CN103154467A - 内燃发动机的排气涡轮增压器 - Google Patents
内燃发动机的排气涡轮增压器 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103154467A CN103154467A CN2011800465323A CN201180046532A CN103154467A CN 103154467 A CN103154467 A CN 103154467A CN 2011800465323 A CN2011800465323 A CN 2011800465323A CN 201180046532 A CN201180046532 A CN 201180046532A CN 103154467 A CN103154467 A CN 103154467A
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/02—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for the fluid remaining in the liquid phase
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
- F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种内燃发动机(2)的排气涡轮增压器(1),该排气涡轮增压器具有一个压缩机(3),并且具有一个涡轮机(4),该涡轮机包括一个涡轮机壳体(5),其中该涡轮机壳体(5)包括一个蒸发器(6),源于该内燃发动机(2)的排气的热量能够被该蒸发器接纳以用于一种工作流体的蒸发,并且其中该蒸发器(6)被流动连接到一个管线安排(7),在该工作流体的流动方向(S)上观察,在该管线安排中安排了一个蒸汽涡轮机(8)并在其下游安排一个冷凝器(9)。
Description
说明书
本发明涉及根据权利要求1前序部分的一种内燃发动机的排气涡轮增压器。
朗肯(Rankine)循环过程基本适合于利用来自排气涡轮增压器和/或内燃发动机的废热,在不同发动机负荷和速度状态以及温度水平下可利用的能量的数量成为高效利用这样一种朗肯过程的关键。
在现有的解决方案中,例如为了提供足够的能量已经提出了作为用于排气***的附加设备的排气再循环冷却器或大的且昂贵的换热器,以便通过使用朗肯过程来实现燃料消耗的显著改善。
然而,由于这些现有解决方案不尽如人意,这是由于除高成本外它们还表示出占据大量整体空间的额外器具,如上述的冷却器和换热器,本发明的目的是创建一种在权利要求1的前序部分中所指明类型的排气涡轮增压器,这种排气涡轮增压器将允许来自涡轮增压器/内燃发动机***的废热的高效利用。
这一目的是通过权利要求1的特征来实现的。
与依赖于使用多个附加单元的现有技术相比,根据本发明该涡轮机壳体和/或在一个特别优选的进一步的实施例中排气歧管被用作换热器,这是由于就朗肯过程的整合而言这提供了一种利用来自排气涡轮增压器和/或内燃发动机的废热的极其节省空间且更成本有效的可能性。
具体地说,为了蒸发该工作流体,根据本发明可以使用壁热传导原理将来自排气的热量传递到该涡轮机壳体或排气歧管。
该工作流体相应地在该涡轮机壳体的蒸发器中被蒸发并且然后在操作性地连接到该蒸发器的管线安排的一个蒸汽涡轮机中膨胀,这之后其通过冷凝器而转化成液态并被返回该涡轮机壳体之中,以便重复之前描述的工作流体的蒸发、膨胀、冷凝以及返回的循环。
除驱动该涡轮机并由此驱动该排气涡轮增压器外,内燃发动机的排气的能量可因此被额外地用来驱动该蒸汽涡轮机,该蒸汽涡轮机根据可利用的能量的数量来传送一个相应的输出功率。
在此有可能通过该涡轮机壳体和/或排气歧管来控制或调整该工作流体的流动,以便能够改变被带走的热量的数量。
此外,通过控制或调整该工作流体的流动可维持该涡轮机壳体和/或排气歧管的所希望的壁温。
这些从属权利要求包含本发明的多个有利发展。
因而,有可能在该涡轮机壳体中和/或在该排气歧管中提供多个温度传感器以便执行先前说明的这些过程。
此外有可能在管线安排中提供一个用于该工作流体的关闭阀,以便防止入口处的工作流体流动进入该涡轮机壳体和/或排气歧管中。
此外如果有意地阻止进入涡轮机壳体中的流动,有可能对该涡轮机壳体和/或排气歧管提供一个用于该工作流体的出口,以便工作流体全部能够从该涡轮机壳体和/或排气歧管排出。
此外,本发明允许对于车辆工况的调节,通过改变所带走的能量的数量来优化用于发动机输出或用于乘坐舒适性的环境温度或其他参数。
最终,有可能将一个用于该工作流体的预热装置提供为一个附加单元,例如有可能利用该***中其他点处的冷却器中的发动机冷却液或排气。
本发明的进一步的细节、优点和特征将在以下通过参照附图的示例性实施例的说明进行阐述。
以高度示意性地简化表示,单个附图示出了一个对根据本发明的原理进行说明的框图。
因此提供了一个内燃发动机2的一个排气涡轮机增压器1,该排气涡轮增压器1包括一个压缩机3和一个涡轮机4,该涡轮机被驱动连接到该压缩机3上并且该涡轮机安排在一个涡轮机壳体5中。
如该图中简化的表示所展示的,该涡轮机壳体5配备有一个蒸发器6,源于内燃发动机2的该排气温度的排气的热量能够被该蒸发器接受以用来蒸发一种工作流体。
