CN103148598A - Absorption-particle-based flat plate solar collector - Google Patents
Absorption-particle-based flat plate solar collector Download PDFInfo
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- CN103148598A CN103148598A CN2013100987790A CN201310098779A CN103148598A CN 103148598 A CN103148598 A CN 103148598A CN 2013100987790 A CN2013100987790 A CN 2013100987790A CN 201310098779 A CN201310098779 A CN 201310098779A CN 103148598 A CN103148598 A CN 103148598A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an absorption-particle-based flat plate solar collector. The absorption-particle-based flat plate solar collector is structurally characterized by sequentially consisting of a border, a thermal insulating layer, a working medium, a metal substrate, absorption fluid and a low-radiation module from a bottom layer to a top layer, wherein the absorption fluid consists of particles capable of absorbing the energy of the whole solar spectrum and fluid, and an absorption rate can reach 100 percent. A high-absorption function is separated from a low-radiation function, and a mutual restriction relationship between the high-absorption function and the low-radiation function is eliminated, so that the absorption rate can reach 100 percent on the premise of not taking the emissivity of the absorption fluid into account, solar energy reaching the absorption fluid can be completely absorbed, the thermal collection efficiency of the flat plate solar collector can be remarkably improved, and the application range of the flat plate solar collector is greatly widened.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of solar, relate to a kind of solar thermal collector, particularly a kind of be suitable for various high, medium and low temperature solar heat utilizations, based on the plate solar collector of absorbing particles.
Technical background
Energy problem is that worldwide faces one of distinct issues the most, and solar energy inexhaustible, the nexhaustible clean energy resource that is the mankind.The solar energy optical-thermal conversion is a kind of the most universal, the main form that in present world wide, solar energy utilizes, and wherein the most representative is exactly solar water heater.China has become and has produced in the world solar water heater maximum country, also has maximum in the world Solar Heater Market simultaneously.Can predict, solar water heater will become the solar energy of not replacing and utilize form.
The type of solar water heater is a lot, and its structure mainly is comprised of heat collector and storage heater two large divisions, and wherein heat collector is key problem in technology, is directly connected to utilization ratio, the serviceability of solar water heater and the ambient temperature conditions that can normally move.Be widely used at present solar water heater in daily life according to the difference of heat collector by using basically can be divided three classes season:
The first kind: can only use under summer or hot climate.Closing-sunning type and ordinary flat formula are generally arranged.
Equations of The Second Kind: can use during higher than zero degree in spring, summer, autumn and minimum environment temperature, main Types have all-glass vacuum tube type and double glazing flat.This type of heat collector must discharge water during lower than zero degree inactive at temperature, otherwise will cause the frostbite evil of heat collector.
The 3rd class: can use in any weather in the whole year, mainly contain heat pipe glass vacuum tube type heat collector.20th century the mid-80; solar water heater take flat plate solar collector as critical piece has begun to take shape industry in China; this is for saving conventional energy resource, conservation of nature environment and improving the people's livelihood and all brought into play positive effect; yet because flat-plate solar heat collector can only provide low-temperature water heating and generally can not whole year operation, range of application is restricted.Be further to improve the operating temperature of heat collector, widen the Application of Solar Energy field, researched and developed all-glass vacuum tube type solar thermal collector and heat pipe one electron tubes type solar thermal collector.
The solar thermal collector of having widely applied mainly contains flat type solar heat collector, all-glass vacuum tube type solar thermal collector, hot pipe type solar heat collector, heat pipe one electron tubes type solar thermal collector, and wherein the all-glass vacuum tube type solar thermal collector captures most domestic market.But the per day efficient of flat type solar heat collector is higher than electron tubes type solar thermal collector in theory, and country is advocating energy-saving and emission-reduction energetically, because flat plate solar water heater separates with storage tank, more flexible, more perfect with Integration of building, easily realize and architecture-integral, caused the concern of industry.Therefore, from the development trend of solar energy collector, the flat solar water heater has huge development potentiality.
