CN103154442B - Device and method for the recovery of waste heat of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Device and method for the recovery of waste heat of an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103154442B
CN103154442B CN201180049026.XA CN201180049026A CN103154442B CN 103154442 B CN103154442 B CN 103154442B CN 201180049026 A CN201180049026 A CN 201180049026A CN 103154442 B CN103154442 B CN 103154442B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
steam
pipeline
decompressor
steam accumulator
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201180049026.XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN103154442A (en
Inventor
N·艾森门格尔
A·布伦克
D·泽埃尔
G·雷韦斯
H-C·马格尔
A·温格特
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of CN103154442A publication Critical patent/CN103154442A/en
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Publication of CN103154442B publication Critical patent/CN103154442B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/08—Use of accumulators and the plant being specially adapted for a specific use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1807—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for the recovery of waste heat from an internal combustion engine (2). A feed pump (6), a heat exchanger (8), an expansion engine (10) and a capacitor (12) are arranged in a circuit (4) containing a circulating working medium. A steam accumulator (40) for storing the vaporous working medium is also arranged in the circuit (4).

Description

For the apparatus and method of the Waste Heat Reuse of internal-combustion engine
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of apparatus and method for Waste Heat Reuse according to claim 1 preamble.
Background technique
Disclosed a kind of supercharging device by DE102006057247A1, this supercharging device is used for the Waste Heat Reuse of internal-combustion engine.At least one heat exchanger in a kind of loop of working medium is arranged in the venting gas appliance of internal-combustion engine.In addition, a turbine components and a conveying unit are arranged in this loop.A compressor part be arranged in the venting gas appliance of internal-combustion engine is driven by turbine components.
Summary of the invention
Have the feature of independent claims, have following advantage according to the device of the Waste Heat Reuse for internal-combustion engine of the present invention and relevant method according to the present invention: steam---this steam is optional for certain time point---is stored and just by continuation conveying when needed or when there being load request to decompressor.
In the of short duration load variations of internal-combustion engine, as it such as occurs when brake motor-car, the heat be discharged by vent systems can not exclusively be led back to in the power train of Motor Vehicle, because do not have load request at that moment.The heat energy of being discharged by vent systems will be lost, if do not have the operational words of suitable stocking system.By steam accumulator, heat energy can be stored and be used again to later time point.
The example other for of load variations of the short-term of internal-combustion engine is, the overtaking process of Motor Vehicle after previous braking.Here, internal-combustion engine needs very high energy momently, and this energy can extract from steam accumulator.
Always time lag ground can for decompressor due to the thermal inertia of at least one heat exchanger and heat conducting thermal inertia for the heat energy of waste gas and waste gas loop back device.An advantage of the present invention is, heat energy can be stored by steam accumulator, and again available when of short duration load request.
In the dependent claims, be presented according to method of the present invention with according to the favourable configuration of device of the present invention and improvement project.
An additional advantage is drawn by a ducted layout of the pipeline loop of steam accumulator between heat exchanger and decompressor, because steam accumulator is arranged between steam generator and steam consumption device, and on long section, do not produce more loss thus.
By a kind of structure---wherein, steam accumulator is directly connected with heat exchanger by a lateral---and draw advantage, namely the spatial neighborhood passed through between heat exchanger and steam accumulator can use a common seal or a common structure space.
Decompressor and steam accumulator are favourable by the connection of lateral, because available in operation decompressor immediately by decompressor steam when of short duration load request, and the not free loss in long section.
The other favourable layout of of steam accumulator is, this steam accumulator is connected, because the steam produced by heat exchanger is not forcibly flowed on the path leading to decompressor by steam accumulator with a pipeline between heat exchanger and decompressor by lateral.
Particularly advantageously, an adjustable valve shown in one of above-mentioned lateral, because the reception of steam and discharge and can be controlled by adjustable valve wittingly, and thermodynamic cycle can be got involved thus---this thermodynamic cycle of working medium percolation---adjustment in.By on purpose opening and closing valve, pressure surge in a heat exchanger and the pipeline connect can reduce.In addition, the steam by receiving from pipeline loop and discharging can affect evaporating temperature.
