CN103151760A - Over-current protection method and protection circuit of motor of electric vehicle - Google Patents
Over-current protection method and protection circuit of motor of electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN103151760A CN103151760A CN2013100817145A CN201310081714A CN103151760A CN 103151760 A CN103151760 A CN 103151760A CN 2013100817145 A CN2013100817145 A CN 2013100817145A CN 201310081714 A CN201310081714 A CN 201310081714A CN 103151760 A CN103151760 A CN 103151760A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an over-current protection method and a protection circuit of a motor of an electric vehicle. The protection method comprises the following steps of: collecting a motor three-phase current signal, and converting the motor three-phase current signal into a voltage signal; comparing the voltage signal with a preset voltage limit to obtain a comparison result; judging whether the voltage signal exceeds the preset voltage limit or not according to a comparison result, if yes, turning off a motor control signal, and clamping the voltage signal to obtain a post-clamping voltage signal; calculating a motor three-phase current value according to the post-clamping voltage signal; and judging whether the motor three-phase current value exceeds a preset over-current protection limit, if not, restarting the motor control signal. According to the over-current protection method of the motor of the electric vehicle, on one hand, the probability that the motor and a motor controller system are out of service since over-current protection is triggered by signal interference is eliminated; and on the other hand, when a motor three-phase wire is subjected to over current, the motor and the motor controller system can be turned off in time, and the motor and a motor controller are effectively prevented from being damaged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electric machines control technology field, relate in particular to a kind of motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method and protective circuit.
Background technology
Tradition fuel-engined vehicle industry is faced with huge challenge because of energy shortage and climate warming, and the electric automobile of energy-conserving and environment-protective more and more receives publicity, and begins to move towards market from the laboratory.
On electric automobile, the mutual convert task of electric energy and mechanical energy is completed by motor at present.During the motor operation, if motor controller controls is improper, perhaps motor self occurs extremely, may cause motor triple line electric current to increase, " overcurrent " namely often said.If surpass the tolerance range of motor and electric machine controller element, can damage parts.Therefore electric machine controller need take corresponding strategy to avoid motor and electric machine controller because of the impact of being damaged property of overcurrent.
At present, special overcurrent protection scheme can be set all in electric vehicle motor controller, present stage way as follows:
Hardware aspect as shown in Figure 1, converts the motor three-phase current signal to voltage signal by the current acquisition element, afterwards voltage signal is sent into the comparing element that is made of dual comparator, and the output signal of comparing element is directly sent into main control module as first signal.In comparing element, set the overcurrent protection limit value by upper limit voltage and the lower limit voltage of setting comparator.In case the voltage signal of current acquisition element output is higher than upper voltage limit or lower than lower voltage limit, the high level signal of comparing element output will become low level signal.
The software aspect, as shown in Figure 2, after main control module receives low level signal, turn-off immediately pwm signal output, send simultaneously the overcurrent fault code to the external world, be in malfunction with this to entire car controller explanation motor and motor controller system, can't continue operation.
Yet in actual applications, take the motor of above-mentioned overcurrent protection scheme and electric machine controller usually can trigger because signal disturbs overcurrent protection, and then quit work.In such cases, the fail safe of vehicle can be greatly affected with the driving ride comfort, also affects to a certain extent market to the acceptance level of electric automobile simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to motor and electric machine controller and disturb the problem that triggers overcurrent protection because of signal, propose a kind of motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method and protective circuit.Be intended to erasure signal interference triggered overcurrent protection and make motor and possibility that motor controller system is out of service; simultaneously when the motor triple line really overcurrent situations occurs; in time close power machine and motor controller system, effectively protect motor and electric machine controller not to be damaged.
For achieving the above object, described motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method is characterized in, described guard method comprises,
Gather the motor three-phase current signal and be converted into voltage signal;
Described voltage signal is compared with default voltage limit value, obtain comparative result;
Judge according to described comparative result whether described voltage signal exceeds default voltage limit value, if so, turn-offs motor control signal, and this voltage signal is carried out clamper, obtain voltage signal after clamper;
Calculate motor three-phase electricity flow valuve according to voltage signal after described clamper;
Judge whether described motor three-phase electricity flow valuve has exceeded default overcurrent protection limit value; If not, restart motor control signal.