Once the flat plate solar water heater that accounted for China's solar water heater dominant position the eighties in 20th century was substituted by full glass vacuum tube solar water heater in nearly more than 20 years gradually, and the market share descends year by year, now had been down to 15% left and right.Yet such variation does not occur in external solar thermal collector same period market, and flat plate solar water heater still accounts for dominant position in the world.The hot property of external flat-plate solar collector is compared with all-glass solar vacuum tubular collector, almost there is no difference when the domestic hot water is provided.Authority's Switzerland SPF shows (based on Aperture) to many factory's testing results, and flat-plate solar collector efficiency curve intercept is 0.78～0.81, and heat loss coefficient is at 3.54～4.03W/ (m
2K); 0.53～0.61, heat loss coefficient is at 1.30～2.22W/ (m for full glass tube vacuum pipe heat collector (inserted heat pipe or U-shaped pipe)
2K).When hot water for life was provided, take Switzerland middle part weather as example, flat-plate solar collector was output as 485～541W/ (m the whole year
2K), full glass tube vacuum pipe heat collector is output as 466～561W/ (m the whole year
2K).Although the heat loss coefficient of full glass tube vacuum pipe heat collector is far below flat-plate solar collector, the intercept of flat-plate solar collector efficiency curve is far above full glass tube vacuum pipe heat collector.It is to be noted that mostly the all-glass solar vacuum tubular collector that SPF detects is close arranging pipe.Domestic all-glass solar vacuum tubular collector tube pitch is much bigger, and the thermal efficiency is also lower.
Although the theoretic per day efficient of flat-plate solar collector is higher than electron tubes type solar thermal collector, and the hot property of external flat-plate solar collector is compared with all-glass solar vacuum tubular collector, almost there is no difference when the domestic hot water is provided, still accounts for dominant position.But the market share of China's flat-plate solar collector is very low, and weak effect, cost are high.External flat-plate solar collector generally adopts the higher selective coating absorber plate of performance, and the sunshine absorptivity is greater than 90%, and infrared emittance is less than 6%.And the absorber plate of China's flat-plate solar collector, the best infrared emittance of performance is also higher than 20%, and as black nickel (being used for aluminium sheet) or the black chromium (being used for copper coin) of electrochemical treatments, some manufacturer is also at the pitch-dark coating of serviceability extreme difference.
Therefore, flat-plate solar collector (especially China) also has and significantly improves and the space of improving, and key is to improve collecting efficiency and reduces heat loss coefficient.Determined the collecting efficiency of whole heat collector due to the absorptivity size of selective coating, its emissivity has determined the height of heat loss coefficient, thereby topmost improvement approach is exactly improve the sunshine absorptivity of selective coating absorber plate and reduce infrared emittance.
Yet, because existing technological approaches is to wish to realize for the high-absorbility of sunshine and the low-launch-rate of medium-wave infrared on same material system, need to the same material system optimized simultaneously this aspect two performance be current whole domestic and international industrial circle all in the direction of making great efforts, also aspect cost and weather resisteant, the requirement that cost is low as far as possible, weather resisteant is good is being proposed whole material system simultaneously.Patent of the present invention is exactly to have proposed a kind of new solution route for these problems.
Summary of the invention
Can't absorb for existing flat-plate solar collector technology and product the deficiency that solar energy and absorptivity and emissivity can't reach the best simultaneously fully, the invention discloses and a kind ofly can absorb solar energy fully based on absorbing particles, and with infrared low emission and two kinds of flat-plate solar collector structures that key function is separated of the high absorption of solar energy, make two kinds of functions can accomplish respectively the best.Therefore can solve well existing crucial absorbed layer and can't take into account the difficult problem of high absorption and low emission function, when improving solar energy heating efficient, reduce radiation loss, reach the purpose of at utmost utilizing solar energy.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is a kind of new flat-plate solar collector structure and absorber, it is characterized in that comprising structure as shown in Figure 1, formed by frame 1, thermal insulation layer 2, working media 3, metal substrate 4, absorption fluids 5 and hollow module or low Radiation Module 6 successively to top layer from bottom.Thermal insulation layer 2 is positioned at the heat collector bottom; What its upper strata coated is copper medium tube or the dielectric cavity of splendid attire working media 3, and medium tube or dielectric cavity are laid the reverse side that is welded in metal substrate 4; In the cavity of absorption fluids 6 splendid attires between lower floor's glass 61 of metal substrate 4 and hollow module or low Radiation Module 6; Hollow module or low Radiation Module 6 are positioned at the superiors of heat collector; Total is fixed in one by frame 1.