The setting of the steam accumulator in a bypass connecting device parallel relative to decompressor is favourable, because steam can be walked around from decompressor is other from this steam accumulator via bypass connecting device, and heat energy also can be discharged in a cool cycles connected via condenser thus.
If steam accumulator is connected with bypass connecting device by a changeover valve, then the setting of steam accumulator in bypass connecting device is particularly advantageous, because this is a kind of reliable method that can control reception and exhaust steam on all possible direction.In addition, by changeover valve, steam can be walked around condenser and directly be incorporated into steam accumulator from heat exchanger.If steam accumulator can not receive steam or steam heats due to too low crossing and do not have enough quality, then this is favourable.
Use on the side of heat exchanger an adjustable valve and on the opposite side use relief valve be counted as the cost-effective especially scheme for the steam accumulator in the bypass connecting device parallel relative to decompressor.By adjustable valve, steam can on purpose be received by steam accumulator and discharge, and relief valve prevents the pressure that generation one is too high in steam accumulator.
The reduction of pressure pulsation and pressure surge is favourable, and its mode is that steam is discharged from steam accumulator and/or received by steam accumulator, because do not have to produce the cost being used for surge suppressing by other component.
By for regulating the adjustable valve of evaporating pressure to receive and exhaust steam via steam accumulator, other component, such as can be saved for the additional storage volumes of the working medium in the state of vaporish or liquid.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Embodiments of the invention shown in the drawings, and set forth in more detail in ensuing explanation.Wherein:
Fig. 1 show in a schematic the device for Waste Heat Reuse according to the first embodiment;
Fig. 2 show in a schematic the device for Waste Heat Reuse according to the second embodiment;
Fig. 3 show in a schematic the device for Waste Heat Reuse according to the 3rd embodiment; With
Fig. 4 show in a schematic the device for Waste Heat Reuse according to the 4th embodiment.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 shows the device for Waste Heat Reuse that has the internal-combustion engine of pipeline loop 4, and working medium circulates in this pipeline loop.At least one heat exchanger 8, decompressor 10, condenser 12 and a feed water pump 6 are arranged in pipeline loop 4.In addition, in pipeline loop 4, a steam accumulator 40 is provided with for storing vaporish working medium, as set forth in more detail in the explanation of each embodiment afterwards.
Internal-combustion engine 2 can especially be set to air compressing, self ignition or mixing compression, external source igniting internal-combustion engine 2.This device being used for Waste Heat Reuse is ad hoc applicable to applying in a motor vehicle.Device for Waste Heat Reuse of the present invention however be also applicable to other applicable cases.
Internal-combustion engine 2 combustion fuel is with produce power.The waste gas here produced is discharged via a gas outlet means, and an exhaust gas catalyzer can be arranged in this gas outlet means.The pipe section 22 of gas outlet means is through heat exchanger 8.To be discharged to by pipe section 22 on the working medium arranged in heat exchanger 8 from the heat of waste gas or waste gas loop back device, thus working medium can evaporate and overheated in heat exchanger 8.
The heat exchanger 8 of pipeline loop 4 is connected with decompressor 10 by pipeline 26.Decompressor 10 can be set to turbo machine or reciprocator.The working medium of evaporation flows to decompressor 10 by pipeline 26, and drives this decompressor.Decompressor 10 has driven shaft 11, and decompressor 10 is connected with a load by this driven shaft.Such as mechanical energy can be delivered in power train thus, or for driving generator, pump or similar.After flowing through decompressor 10, working medium is directed to condenser 12 by pipeline 28.The working medium unloaded by decompressor 10 is cooled in condenser 12.Condenser 12 can be connected with a cooling circuit 20.This cooling circuit 20 can be a cooling circuit of internal-combustion engine 2.In condenser 12, the working medium of liquefaction is transported to pipeline 24 from feed water pump 6 by pipeline 29.
A pressure regulator valve 27 is arranged in pipeline 24, and this pressure regulator valve is used for regulating pressure in the input path leading to heat exchanger 8.By the pressure preset in the input path leading to heat exchanger 8, the evaporating temperature of working medium can be controlled.In addition, a bypass connecting device 31 is set up abreast relative to feed water pump 6, and an excess pressure valve 30 is arranged in this bypass connecting device.The maximum authouized pressure of the working medium between feed water pump 6 and heat exchanger 8 can be regulated by excess pressure valve 30.