Preferably, described guard method also comprises, after restarting motor control signal, judges that whether the comparative result that obtains in T at the appointed time exceeds default voltage limit value again, if so, turn-offs motor control signal.
Preferably, described stipulated time T is 20ms.
Preferably, described default overcurrent protection limit value is peaked 2.5 times of described motor three-phase current signal.
A kind of motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection is characterized in, described protective circuit comprises,
The current acquisition element is used for gathering the motor three-phase current signal and being converted into voltage signal;
Comparison module is used for described voltage signal is compared with default voltage limit value, and obtains comparative result;
The clamper module is used for described voltage signal is carried out clamper, and voltage signal after the output clamper;
Main control module is used for judging that according to described comparative result whether described voltage signal has exceeded default voltage limit value, if so, turn-offs motor control signal; And judge whether described motor three-phase electricity flow valuve has exceeded default overcurrent protection limit value; If not, restart motor control signal.
Preferably, described main control module also is used for after restarting motor control signal, judges that whether the comparative result that obtains in T at the appointed time exceeds default voltage limit value again, if so, turn-offs motor control signal.
Preferably, described comparison module comprises the first electric capacity, the first resistance, the second resistance, the second electric capacity, dual comparator; Wherein, the output of described current acquisition element is through the first capacity earth;
The output of described current acquisition element connects the first power supply through the first resistance, this output also via the second resistance be connected RC low pass filter that electric capacity consists of and connect the input of dual comparator; The output of described dual comparator connects described the first power supply through the 4th resistance, and the output of this dual comparator connects main control module; And described default voltage limit value comprises upper limit voltage and the lower limit voltage that inputs to dual comparator.
Preferably, described the first power supply is the 5V power supply.
Preferably, described clamper module comprises the 3rd resistance, the 3rd electric capacity and clamp diode; Wherein, the output of described current acquisition element sequentially connects main control module via RC low pass filter and the clamp diode that the 3rd resistance and the 3rd electric capacity consist of.
Preferably, described current acquisition element is Hall current sensor; Main control module is digital signal processing chip.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is; circuit overcurrent protection of the present invention can carry out secondary to overcurrent and determine; thereby when interference signal triggers overcurrent protection; motor and motor controller system close has no progeny and can restart immediately, makes the electric automobile can be in the situation that do not stop to reset and continue operation.Therefore, eliminated because signal interference triggered overcurrent protection makes motor and motor controller system possibility out of service.
In addition, when the motor triple line really overcurrent situations occurred, the motor three-phase electricity flow valuve of perhaps calculating according to secondary signal exceeded default overcurrent protection limit value, and perhaps in stipulated time T, overcurrent fault can occur again.In these two kinds of situations, motor and motor controller system all can in time turn-off, and effective protection motor and electric machine controller are not damaged.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows overcurrent protection hardware circuit schematic diagram in prior art;
Fig. 2 illustrates overcurrent protection software flow pattern in the prior art;
Fig. 3 shows the flow chart of motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method of the present invention;
Fig. 4 shows in the flow chart shown in Fig. 3, after judging that described voltage signal has exceeded default voltage limit value, and the particular flow sheet of overcurrent protection method;
Fig. 5 shows the frame principle figure of motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection of the present invention;
Fig. 6 shows the circuit diagram of the motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection shown in Fig. 5.