The material of described thermal insulation layer 2 is rock wool, mineral wool, polyurethane, blowing agent, polystyrene, aeroge or phenol formaldehyde foam.
Described working media 3 is heat-conducting fluids of water, anti-icing fluid or oils.
Described metal substrate 4 adopts Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni metal, or their alloy and combination, its combination can be to be coated with another kind of metal film on a kind of metal substrate therein, preferably, take the low Al of cost as substrate, the low Cu of infrared emittance as substrate or cost and infrared emittance all the lower upper plating of Al Cu film as substrate.
Described absorption fluids 5 forms by containing particle and the fluid that can absorb whole solar energy spectral coverage energy, and absorptivity can reach 100%; The particle that can absorb solar energy spectral coverage energy comprises gold grain, silver-colored particle, copper particle, SiO
2The single of particle, nano magnetic particle plants or mix the sunshine absorbing particles, and be preferred, adopts the hybrid particles that is combined to form by several particles that absorb the sunshine different spectral coverage; Described fluid adopts sugar juice, polystyrene, benzene, glycerine, turpentine oil, olive oil, and carbon tetrachloride, or adopt the combination of these solution is preferred, with 80% sugar juice and glycerine as fluid.
Described hollow module from bottom to top successively by glass 61, be positioned at the hollow layer 63 of 61 tops, the sealing strip 62 of support hollow layer 63, and formed by the upper strata glass 64 that is positioned at the hollow layer top that sealing strip connects; Wherein low Radiation Module 6 from bottom to top successively by glass 61, be deposited on low-emissivity film 62 on 61, be positioned at the hollow layer 64 of 62 tops, the sealing strip 63 of support hollow layer 64, and formed by the upper strata glass 65 that is positioned at the hollow layer top that sealing strip connects.
The basic functional principle of flat-plate solar collector structure disclosed in this invention is: sunlight incides on absorption fluids 5 by low Radiation Module 6, be absorbed and be converted into heat after fluid 5 all absorbs, the metal substrate 4 good by thermal conductivity is passed to working media 3 with heat, with working media 3 heating, and by working media 3, heat is taken away to heat exchanger and carried out cycle heat exchange, thereby reach the purpose of solar thermal utilization.
For the solar water heater that heat collector of the present invention one of is used, working media 3 is taken away heat to the heat exchanger of heat storage water tank and is carried out cycle heat exchange, and the heating of the water in water tank is used the most at last.Thermal insulation layer 2 is arranged at the absorption fluids 5 that during due to work, in flat-plate solar collector, temperature is the highest and the bottom of working media 3, prevents that heat is by bottom escape loss; The glass of poor thermal conductivity and the low Radiation Module 6 of hollow are arranged at top, have prevented conduction and the radiation loss of heat by top, greatly reduce the heat loss coefficient of product.
Described thermal insulation layer 2 adopts good heat insulating, i.e. the little material of thermal conductivity, and not yielding or volatilization does not produce toxic gas, does not absorb, and usually requires thermal conductivity to be not more than 0.06W/ (m* ℃).Preferably, described thermal insulation layer is that polyurethane plate is combined with blowing agent, or the thermal insulation layer of blowing agent formation.
Described working media 3 is heat-conducting fluid, preferably, described working media is anti-icing fluid, can use pump to drive anti-icing fluid cycle heat exchange between the heat exchanger of flat-plate solar collector and heat storage water tank, freezing and freezing problem of water in flat-plate solar collector can be fundamentally solved like this, the problem of water fouling in flat-plate solar collector can be eliminated simultaneously.
Described metal substrate 4 is for being coated with the substrate of absorbing film, Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni metal, alloy that can various good heat conductivity or combination is as substrate mutually, and its combination can be to be coated with another kind of metal film on a kind of metal substrate therein.Preferably, take the low Al of cost as substrate or the low Cu of infrared emittance as substrate or cost and infrared emittance all the lower upper plating of Al Cu film as substrate.
