CN103163480B - The appraisal procedure of lithium battery health status - Google Patents
The appraisal procedure of lithium battery health status Download PDFInfo
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- CN103163480B CN103163480B CN201310113880.9A CN201310113880A CN103163480B CN 103163480 B CN103163480 B CN 103163480B CN 201310113880 A CN201310113880 A CN 201310113880A CN 103163480 B CN103163480 B CN 103163480B
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of appraisal procedure of lithium battery health status, relate to the technical field of battery, in order making, the accuracy of data estimation is higher, evaluation method is comparatively simple and cost is lower and invent.The appraisal procedure of this lithium battery health status comprises: obtain electric battery capacity attenuation rate in use; Obtain the capacity difference rate of change of the electric battery in use difference of the capacity of constant-current charge section and constant-voltage charge section; Described capacity attenuation rate, close to described capacity difference rate of change, is chosen the minimum value in described capacity attenuation rate and described capacity difference rate of change, is judged the health status of battery with this minimum value.The present invention is mainly used in the health status judging battery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of battery, in particular to a kind of appraisal procedure of lithium battery health status.
Background technology
At present, the SOH (StateofHealth, health status) of most lithium battery is judged by the ageing state of battery, and the major parameter that characterizing battery is aging comprises the decay of battery capacity, the increase of the internal resistance of cell.
Battery capacity decay refers to, inside battery thickens consumption etc. to lithium ion because the generation of subsidiary reaction, passivating film causes to the parcel effect of reactive material and SEI film, and the reversible lithium ion of inside battery is constantly reduced in life total amount, during final arrival lower bound of capacity, arrive end-of-life status (such as when battery capacity can drop to 80%, namely during SOH < 80%, battery just should be replaced).The increase of battery resistance refers to be considered from the angle of battery output energy efficiency: while the external output power of battery, the internal resistance of cell carries out the consumption of portion of energy; When consuming arrival certain proportion (useful power is to the ratio of gross output), think that battery arrives end-of-life status.Battery end of life is thought when the general selection internal resistance of cell is increased to original 1.5 or 2 times.Wherein capacity attenuation and resistance increase, both one of reach limits value and all can assert end-of-life.
The evaluation method of lithium battery SOH is included in direct electric discharge, internal resistance method etc., electrochemical analysis, modelling etc.
Direct electric discharge mainly tests the electricity of releasing by the actual discharge of battery cell.
Internal resistance method mainly estimates SOH by the relation set up between internal resistance and SOH, namely can estimate SOH (R) by internal resistance of cell rate of change, as formula S OH (R)=(R
now-R
new)/(R
old-R
new), or SOH (R)=(R
old-R
now)/(R
old-R
new, wherein R
nowrepresent the internal resistance that battery is current, R
newrepresent internal resistance when battery dispatches from the factory, R
oldrepresent the internal resistance of battery time battery capacity drops to end of life.
Can find out from above-mentioned, along with the growth of service time of battery, the internal resistance of cell is in increase, and battery capacity declines, thus can estimate SOH.But the capacity of some battery drops to the 25% even 30% rear internal resistance of cell just meeting obviously increase, relies on the accuracy that internal resistance method will affect SOH data estimation like this; In addition, at different temperature battery operated, the impedance of battery is discrepant, and the internal resistance that temperature not only affects battery also affects polarization resistance, and the difference of such temperature will affect the accuracy of SOH data estimation (impact of low temperature environment is particularly serious).
Electrochemical analysis mainly applies the different sinusoidal signal of multiple frequency to battery, and to the data message analysis collected, the current performance of prediction battery.But before by the method, usually need to do a large amount of data collection and analysis, to obtain the characteristic of battery, the method is the comparatively complicated trouble of process not only, and cost also costly.
Modelling mainly analyzes the chemical reaction that inside battery occurs, and sets up the model of battery based on this, calculates the rate of decay of battery capacity with this model, draws the SOH of battery.Utilize Erying equation, by activation enthalpy, the relation of activation entropy and temperature judges capacity attenuation speed, but current the method difficulty is comparatively large, consuming time longer, and theory calculate and actual operating condition have larger difference simultaneously, and numerical precision reliability is not high.