Pipeline 24 directly leads in heat exchanger 8, and working medium evaporates and overheated in this heat exchanger.By pipeline 26, the working medium of evaporation arrives decompressor 10 again, and working medium percolation pipeline loop 4 again.Working medium by the circulating direction of pipeline loop 4 by feed water pump 6 and decompressor 10 given.Therefore, can constantly from waste gas and the waste gas loop back device taking-up heat energy of internal-combustion engine 2 by heat exchanger 8, this heat energy exports to load 11 with the form of mechanical energy.
As working medium, can use water or other liquid a kind of, this liquid is corresponding with thermodynamic requirement.Working medium experiences thermodynamic (al) change of state when flowing through pipeline loop 4.In the liquid phase, working medium is brought to stress level for evaporating by feed water pump 6.Then, the heat energy of waste gas outputs on working medium via heat exchanger 8.At this, working medium evaporates isobaricly, and overheated subsequently.Then, steam adiabatically expands in decompressor 10.Obtain mechanical energy at this and be delivered on axle 11.Then, working medium cools in condenser 12, and is again inputed to water pump 6.
In the embodiment in figure 1, steam accumulator 40 is located in the pipeline 26 of the pipeline loop 4 between heat exchanger 8 and decompressor 10.
The steam supplied by heat exchanger 8 can be received by steam accumulator 40, and again discharges from steam accumulator 40 when decompressor 10 has load request.
Fig. 2 shows the second embodiment, and wherein, steam accumulator 40 is connected with pipeline loop 4 by a lateral 44.Lateral 44 passes in the pipeline 26 of the pipeline loop 4 between heat exchanger 8 and decompressor 10.A controllable valve 42 can be arranged in lateral 44, and steam on purpose can be discharged by this valve or be received.
Lateral 44 alternately also directly can be connected with heat exchanger 8 or with decompressor 10 as other form of implementation, thus obtains the spatial neighborhood relative to steam generator or steam consumption device.These two alternative schemes in fig. 2 lateral 44 by a dotted line illustrate.At this, controllable valve 42 here also can be arranged in lateral 44.
Fig. 3 illustrates the 3rd embodiment.Steam accumulator 40 is arranged in a bypass connecting device 14, and this bypass connecting device is in parallel relative to decompressor 10.Steam accumulator 40 is connected with bypass connecting device 14 via a changeover valve 46.Changeover valve 46 has multiple connection possibility, and steam can be delivered by these connection possibility or export or can pass through from steam accumulator 40 is other.
In order to receive steam, changeover valve 46 can set up the connection between a pipeline 13 towards heat exchanger 8 at bypass connecting device 14 and steam accumulator 40.In this position of changeover valve 46, the steam produced in heat exchanger 8 is flow in steam accumulator 40 by pipeline 26 and pipeline 13.
Once decompressor 10 has load request, changeover valve 46 can re-establish the connection between a pipeline 13 in the phase heat exchanger 8 of bypass connecting device 14 and steam accumulator 40.In this case, steam flows to decompressor 10 from steam accumulator 40 via pipeline 13 and pipeline 26.
Once decompressor 10 does not have load request, changeover valve 46 can set up one steam accumulator 40 and bypass connecting device 14 towards condenser 12 pipeline 15 between connection.Steam flows to condenser 12 via pipeline 15 and pipeline 28.Heat can be discharged via on other cold but circulation loop of condenser 12 one on the cooling circuit of internal-combustion engine 2 or in vehicle by the steam heated.
If should be walked around from decompressor 10 is other by the steam heated, but should do not received by steam accumulator 40, so changeover valve 46 can set up the direct connection between a pipeline 13 at bypass connecting device 14 and pipeline 15.If decompressor 10 does not have load request, but continue to produce in heat exchanger 8 by the steam heated, so steam can be walked around from decompressor 10 is other via bypass connecting device 14.
Fig. 4 illustrates the 4th embodiment, and wherein, steam accumulator 40 is arranged in bypass connecting device 14 as shown in Figure 3.Steam accumulator 40 is connected with the pipeline 13 of bypass connecting device via an adjustable valve 48.Steam accumulator 40 has a relief valve 50 on the opposite side, and steam accumulator 40 is connected with the pipeline 15 of bypass connecting device 14 via this relief valve.