Described absorption fluids 5 is for to contain the fluid that can absorb solar energy spectral coverage energetic particles, and wherein the sunshine absorbing particles comprises gold grain, silver-colored particle, copper particle, SiO
2Particle, nano magnetic particle etc. are single plants or hybrid particles.Wherein, the absorption spectra of different size Ag nano particle as shown in Figure 2, as can be seen from Figure, the absorption peak of different size Ag nano particle is different.The absorption spectra of pure Ag, pure Au and different proportioning Au-Ag composite nanometer particles as shown in Figure 3, as can be seen from the figure, the absworption peak significant difference of different Au-Ag ratio composite nanometer particles, therefore, can regulate sun Optical Absorption by proportioning and the size of regulating different nano materials, make the energy of whole sunshine spectral coverage all be absorbed by nano particle, thereby reach the purpose that absorbs solar energy fully.Preferably, adopt the hybrid particles that is combined to form by several particles that absorb the sunshine different spectral coverage, absorptivity can near 100%, absorb solar energy fully.Described fluid, the glass 61 on its refractive index and upper strata approaches, thereby makes the solar energy that incides absorption fluids 5 be reflected back as few as possible, reaches the purpose that takes full advantage of solar energy.Described fluid comprises common sugar juice, polystyrene, benzene, glycerine, turpentine oil, olive oil, carbon tetrachloride etc.Preferably, with 80% inexpensive, nontoxic sugar juice (refractive index 1.490) and glycerine (1.4730).
Described coated glass 61 is for being coated with simple glass, building glass or the float glass of low transmitting film 62, and thickness is 2～20mm.Preferably, with the good float glass of surface smoothness as coated glass.
Described low transmitting film 62 is in order to prevent that the solar energy that flat-plate solar collector is collected by absorbing film 5 from escaping with the form of radiation, to reduce the heat loss coefficient of whole heat collector, improve efficiency of utilization, can adopt low radiation monofilm or multilayer complex films, as single silverskin system, two silverskin system and three silverskin systems.Preferably, with emissivity can be less than 5%, lower-cost single silverskin system is coated on coated glass 61 as low transmitting film.
Described sealing strip 63 is weather-proof sealing strips.
Described hollow layer 64 is sealed in the hollow layer between coated glass 61 and upper strata glass 65, comprises the inert gases such as air, nitrogen and argon gas, also can be evacuated; Its effect mainly contains two aspects: the low transmitting film that 1) is coated with on protection coated glass 61, avoid its oxidation or sex change; 2) play effect heat insulation and the reduction heat loss.Preferably, hollow layer can be evacuated, with the heat loss coefficient of the whole heat collector of remarkable reduction.
Described upper strata glass 65 materials can be identical with coated glass 61, also can be different; Thickness can be identical with coated glass 61, also can be different, its thickness guarantee under the prerequisite of sufficient intensity thin as far as possible, to improve the light transmittance of sunlight.Preferably, upper strata glass 65 adopts safety glass, when guaranteeing transmitance, improves the security of whole solar thermal collector.
The calculated results based on collector structure of the present invention shows, vacuum layer (perhaps being inert gas or the air) thickness that is 4mm, intermediate seal when the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation layer thickness that is 0.005W/ (m ℃), glass 61 and 65 is 16mm or 20mm, and solar energy irradiation earth power is 1000W/m
2When (this numerical value is generally taked in the solar cell analog computation), suppose that irradiation all arrives absorbed layer, the absorptivity of absorption fluids 5 is 100%, emptyly burns temperature with the variation of emissivity as shown in Figure 4.When emissivity is 0.01, the empty high temperature solar heat utilization that temperature can be up to 503 ℃ (T〉400 ℃) zone of burning, this kind flat-plate solar collector can directly be used for generating, and its structure is simple more than existing light heat generator, and cost is also much lower; When emissivity increased gradually, the empty temperature of burning descended rapidly, tends towards stability at last.Less than 0.025 the time, the empty temperature of burning all is in high temperature solar heat utilization zone more than 400 ℃ when emissivity.When emissivity was between 0.025～0.10, the empty temperature of burning still was in middle temperature solar heat utilization (400 ℃〉T〉100 ℃) zone of 397 ℃～250 ℃, and efficient is very high.If for the low-temperature solar energy heat utilization of common solar water heater (T＜100 ℃), also much lower to the requirement of emissivity, therefore wide, the cost of optional material ranges can significantly descend.Therefore, adopt novel heat collector structure proposed by the invention, the performance indications requirement that can exceed easily the low-temperature solar energy heat utilization, reach the performance indications of middle temperature solar heat utilization, significantly reduce restriction and requirement to material, thereby make carrying the high performance while, reduce costs.Even can be applied directly to high temperature solar heat utilization field, for improve the flat-plate solar collector performance, reduce costs, expanded application field and to enlarge market highly beneficial.