Summary of the invention
Embodiments of the invention provide a kind of appraisal procedure of lithium battery health status, can make that the accuracy of data estimation is higher, evaluation method is comparatively simple and cost is lower.
For achieving the above object, embodiments of the invention adopt following technical scheme:
The appraisal procedure of a kind of lithium battery health status that the embodiment of the present invention provides comprises:
An appraisal procedure for lithium battery health status, is characterized in that, comprising:
Obtain electric battery capacity attenuation rate in use;
Obtain the capacity difference rate of change of the electric battery in use difference of the capacity of constant-current charge section and constant-voltage charge section;
Described capacity attenuation rate, close to described capacity difference rate of change, is chosen the minimum value in described capacity attenuation rate and described capacity difference rate of change, is judged the health status of battery with this minimum value.
Further, described electric battery is made up of multiple battery cell, obtains the capacity attenuation rate of each battery cell, and choose wherein minimum capacity attenuation rate as the capacity attenuation rate of electric battery.
The computing formula of the capacity attenuation rate of each described battery cell is: SOH (C
i)=C
i/ C
i0;
Wherein, SOH (C
i) the capacity attenuation rate of i-th battery cell, C
irepresent the actual capacity value recorded after i-th battery cell uses, C
i0represent the rated capacity value under i-th battery cell original state.
Wherein, obtain the capacity difference rate of change of each described battery cell, and choose the poor rate of change of wherein minimum capacity as battery capacity difference rate of change.
The computing formula of the capacity difference rate of change of each described battery cell is: SOH (D
i)=D
i/ D
i0;
Wherein, SOH (D
i) the capacity difference rate of change of i-th monomer; D
irepresent the difference of i-th battery cell capacity of constant-current charge section and the capacity of constant-voltage charge section after a procedure; D
i0represent the difference of i-th battery cell capacity of constant-current charge section and the capacity of constant-voltage charge section in an initial condition.
In addition, described C
i, C
i0can obtain from battery management system.
Described D
i, D
i0also can obtain from battery management system.
The appraisal procedure of the lithium battery health status that the embodiment of the present invention provides, comprising: obtain electric battery capacity attenuation rate in use; Obtain the capacity difference rate of change of the electric battery in use difference of the capacity of constant-current charge section and constant-voltage charge section.Can find out like this, compare from electric battery capacity attenuation rate in use to judge the health status of battery, the embodiment of the present invention judges the health status of battery by comparing capacity attenuation rate and capacity difference rate of change, and because described capacity attenuation rate is close to described capacity difference rate of change, therefore the minimum value in described capacity attenuation rate and described capacity difference rate of change is chosen, with the health status of this minimum value estimating battery, the estimation accuracy rate of lithium battery health status can be improved like this, and this evaluation method does not need to carry out a large amount of data collection and analysis, therefore this evaluation method is comparatively simple, and cost is lower.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
The appraisal procedure schematic flow sheet of the lithium battery health status that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The curve map of capacity attenuation rate and capacity difference rate of change in the appraisal procedure of the lithium battery health status that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The curve map of capacity attenuation rate and internal resistance of cell rate of growth in the appraisal procedure of the lithium battery health status that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under the prerequisite of not making creative work, all belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of appraisal procedure of lithium battery health status that the embodiment of the present invention provides comprises:
Step S10, obtains electric battery capacity attenuation rate in use;
Step S11, obtains the capacity difference rate of change of the electric battery in use difference of the capacity of constant-current charge section and constant-voltage charge section;
Step S12, described capacity attenuation rate, close to described capacity difference rate of change, is chosen the minimum value in described capacity attenuation rate and described capacity difference rate of change, is judged the health status of battery with this minimum value.