Steam via pipeline 13 is received and discharges and can be controlled by adjustable valve 48.If produce more than required for decompressor 10 of steam by heat exchanger 8, this steam can be received by steam accumulator 40 via adjustable valve 48.If decompressor 10 need momently steam or it have extra high load request, steam can arrive decompressor 10 from steam accumulator 40 via adjustable valve 48 and pipeline 13 and pipeline 26.
If can receive the steam flow larger than steam accumulator 40 via adjustable valve 48, this steam can be discharged when exceeding predetermined pressure again via relief valve 50.
All embodiments illustrated of the present invention can receive the steam that supplied by heat exchanger 8 in steam accumulator 40, and have during load request at decompressor 10 and discharge.
ACTIVE CONTROL can receive steam from steam accumulator 40 and extract steam by using an adjustable valve 42,46,48---as shown in form of implementation of Fig. 2 to Fig. 4---.Can be received or exhaust steam by steam accumulator 40 by opening adjustable valve 42,46,48.If adjustable valve 42,46,48 cuts out, so steam is walked around from steam accumulator 40 is other.
Receive steam or exhaust steam by controlling steam accumulator 40 on one's own initiative via adjustable valve 42,46,48, the pressure surge in pipeline loop 4 or pressure pulsation can be reduced.By receiving the such mode of steam by steam accumulator 40 exhaust steam and/or by steam accumulator 40, the pressure surge in heat exchanger 8 and in connect pipeline 24,26 can be reduced.
Receive steam and exhaust steam by controlling steam accumulator 40 on one's own initiative via adjustable valve 42,46,48, the volume of the working medium in pipeline loop 4 also can change, and gets involved the adjustment of evaporating pressure thus.

Claims (5)

1. for the device of the Waste Heat Reuse of internal-combustion engine (2), there is pipeline loop (4), a feed water pump (6) is furnished with in this pipeline loop, at least one heat exchanger (8), a decompressor (10) and a condenser (12), wherein, working medium is circulation in described pipeline loop (4), one is arranged in described pipeline loop (4) for the steam accumulator (40) storing vaporish working medium, it is characterized in that, described steam accumulator (40) is arranged in of described pipeline loop (4) pipeline (26) between heat exchanger (8) and decompressor (10), and, described steam accumulator (40) is arranged in a bypass connecting device (14), this bypass connecting device is in parallel with described decompressor (10), wherein, described steam accumulator (40) is connected with described bypass connecting device (14) via a changeover valve (46), via this changeover valve, steam is received or steam is output to the pipeline (13 leading to decompressor (10), 26) on or via pipeline (15, 28) be output on condenser (12).
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described steam accumulator (40) has an adjustable valve (48) on the side towards described heat exchanger (8), and on opposite side, have a relief valve (50).
3. for the device according to above any one of claim, for the method for the Waste Heat Reuse of internal-combustion engine (2), it is characterized in that, the steam supplied by heat exchanger (8) is received in steam accumulator (40), and is output from described steam accumulator (40) when there being load request to decompressor (10).
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, pressure pulsation and pressure surge are reduced, and its mode is that steam is output from described steam accumulator (40) and/or is received by described steam accumulator (40).
5. the method according to claim 3 or 4, is characterized in that, by receiving on one's own initiative on described steam accumulator (40) via an adjustable valve (42,46,48) and export the adjustment that steam gets involved vapor pressure.
CN201180049026.XA 2010-10-13 2011-09-07 Device and method for the recovery of waste heat of an internal combustion engine Expired - Fee Related CN103154442B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010042401.3 2010-10-13
DE102010042401A DE102010042401A1 (en) 2010-10-13 2010-10-13 Device and method for waste heat utilization of an internal combustion engine
PCT/EP2011/065468 WO2012048959A1 (en) 2010-10-13 2011-09-07 Device and method for the recovery of waste heat of an internal combustion engine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN103154442A CN103154442A (en) 2013-06-12
CN103154442B true CN103154442B (en) 2015-05-20

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US (1) US20130192225A1 (en)
CN (1) CN103154442B (en)
DE (1) DE102010042401A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2012048959A1 (en)

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