Embodiment
For above-mentioned purpose, the feature and advantage that make invention can become apparent more, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 3 to Fig. 6, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
Fig. 3 shows the flow chart of motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method of the present invention, and as shown in Figure 3, described motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method comprises the following steps:
Gather the motor three-phase current signal and be converted into voltage signal S1;
Described voltage signal is compared with default voltage limit value, obtain comparative result S2;
Judge according to described comparative result whether described voltage signal exceeds default voltage limit value, if so, turn-offs motor control signal, and this voltage signal is carried out clamper, obtain voltage signal S3 after clamper;
Calculate motor three-phase electricity flow valuve S4 according to voltage signal after described clamper;
Judge whether described motor three-phase electricity flow valuve has exceeded default overcurrent protection limit value; If not, restart motor control signal S5.
It should be noted that in the step 1 of said method, the device that is used for gathering the motor three-phase current signal and being converted into voltage signal may be selected to be Hall current sensor.
In the step 3 of said method, described " shutoff motor control signal " only refers to the control signal of motor cut off, and motor is still running because of effect of inertia at short notice; After carrying out the secondary judgement, if immediately restart this motor control signal, can not affect the running of motor.
In the step 4 of said method, " calculating motor three-phase electricity flow valuve according to voltage signal after described clamper " computing formula used is as follows:
Wherein: Ip is motor three-phase electricity flow valuve; Vout is the output voltage of Hall current sensor; Vc is the operating voltage of Hall current sensor; G is conversion coefficient, and is relevant with the operating voltage Vc of Hall current sensor, and its value can be found in databook.
Further, described guard method also comprises, after restarting motor control signal, judges that whether the comparative result that obtains in T at the appointed time exceeds default voltage limit value again, if so, turn-offs motor control signal.
With reference to Fig. 4, the motor control signal of mentioning in above-mentioned steps can adopt pwm signal, and " shutoff motor control signal " is " turn-offing pwm signal output "; In like manner " restart motor control signal " and be " restarting pwm signal output ".Described overcurrent protection method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1: gather the motor three-phase current signal and be converted into voltage signal;
Step 2: described voltage signal is compared with default voltage limit value, obtain comparative result;
Step 3: judge that according to described comparative result whether described voltage signal has exceeded default voltage limit value, if so, is judged to be overcurrent fault one time, the output of shutoff pwm signal, and this voltage signal is carried out clamper, obtain after clamper after voltage signal execution in step 4; If not, return to execution in step 1;
Step 4: calculate motor three-phase electricity flow valuve according to voltage signal after described clamper;
Step 5: judge whether described motor three-phase electricity flow valuve has exceeded default overcurrent protection limit value; If so, execution in step 7; If not, restart pwm signal output, overcurrent number of times flag bit is added 1, then execution in step 6;
Step 6: judge whether the voltage signal that obtains in stipulated time T exceeds default voltage limit value again; If so, turn-off pwm signal output, then execution in step 7; If not, execution in step 8;
Step 7: be judged to be the generation overcurrent fault, send the overcurrent fault code to the external world, afterwards with the zero clearing of overcurrent number of times flag bit, the overcurrent fault processing finishes;
Step 8: judge that a described overcurrent fault is the signal interference triggered, control motor and motor controller system this moment and continue to move, and with the zero clearing of overcurrent number of times flag bit, the overcurrent fault processing finishes.
Fig. 5 shows the frame principle figure of motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection of the present invention, and as shown in Figure 5, described motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection comprises current acquisition element 1, comparison module 2, clamper module 4 and main control module 3.Wherein:
Described current acquisition element 1 is used for gathering the motor three-phase current signal and being converted into voltage signal.
Described comparison module 2 is used for described voltage signal is compared with default voltage limit value, and obtains comparative result.
Described clamper module 4 is used for described voltage signal is carried out clamper, and voltage signal after the output clamper.
Described main control module 3 is used for judging that according to described comparative result whether described voltage signal has exceeded default voltage limit value, if so, turn-offs motor control signal; And judge whether described motor three-phase electricity flow valuve has exceeded default overcurrent protection limit value; If not, restart motor control signal.Described main control module 3 also is used for after restarting motor control signal, judges that whether the comparative result that obtains in T at the appointed time exceeds default voltage limit value again, if so, turn-offs motor control signal.