在所示的实施例中,蒸发器6包括三个蒸发管道10、11和12,这些蒸发管道携带该工作流体并且这些蒸发管道被流动的连接到一个管线安排7。
在蒸发器6中蒸发的工作流体的流动方向S上观察,一个蒸汽涡轮机8安排在该管线安排7的一个第一管线部分7A中,该蒸发涡轮机由蒸发的工作流体驱动并且传送一个功率P。在该管线安排7的邻接该管线部分7A的管线部分7B中,一个冷凝器9安排在蒸汽涡轮机8的下游,该冷凝器将在该蒸汽涡轮机8中膨胀的工作流体再冷凝成液态并且通过一个泵13将共泵送至一个管线部分7C中并泵送至一个邻接的管线部分7D中。被冷凝的工作流体从管线部分7D返回该蒸发器6的这些管线10、11、12中,以便能够重复先前描述的工作流体的蒸发、膨胀、冷凝和返回该蒸发器6中的循环过程。
为了能够阻止冷凝的工作流体返回蒸发器6中,在该管线部分7D中进一步安排了一个关闭阀14。
在所示的特别优选的实施例中,内燃发动机2配备有一个排气歧管15,该排气歧管被整合到汽缸盖中并且该排气歧管依次被冷却液管道16、17、18、19、20和21封闭。如同蒸发器6,这些管道也可实施为一个蒸发器并且可以***作性地连接到管线安排7及其先前描述的多个部件上,以便允许一个另外的处于最初描述的朗肯过程形式的工作流体循环的可替代的或附加的性能。
附图中所表示的该***的其他部件可从以下参考号清单中看到,尽管可将它们有利地操作性地连接到先前描述的***上,这些部件的详细说明对于根据本发明的原理的说明不是必要的。
除本发明的书面披露外,在此将明确参考旨在补充本披露的附图的图形表示。
参考号清单
1 排气涡轮增压器
2 内燃发动机
3 压缩机
4 涡轮机
5 涡轮机壳体
6 蒸发器
7 管线安排
7A至7D 管线安排7的管线部分
8 蒸汽涡轮机
9 冷凝器
10-12 蒸发管道
13 泵
14 关闭阀
15 排气歧管
16-21 内燃发动机2的蒸发器或冷却液管道
22 排气调节器
23 进气调节器
24 进气歧管
25 高压排气再循环冷却器
26 高压排气再循环阀
27 进气节流阀
28 空气冷却器
29 低压排气再循环阀
30 低压排气冷却器
31 后处理装置
32 排气节流阀
33 排气管
34 废气门阀
35 废气门管线
Claims (10)
1.一种内燃发动机(2)的排气涡轮增压器(1)
-具有一个压缩机(3),并且
-具有一个涡轮机(4),该涡轮机具有一个涡轮机壳体(5),
其特征在于,
-该涡轮机壳体(5)包括一个蒸发器(6),源于该内燃发动机(2)排气的热量能够被该蒸发器接纳来用于一种工作流体的蒸发,并且其特征在于
-该蒸发器(6)被流动的连接到一个管线安排(7)上,在该工作流体的流动方向(S)上观察,该管线安排中安排了一个蒸汽涡轮机(8)并在其下游安排一个冷凝器(9)。
2.如权利要求1所述的排气涡轮增压器,其特征在于该蒸发器(6)包括整合到该涡轮机壳体(5)中的多个蒸发管道(10,11,12)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的排气涡轮增压器,其特征在于在该工作流体的流动方向(S)上观察,一个泵(13)在该管线安排(7)中安排在该冷凝器(9)的下游。
4.如权利要求3所述的排气涡轮增压器,其特征在于在该工作流体的流动方向(S)上观察,一个关闭阀(14)在该管线安排(7)中安排在该泵(13)的下游。
5.如权利要求1至4之一所述的排气涡轮增压器,其特征在于该内燃发动机(2)包括一个整体的排气歧管(15),该排气歧管配备有一个蒸发器(16至21),该蒸发器***作性地连接到该管线安排(7)以及其蒸汽涡轮机(8)以及其冷凝器(9)上。
6.如权利要求1至4之一所述的排气涡轮增压器,其特征在于该涡轮机壳体(5)的材料是铝或铸铁。
7.如权利要求5所述的排气涡轮增压器,其特征在于该排气歧管(15)的材料是铝或铸铁。
8.如权利要求1至4之一或6所述的排气涡轮增压器,其特征在于该涡轮机壳体(5)配备有至少一个温度传感器。
9.如权利要求5或7所述的排气涡轮增压器,其特征在于该排气歧管(15)配备有至少一个温度传感器。
10.如权利要求1至9之一所述的排气涡轮增压器,其特征为一种用于该工作流体的预热装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102010048142.4 | 2010-10-11 | ||
DE102010048142 | 2010-10-11 | ||
PCT/US2011/055235 WO2012051062A2 (en) | 2010-10-11 | 2011-10-07 | Exhaust turbocharger of an internal combustion engine |
Publications (2)
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CN103154467A true CN103154467A (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
CN103154467B CN103154467B (zh) | 2015-09-30 |
