embedded computer after pretreatment operation;

Described embedded computer, the optional industrial computer of using.Be the core of controlling with greenhouse photovoltaic generation and the environment of CAN bus receiving card, the interface card cocoa is selected PCI-7841, the signals such as the indoor and outdoor illumination that the receive data collector is uploaded, humiture, identify the digital signals such as current environment, illumination state, and send corresponding steering order to the relay signal follower;

Described relay signal follower receives the steering order that embedded computer sends, and produces corresponding forceful electric power signal, completes the photovoltaic battery panel reducing motor, the driving of the topworkies such as blower and water pump;

Described reducing motor is connected with photovoltaic panel by two-stage rack-and-pinion control gear, according to the instruction that computing machine sends, completes the regulation of photovoltaic panel.The interior temperature of unlatching conditioning chamber that also has the wet curtain water pump of greenhouse cooling mechanism, blower fan.

At last, it is also to be noted that, what more than enumerate is only a specific embodiment of the present invention.Obviously, the invention is not restricted to above embodiment, many distortion can also be arranged, as many in the greenhouse battery (list) crystal silicon panel changes the optimal design of photovoltaic film or photovoltaic glass etc. into.All distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art can also directly derive or associate from content disclosed by the invention all should be thought protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. photovoltaic greenhouse sun power distribution method based on crop growth model, it is characterized in that: described distribution method comprises the following steps:

1) set up luminous environment mathematical model based on illumination demand model, photovoltaic cell equivalent mathematical model and the crop canopies of chamber crop, wherein,

Described photovoltaic cell equivalent mathematical model and being represented by following physical model based on the illumination demand model of chamber crop: at chamber crop list leaf stoma resistance r _s, ignore CO ₂The minor impact of concentration, adopting humidity factor and stoping under the leaf temp of setting increases stomatal resistance, and the relation that draws is as follows:

$r_s=r_{\min }f\left(\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{I_s}\right)f\left(T_c\right)f(X_c-X_a)$

Wherein, Average shortwave radiation for unit leaf area; T _cUnit is ℃; X unit is gm ^-3r _minMinimum stomatal resistance optimal coefficient;

According to the demand of the whole process of plant growth, to photovoltaic panel area a, the b value, and the panel number effectively retrains;

The process of setting up of the luminous environment mathematical model of described crop canopies: according to the impact on the direct radiation of sunshine, scattered radiation such as different photovoltaic battery array areas, layout and angle, and consider that plant growth is to factors such as radiation effects, based on two-way ray tracking technology, set up the Interior Illumination Environment model under the photovoltaic battery array impact;

The two-way ray tracking technology of improvement under greenhouse photovoltaic panel impact adopts global illumination model to be expressed as:

$I=k_{c}G+{\&Integral;}_s{I}_i^{\&prime;}d{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_i[k_d{K}_d(N_0\&CenterDot;L_0)+k_m{K}_m{(N_0\&CenterDot;H_0)}^n]+{\&Integral;}_s\frac{I_i^{\&prime;}d{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_i}{\mathrm{\&pi;}}\left[k_d^{\&prime;}{K}_d^{\&prime;}\right|(N_0\&CenterDot;L_0)|+k_t{K}_t{(N_0\&CenterDot;H_0)}^n]$

（1）

In formula, k _cG is the photovoltaic greenhouse internal radiation intensity that traditional ray tracking technology is obtained, and G is outdoor intensity of solar radiation, k _cTransmittance for barrier material.If by photovoltaic panel shield, k _cTransmittance for photovoltaic panel; As unobstructed, k _cBe the transmittance of chamber covering material; Second all indirection point light source summation for light source is formed after mirror-reflection; The 3rd all indirection point light source summations for light source is produced after regular transmission; I _i' be the incident light brightness of indirection point light source; K _dBe diffuse reflectance; K _d' be diffuse transmittance; k _dBe diffuse-reflection factor; k _d' be diffuse transmission factor; K _mBe specular reflectance; k _mBe specularity factor; K _tBe regular transmission factor; k _tBe the regular transmission coefficient; N ₀Be unit normal vector; L ₀Be unit light vector; dω _iSolid angle for incident angle.Outdoor light source is assumed to be desirable pointolite, installs for battery panel effective modeling is carried out in the luminous environment impact of crop canopies, determines the position proportional COEFFICIENT K _iAnd utilize global illumination model to calculate intensity of illumination and the luminous environment part of crop canopies, choose the critical angle of sun direct projection under interior critical period Different climate condition of plant growth cycle as the object of simulation;