Fig. 6 shows the circuit diagram of the motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection shown in Fig. 5, and as shown in Figure 6, the first capacitor C 1, the first resistance R 1, the second resistance R 2, the second capacitor C 2 and dual comparator have consisted of described module.The 3rd resistance R 3, the 3rd capacitor C 3 and clamp diode D1 have consisted of described clamper module 4.Concrete annexation is as follows:
The output of described current acquisition element 1 is through the first capacitor C 1 ground connection; The output of described current acquisition element 1 also connects the first power supply through the first resistance R 1, and the first power supply is elected as+the 5V power supply; , this output also via the second resistance R 2 be connected RC low pass filter that capacitor C 2 consists of and connect the input of dual comparator; The output of described dual comparator is through the 4th resistance R 4 connection+5V power supplys, and the output of this dual comparator connects main control module 3.
In addition, the output of described current acquisition element 1 also sequentially connects main control module 3 via the 3rd resistance R 3 with RC low pass filter and the clamp diode D1 that the 3rd capacitor C 3 consists of.
Particularly, current measuring element is Hall current sensor, and main control module 3 is Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chip.The first capacitor C 1 and the 4th capacitor C 4 are filter capacitor, the first resistance R 1 and the 4th resistance R 4 are pull-up resistor, the second resistance R 2 and the second capacitor C 2 consist of the RC low pass filter, the 3rd resistance R 3 and the 3rd capacitor C 3 consist of low pass filter, diode D1 is clamp diode, and U1A and U1B are differential comparator, i.e. dual comparator, the input of dual comparator has upper limit voltage and lower limit voltage, and described default voltage limit value comprises upper limit voltage and lower limit voltage.
The operation principle of described motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection is:
Hall current sensor gathers the motor three-phase current signal and is converted into voltage signal, and this voltage signal is by after drawing on the first capacitor C 1 filtering and the first resistance R 1 afterwards:
One tunnel RC low pass filter that consists of via the second electric capacity R2 and the second capacitor C 2 enters comparing element, and the output signal of comparing element forms comparative result after drawing on the 4th resistance R 4, and this comparison signal is sent into the digital quantity interface of dsp chip.If the voltage signal that Hall current sensor is exported is between upper limit voltage and lower limit voltage, above-mentioned comparative result is high level; If this voltage signal is higher than upper limit voltage or lower than lower limit voltage, above-mentioned comparative result becomes low level.Dsp chip can be made corresponding action according to this comparative result.
Voltage signal behind another road, the RC low pass filter that consists of via the 3rd resistance R 3 and the 3rd capacitor C 3 and the rear formation clamper of clamper module 4 of clamp diode D1 formation, after this clamper, voltage signal is sent into the analog quantity interface of dsp chip.Dsp chip can calculate motor three-phase electricity flow valuve in real time according to voltage signal after this clamper.
Under practical service environment, in above-mentioned guard method, stipulated time T is determined by the electromagnetic interference frequency.Get 20ms in this programme.
In addition, under practical service environment, motor three-phase current maximum has determined default overcurrent protection limit value, and then has determined upper limit voltage and the lower limit voltage of comparison module 2.In this programme, get default overcurrent protection limit value and be the motor three-phase current peaked 2.5 times.And in hardware circuit, upper limit voltage and lower limit voltage can be obtained by electric resistance partial pressure.In addition, can also by changing resistance value and the capacitance of RC low pass filter, regulate the response time of overcurrent protection.
It should be noted that; although motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method of the present invention and protective circuit derive from the electric automobile field; yet it can be used equally with industrial motor field and other, field of overcurrent protection need to be set, can adjust accordingly the stipulated time T in upper limit voltage, lower limit voltage and the software of hardware circuit as required when specifically using.