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CN201180046532.3A Active CN103154467B (zh) | 2010-10-11 | 2011-10-07 | 内燃发动机的排气涡轮增压器 |
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US (1) | US9500199B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101925423B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103154467B (zh) |
DE (1) | DE112011102951B4 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012051062A2 (zh) |
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DE102012022676A1 (de) * | 2012-11-21 | 2014-05-22 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Verdampfer zur teilweisen oder vollständigen Verdampfung eines Flüssigkeitsstromes |
EP3022408B1 (en) | 2013-07-15 | 2020-08-19 | Volvo Truck Corporation | Internal combustion engine arrangement comprising a waste heat recovery system and process for controlling said system |
KR101534701B1 (ko) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-07-24 | 현대자동차 주식회사 | 알루미늄 터빈하우징을 갖는 엔진시스템 |
US9506426B2 (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2016-11-29 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for recycling engine feedgas cold-start emissions |
CN106150627B (zh) * | 2015-03-27 | 2020-01-31 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | 发动机组件及具有其的车辆 |
KR101897341B1 (ko) * | 2016-09-12 | 2018-09-13 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 차량의 엔진 구조 |
DE102018205873B3 (de) | 2018-04-18 | 2019-08-08 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Abgaskrümmer mit Luftspaltisolierung |
CN111120066A (zh) * | 2018-11-01 | 2020-05-08 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | 车辆及其发动机冷却*** |
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- 2011-10-07 DE DE112011102951.9T patent/DE112011102951B4/de active Active
- 2011-10-07 US US13/876,865 patent/US9500199B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR101925423B1 (ko) | 2019-02-27 |
US20130195619A1 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
DE112011102951T5 (de) | 2013-07-04 |
WO2012051062A3 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
US9500199B2 (en) | 2016-11-22 |
WO2012051062A2 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
DE112011102951B4 (de) | 2021-07-22 |
KR20130122946A (ko) | 2013-11-11 |
CN103154467B (zh) | 2015-09-30 |
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