Can find out like this, compare from electric battery capacity attenuation rate in use to judge the health status of battery, the embodiment of the present invention can judge the health status of battery by comparing capacity attenuation rate and capacity difference rate of change, and because described capacity attenuation rate is close to described capacity difference rate of change, therefore the minimum value in described capacity attenuation rate and described capacity difference rate of change is chosen, with the health status of this minimum value estimating battery, the estimation accuracy rate of lithium battery health status can be improved like this, can also avoid because internal resistance of cell change in early stage is little and the Different Effects cubic content measurement of temperature and make cell health state estimate the drawback of accuracy rate, and this evaluation method does not need to carry out a large amount of data collection and analysis, therefore this evaluation method is comparatively simple, and cost is lower.
Here constant current, constant-voltage charge are illustrated under carrying out, in constant-current charge process, battery is not filled when arriving cut-off voltage, therefore in immediately follows constant-voltage charge process, when the electric current of battery level off to gradually zero time battery be filled, battery capacity is compensated.Battery constant current particularly, constant-voltage charge process are:
First constant-current charge is carried out, (C represents the rated capacity of battery to the steady current 0.2C ~ 1C of the less multiplying power of constant-current charging phase employing, unit is generally mAh) electric current of scope charges, after arriving final voltage, leave standstill 0.5h-1h again, then utilize the magnitude of voltage equaling final voltage to carry out constant-voltage charge, when electric current is less than 0.01C-0.02C, stop charging.
Above-mentioned electric battery is made up of multiple battery cell, obtains the capacity attenuation rate of each battery cell, and chooses wherein minimum capacity attenuation rate and form described capacity attenuation rate SOH (C), i.e. SOH (C)=min{SOH (C
1), SOH (C
2), SOH (C
3) ..., SOH (C
i) ..., SOH (C
n).
Wherein, the capacity attenuation rate of electric battery can obtain according to the ratio of the capacity of (namely under original state) and the capacity after using before electric battery use.
Particularly, the computing formula of the capacity attenuation rate of each described battery cell is: SOH (C
i)=C
i/ C
i0; Wherein, SOH (C
i) the capacity attenuation rate of i-th battery cell, C
irepresent the actual capacity value that i-th battery cell records through overdischarge after a procedure, C
i0represent the rated capacity value (or also can refer to the actual capacity that cell records when first use) under i-th battery cell original state.
Obtain the capacity difference rate of change of each described battery cell, and choose the poor rate of change of wherein minimum capacity as described capacity difference rate of change SOH (D), i.e. SOH (D)=min{SOH (D
1), SOH (D
2), SOH (D
3) ..., SOH (D
i) ..., SOH (D
n).
Wherein, the capacity difference rate of change of electric battery obtains at the ratio of the capacity difference of constant current, constant-voltage charge section before using according to electric battery after the capacity difference and use of constant current, constant-voltage charge section.
Particularly, the computing formula of the capacity difference rate of change of each described battery cell is:: SOH (D
i)=D
i/ D
i0; Wherein, SOH (D
i) the capacity difference rate of change of i-th monomer; D
irepresent the capacity Q of i-th battery cell constant-current charge section after a procedure
1' with the capacity Q of constant-voltage charge section
2' difference (i.e. D
i=Q
1'-Q
2'); D
i0represent the capacity Q of i-th battery cell constant-current charge section in an initial condition
1with the capacity Q of constant-voltage charge section
2difference (i.e. D
i0=Q
1-Q
2).
Be such as 3.6v battery for nominal voltage, its electric discharge lower voltage limit can be decided to be 3.0V, carries out constant current 0.8C charging from 3.0V, stops charging, the capability value (Q described above of record constant-current charging phase when voltage reaches 4.2V
1or Q
1'), and leave standstill 0.5h; Then start to carry out 4.2V constant-voltage charge, when electric current is less than 0.02C, stop charging, the capability value (Q described above of record constant voltage charging phase
2or Q
2').
Capacity attenuation rate is mentioned close to capacity difference rate of change in aforementioned, specifically can refer to Fig. 2, wherein horizontal ordinate represents the cycle index of battery discharge and constant current, constant-voltage charge, ordinate represents capacity attenuation rate and the capacity difference rate of change of battery, curve 1 represents the curve of capacity attenuation rate, and curve 2 represents the curve of capacity difference rate of change.