2) set up multiparameter, multivariate, Non-linear coupling to the time diffusion equation, realize under different illumination intensity, lighting angle and temperature conditions by finding the solution of the differential equation, and in conjunction with optimized algorithm, the photovoltaic greenhouse array is designed and regulates and controls, realize satisfying the solar energy reasonable distribution of photovoltaic cell maximum generating watt under the chamber crop growth conditions.

2. a kind of photovoltaic greenhouse sun power distribution method based on crop growth model as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 2), optimized algorithm is genetic algorithm, according to the constraint condition of setting up model, adopt genetic algorithm optimization layout and area parameters, standard width of a room in an old-style house border, Optimal Parameters Optimal Parameters greenhouse and first battery panel and second battery panel apart from x1, x2, the distance y of battery panel and greenhouse ridge, the length a of every battery panel, width b, the optimizing process step is as follows:

2.1) x1, x2 after initialization, y, a, b parameter colony, each stochastic parameter generates n individuality as initial population P (0), and maximum evolutionary generation T is set;

2.2) calculate the population's fitness value, and judge whether the population optimum solution satisfies settings;

2.3) if satisfy, directly export optimal result;

2.4) if do not satisfy: program sorts to each fitness value of initial population, selects particle according to the result of sequence, to the directly heredity of outstanding particle, to carrying out the crossover and mutation computing, produces new population;

2.5) then, calculate new population and judge whether to satisfy settings, or reach maximum iteration time T, have maximum adaptation degree individuality and export as optimum solution with resulting in evolutionary process, stop calculating.If satisfy directly to draw optimal result, do not enter circulation next time if do not satisfy, so circular flow finally draws optimum x1, x2, y, a, the b result, thus realize the optimal design of greenhouse photovoltaic panel array.

3. device that is used for realizing the photovoltaic greenhouse sun power distribution method based on crop growth model as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described device comprises the angular adjustment gear train, the battery panel connection angle adjusting transmission mechanism of described greenhouse roof photovoltaic array, described angular adjustment gear train is by reducing motor, coupling shaft, driving gear, the craspedodrome tooth bar, follower gear, turning axle, spring bearing, sliding bearing, gear-arc-shaped rack, rolling pulley, environmental sensor, form with the control executive system, gear-craspedodrome tooth bar, gear-arc-shaped rack connecting portion all is comprised of register pin and tooth bar length adjustment clamp nut, setting can be easy to the roller that tooth bar slided and provide support face below the craspedodrome rack-and-pinion.

4. device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: according to the spatial position change due to battery panel arc-shaped rack in rotation process, follow the conversion of different-diameter diameter by the rotating speed of segmentation circular-arc, can be divided into 3 stages from 0 degree to maximum angle, the working time in each stage is as follows with the relation of whole opening times and 3 different-diameters: $t_1=T/(1+\frac{R_3+R_2}{R_1}),$ $t_2=T/(1+\frac{R_3+R_1}{R_2}),$ $t_1=T/(1+\frac{R_3+R_2}{R_1}),$ Adopt the control that realizes reaching the battery panel angle working time of controlling reducing motor.

5. device as described in claim 3 or 4 is characterized in that: described greenhouse roof photovoltaic array with control executive system and be connected, described control executive system is comprised of signal picker, embedded computer, relay signal follower, reducing motor;

Described signal picker, the inside and outside illumination of receiving chamber, Temperature Humidity Sensor data, and carry out being uploaded to embedded computer after pretreatment operation;

Described embedded computer, core for greenhouse photovoltaic generation and environment control, the signals such as the digital indoor and outdoor illumination that the receive data collector is uploaded, humiture are identified current environment, illumination state, and are sent corresponding steering order to the relay signal follower;

Described relay signal follower receives the steering order that embedded computer sends, and produces corresponding forceful electric power signal, completes the driving of photovoltaic battery panel reducing motor;

Described reducing motor is connected with photovoltaic panel by two-stage rack-and-pinion control gear, according to the instruction that computing machine sends, completes the regulation of photovoltaic panel.

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