Consider the energy transmitance of practical structures, (namely only have 600W/m to only have 60% solar energy
2Irradiation) can arrive absorption fluids 5 and calculate, emptyly burn temperature with the variation of emissivity as shown in Figure 5.When emissivity increased gradually, the empty temperature of burning descended rapidly, tends towards stability at last.When the emissivity of low transmitter module 6 was 0.01, the empty temperature of burning can reach the middle temperature solar heat utilization of 357 ℃; As long as the emissivity of low-launch-rate module 6 less than 0.022, all can make the empty temperature of burning over 300 ℃.Emissivity is between 0.022～0.10 the time, emptyly burns the zone (184 ℃＜T＜300 ℃) that temperature still can reach middle temperature solar heat utilization.Therefore, adopt novel heat collector structure proposed by the invention, the performance indications requirement that can exceed easily the low-temperature solar energy heat utilization, reach the performance indications of middle temperature solar heat utilization, significantly reduce restriction and requirement to material, thereby make carrying the high performance while, reduce costs, for improve the flat-plate solar collector performance, reduce costs, expanded application field and to enlarge market highly beneficial.
Adopted technique scheme, the present invention has following positive effect:
(1) compared to existing flat-plate solar collector structure, the present invention separates design with high the absorption with two kinds of key functions of infrared low emission of sunshine, can accomplish respectively the best, solved well and had the difficult problem that to take into account high absorption and low emission function on the same material system now, can obtain simultaneously the flat-plate solar collector of high absorption and low radiation, absorptivity and emissivity reach respectively 100% and 1%, significantly improve collecting efficiency and the heat loss coefficient of flat-plate solar collector.
(2) due to absorptivity and emissivity can independent design, The Gift of Being the Best You Can Be respectively, therefore the efficiency of utilization of heat collector significantly improves, temperature is burnt in high-altitude can be over 500 ℃, be suitable for various high, medium and low temperature solar heat utilizations, even can be directly used in generating, greatly expand the scope of application of flat-plate solar collector.
(3) owing to having adopted composite solar light absorption particle to make the absorptivity of absorption fluids reach 100%, can significantly improve the collecting efficiency of heat collector on the one hand, significantly reduced on the other hand the requirement of whole heat collector emissivity, flexibility and the range of choice of product design have greatly been increased, can for the corresponding material of concrete Market Selection and structure, be conducive to reduce costs.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 high-efficient flat-plate solar thermal collector disclosed in this invention structural representation;
Attached number in the figure is:
1, frame;
2, thermal insulation layer;
3, working media;
4, metal substrate;
5, absorption fluids;
6, low Radiation Module;
61, coated glass;
62, low transmitting film;
63, sealing strip;
64, hollow layer;
65, upper strata glass.
The absorption spectra of accompanying drawing 2 different size Ag nano particles.
The absorption spectra of the pure Ag of accompanying drawing 3, pure Au and different proportioning Au-Ag composite nanometer particles.
Accompanying drawing 4 hypothesis 1000W/m
2When irradiation can all arrive heat-sink shell, in different emissivity situations, the empty temperature of burning was with the change curve of emissivity.
Accompanying drawing 5 hypothesis 1000W/m
2When irradiation only had 60% can arrive heat-sink shell, in different emissivity situations, the empty temperature of burning was with the change curve of emissivity.
Accompanying drawing 6 another kind of high-efficient flat-plate solar thermal collector structural representation disclosed in this invention;
Attached number in the figure is:
1, frame;
2, thermal insulation layer;
3, working media;
4, metal substrate;
5, absorption fluids;
6, hollow module;
61, lower floor's glass;
62, sealing strip;
63, hollow layer;
64, upper strata glass.