Only being in sum preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not to limit practical range of the present invention.Be that all equivalences of doing according to the content of the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, all should belong to technology category of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method is characterized in that: described guard method comprises,
Gather the motor three-phase current signal and be converted into voltage signal;
Described voltage signal is compared with default voltage limit value, obtain comparative result;
Judge according to described comparative result whether described voltage signal exceeds default voltage limit value, if so, turn-offs motor control signal, and this voltage signal is carried out clamper, obtain voltage signal after clamper;
Calculate motor three-phase electricity flow valuve according to voltage signal after described clamper;
Judge whether described motor three-phase electricity flow valuve has exceeded default overcurrent protection limit value; If not, restart motor control signal.
2. motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described guard method also comprises,
After restarting motor control signal, judge that whether the comparative result that obtains in T at the appointed time exceeds default voltage limit value again, if so, turn-offs motor control signal.
3. motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described stipulated time T is 20ms.
4. the described motor in electric automobile overcurrent protection method of any one according to claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: described default overcurrent protection limit value is peaked 2.5 times of described motor three-phase current signal.
5. motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection, it is characterized in that: described protective circuit comprises, the current acquisition element is used for gathering the motor three-phase current signal and being converted into voltage signal;
Comparison module is used for described voltage signal is compared with default voltage limit value, and obtains comparative result;
The clamper module is used for described voltage signal is carried out clamper, and voltage signal after the output clamper;
Main control module is used for judging that according to described comparative result whether described voltage signal has exceeded default voltage limit value, if so, turn-offs motor control signal; And judge whether described motor three-phase electricity flow valuve has exceeded default overcurrent protection limit value; If not, restart motor control signal.
6. motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection according to claim 5; it is characterized in that: described main control module also is used for after restarting motor control signal; judge whether the comparative result that obtains in T at the appointed time exceeds default voltage limit value again; if so, turn-off motor control signal.
7. motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described comparison module comprises the first electric capacity, the first resistance, the second resistance, the second electric capacity, dual comparator; Wherein, the output of described current acquisition element is through the first capacity earth;
The output of described current acquisition element connects the first power supply through the first resistance, this output also via the second resistance be connected RC low pass filter that electric capacity consists of and connect the input of dual comparator; The output of described dual comparator connects described the first power supply through the 4th resistance, and the output of this dual comparator connects main control module; And described default voltage limit value comprises upper limit voltage and the lower limit voltage that inputs to dual comparator.
8. motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described the first power supply is the 5V power supply.
9. motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described clamper module comprises the 3rd resistance, the 3rd electric capacity and clamp diode; Wherein, the output of described current acquisition element sequentially connects main control module via RC low pass filter and the clamp diode that the 3rd resistance and the 3rd electric capacity consist of.
10. motor in electric automobile circuit overcurrent protection according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described current acquisition element is Hall current sensor; Main control module is digital signal processing chip.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103795038A (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2014-05-14 | 北京智行鸿远汽车技术有限公司 | Inverter phase current over-current hardware protection system and method for new energy automobile |
| CN106911122A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-30 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of motor controller overcurrent protection device, electric machine controller and electric automobile |
| CN108695569A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-10-23 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Current sensor calibration device |
| CN112124899A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-12-25 | 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 | Method and system for rapidly judging and processing shutdown fault of belt conveyor |
| CN114614436A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-10 | 山东新松工业软件研究院股份有限公司 | Method and system for detecting thermal overload of driver |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106911122B (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2019-04-19 | 重庆长安新能源汽车科技有限公司 | A kind of motor controller overcurrent protective device, electric machine controller and electric car |
| CN108695569A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-10-23 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Current sensor calibration device |
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| CN112124899A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-12-25 | 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 | Method and system for rapidly judging and processing shutdown fault of belt conveyor |
| CN114614436A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-10 | 山东新松工业软件研究院股份有限公司 | Method and system for detecting thermal overload of driver |
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Address after: Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230022 East Road No. 176 Patentee after: Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Limited by Share Ltd Address before: Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230022 East Road No. 176 Patentee before: Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Co., Ltd. |
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Address after: 230601 No. 99 Ziyun Road, Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone, Anhui Province Patentee after: Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Limited by Share Ltd Address before: 230022 No. 176 Dongliu Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province Patentee before: Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Limited by Share Ltd |