As seen from Figure 2, the battery of starting stage is also in active state in circulation in early stage (cycle index is approximately about 20 times) in charging, and capacity difference rate of change is in rising trend in early stage cycle charging, therefore with capacity attenuation rate, there is larger difference, but the capacity attenuation rate in all the other stages except this stage and capacity difference rate of change very close, overall average error is approximately 3.1%.The cycle index differed greatly due to capacity attenuation rate and capacity difference rate of change much smaller than both close cycle indexes, therefore early stage cycle charging data can consider, after the data of removing activation stage in earlier stage like this, average error is contracted to and is about 1.9%.
In figure 3, horizontal ordinate represents the cycle index of battery discharge, and ordinate represents capacity attenuation rate and the internal resistance of cell rate of change of battery, and wherein internal resistance of cell rate of change can represent with SOH (R), i.e. SOH (R)=(R
now-R
new)/(R
old-R
new), or SOH (R)=(R
old-R
now)/(R
old-R
new), curve 3 represents the curve of internal resistance of cell rate of change, and curve 4 represents the curve of capacity attenuation rate.The average error of the capacity attenuation rate in battery discharge stage and the rate of change of its internal resistance is about 4.07%, and the estimation accuracy rate that the average error of the capacity difference rate of change of the capacity attenuation rate in battery discharge stage and battery constant current, constant voltage charging phase is about 1.9%, therefore can further illustrate by judging battery constant current, the capacity difference rate of change of constant voltage charging phase can improve lithium battery health status.
In addition, above-mentioned C
i, C
i0and D
i, D
i0all can directly obtain from battery management system (BMS), certainly this just wherein a kind of optional scheme, C
i, C
i0, D
i, D
i0can also be obtained by the mode known to other those skilled in that art.
Above-mentioned i, n value is all according to battery cell quantity and determining particularly in battery, but also not open numerical value.
Not only accuracy rate is higher for the evaluation method of the embodiment of the present invention, but also comparatively simple and cost is lower, goes for being applied in the battery on a lot of equipment, such as, is applied in the lithium battery on electric automobile or the lithium battery etc. on mobile phone.
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; change can be expected easily or replace, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of described claim.
Claims (7)
1. an appraisal procedure for lithium battery health status, is characterized in that, comprising:
Obtain electric battery capacity attenuation rate in use;
Obtain the capacity difference rate of change of the electric battery in use difference of the capacity of constant-current charge section and constant-voltage charge section;
Described capacity attenuation rate, close to described capacity difference rate of change, is chosen the minimum value in described capacity attenuation rate and described capacity difference rate of change, is judged the health status of battery with this minimum value.
2. the appraisal procedure of lithium battery health status according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described electric battery is made up of multiple battery cell, obtains the capacity attenuation rate of each battery cell, and choose wherein minimum capacity attenuation rate as the capacity attenuation rate of electric battery.
3. the appraisal procedure of lithium battery health status according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the computing formula of the capacity attenuation rate of each described battery cell is: SOH (C
i)=C
i/ C
i0;
Wherein, SOH (C
i) represent the capacity attenuation rate of i-th battery cell, C
irepresent the actual capacity value that i-th battery cell records after a procedure, C
i0represent the rated capacity value under the original state of i-th battery cell.
4. the appraisal procedure of lithium battery health status according to claim 2, is characterized in that, obtains the capacity difference rate of change of each described battery cell, and chooses the capacity difference rate of change of the poor rate of change of wherein minimum capacity as electric battery.
5. the appraisal procedure of lithium battery health status according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the computing formula of the capacity difference rate of change of each described battery cell is: SOH (D
i)=D
i/ D
i0;
Wherein, SOH (D
i) represent the capacity difference rate of change of i-th battery cell; D
irepresent the difference of i-th battery cell capacity of constant-current charge section and the capacity of constant-voltage charge section after a procedure; D
i0represent the difference of i-th battery cell capacity of constant-current charge section and the capacity of constant-voltage charge section in an initial condition.
6. the appraisal procedure of lithium battery health status according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described C
i, C
i0obtain from battery management system.
7. the appraisal procedure of lithium battery health status according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described D
i, D
i0obtain from battery management system.
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