The specific embodiment
For making content of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, further set forth the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, these embodiment only are used for explanation the present invention, but the present invention is not limited only to following examples.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is elaborated:
Embodiment 1: the empty temperature of burning is in the flat-plate solar collector structure of low-temperature solar energy heat utilization scope
The described flat-plate solar collector structure of the present embodiment is comprised of frame 1, thermal insulation layer 2, working media 3, metal substrate 4, absorption fluids 5 and hollow module 6 to top layer successively from bottom as shown in Figure 6.Thermal insulation layer 2 is positioned at the heat collector bottom; What its upper strata coated is copper medium tube or the dielectric cavity of splendid attire working media 3, and medium tube or dielectric cavity are laid the reverse side that is welded in metal substrate 4; In the cavity of absorption fluids 6 splendid attires between lower floor's glass 61 of metal substrate 4 and hollow module or low Radiation Module 6; Hollow module 6 is positioned at the superiors of heat collector; Total is fixed in one by frame 1.
Described thermal insulation layer 2 is that polyurethane plate is combined with blowing agent, or the thermal insulation layer of blowing agent formation.
Described working media 3 is antifreeze conductive fluid, can fundamentally solve freezing and freezing problem of water in flat-plate solar collector, eliminates simultaneously the problem of water fouling in flat-plate solar collector.
Described metal substrate 4 is for being coated with the substrate of absorbing film, and the present embodiment adopts the low Al substrate of cost.
Described absorption fluids 5 is for to contain the fluid that can absorb solar energy spectral coverage energetic particles, and wherein the sunshine absorbing particles is silver-colored particle, copper particle, SiO
2Hybrid particles, absorptivity reaches 95%.Described fluid, the glass 61 on its refractive index and upper strata approaches, thereby makes the solar energy that incides absorption fluids 5 be reflected back as few as possible, reaches the purpose that takes full advantage of solar energy.Described fluid is inexpensive, nontoxic 80% sugar juice (refractive index 1.490).
Described lower floor glass 61 is the thick float glass of 4mm.
Described sealing strip 62 is weather-proof sealing strips.
Described hollow layer 63 is sealed in the air layer between lower floor's glass 61 and upper strata glass 64.
Described upper strata glass 64 is the thick float glass of 4mm.
The theoretical empty temperature of burning that see through to arrive absorbed layer based on above-mentioned collector structure parameter, energy take 60% is 156 ℃.
The flat-plate solar collector of the present embodiment is applicable in the daily solar water heater of low-temperature solar energy heat utilization fully.
Embodiment 2: the empty temperature of burning is in the flat-plate solar collector structure of middle temperature solar heat utilization scope
The described flat-plate solar collector structure of the present embodiment is comprised of frame 1, thermal insulation layer 2, working media 3, metal substrate 4, absorption fluids 5 and low Radiation Module 6 to top layer successively from bottom as shown in Figure 1.Thermal insulation layer 2 is positioned at the heat collector bottom; What its upper strata coated is copper medium tube or the dielectric cavity of splendid attire working media 3, and medium tube or dielectric cavity are laid the reverse side that is welded in metal substrate 4; In the cavity of absorption fluids 6 splendid attires between lower floor's glass 61 of metal substrate 4 and hollow module or low Radiation Module 6; Low Radiation Module 6 is positioned at the superiors of heat collector; Total is fixed in one by frame 1.
Described thermal insulation layer 2 is that polyurethane plate is combined with blowing agent, or the thermal insulation layer of blowing agent formation.
Described working media 3 is antifreeze conductive fluid, can fundamentally solve freezing and freezing problem of water in flat-plate solar collector, eliminates simultaneously the problem of water fouling in flat-plate solar collector.
Described metal substrate 4 is for being coated with the substrate of absorbing film, and the present embodiment adopts the low Al substrate of cost.
Described absorption fluids 5 is for to contain the fluid that can absorb solar energy spectral coverage energetic particles, and wherein the sunshine absorbing particles is gold grain, copper particle, SiO
2Hybrid particles, absorptivity reaches 98%.Described fluid, the glass 61 on its refractive index and upper strata approaches, thereby makes the solar energy that incides absorption fluids 5 be reflected back as few as possible, reaches the purpose that takes full advantage of solar energy.Described fluid is inexpensive, nontoxic glycerine (refractive index 1.4730).
Described coated glass 61 is the thick float glass of 4mm.
Described low transmitting film 62 be take emissivity as 6%, the single silverskin system of better performances is coated on coated glass 61 as low transmitting film, film structure is Glass/ZnO/Ag/ZnO/Si
3N
4
Described sealing strip 63 is weather-proof sealing strips.
Described hollow layer 64 is sealed in the blanket of nitrogen between coated glass 61 and upper strata glass 65.
Described upper strata glass 65 is the thick float glass of 4mm.
The theoretical empty temperature of burning that see through to arrive absorbed layer based on above-mentioned collector structure parameter, energy take 60% is 218 ℃.
The flat-plate solar collector of the present embodiment is applicable in the daily solar thermal collector of middle temperature solar heat utilization fully.
Embodiment 3: the empty temperature of burning is in the flat-plate solar collector structure of middle temperature solar heat utilization scope
The described flat-plate solar collector structure of the present embodiment is comprised of frame 1, thermal insulation layer 2, working media 3, metal substrate 4, absorption fluids 5 and low Radiation Module 6 to top layer successively from bottom as shown in Figure 1.Thermal insulation layer 2 is positioned at the heat collector bottom; What its upper strata coated is copper medium tube or the dielectric cavity of splendid attire working media 3, and medium tube or dielectric cavity are laid the reverse side that is welded in metal substrate 4; In the cavity of absorption fluids 6 splendid attires between lower floor's glass 61 of metal substrate 4 and hollow module or low Radiation Module 6; Low Radiation Module 6 is positioned at the superiors of heat collector; Total is fixed in one by frame 1.
Described thermal insulation layer 2 is that polyurethane plate is combined with blowing agent, or the thermal insulation layer of blowing agent formation.
Described working media 3 is antifreeze conductive fluid, can fundamentally solve freezing and freezing problem of water in flat-plate solar collector, eliminates simultaneously the problem of water fouling in flat-plate solar collector.
Described metal substrate 4 is for being coated with the substrate of absorbing film, and the present embodiment adopts the low Al substrate of cost.
Described absorption fluids 5 is for containing the fluid that can absorb solar energy spectral coverage energetic particles, and wherein the sunshine absorbing particles is that gold grain, silver-colored particle, copper particle mix, and absorptivity reaches 100%.Described fluid, the glass 61 on its refractive index and upper strata approaches, thereby makes the solar energy that incides absorption fluids 5 be reflected back as few as possible, reaches the purpose that takes full advantage of solar energy.Described fluid is inexpensive, nontoxic glycerine (refractive index 1.4730).
Described coated glass 61 is the thick float glass of 8mm.
Described low transmitting film 62 be take emissivity as 1%, single silverskin system that performance is good is coated on coated glass 61 as low transmitting film, film structure is Glass/ZnO/Ag/ZnO/Si
3N
4
Described sealing strip 63 is weather-proof sealing strips.
Described hollow layer 64 is sealed in the vacuum layer between coated glass 61 and upper strata glass 65.
Described upper strata glass 65 is the thick float glass of 8mm.
The theoretical empty temperature of burning that see through to arrive absorbed layer based on above-mentioned collector structure parameter, energy take 60% is 356 ℃.
The flat-plate solar collector of the present embodiment is applicable in the daily solar thermal collector of middle temperature solar heat utilization fully.
Claims (7)
1. plate solar collector based on absorbing particles, be comprised of frame (1), thermal insulation layer (2), working media (3), metal substrate (4), absorption fluids (5) and hollow module or low Radiation Module (6) successively to top layer from bottom, it is characterized in that: described thermal insulation layer (2) is positioned at the heat collector bottom; What its upper strata coated is copper medium tube and the dielectric cavity of splendid attire working media (3), and medium tube and dielectric cavity are laid the reverse side that is welded in metal substrate (4); In the cavity of absorption fluids (5) splendid attire between lower floor's glass (61) of metal substrate (4) and hollow module or low Radiation Module (6); Hollow module or low Radiation Module (6) are positioned at the superiors of heat collector; Total is fixed as one by frame (1).
2. a kind of plate solar collector based on absorbing particles according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the material of described thermal insulation layer (2) is rock wool, mineral wool, polyurethane, blowing agent, polystyrene, aeroge or phenol formaldehyde foam.
3. a kind of plate solar collector based on absorbing particles according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described working media (3) is the heat-conducting fluid of water, anti-icing fluid or oils.
4. a kind of plate solar collector based on absorbing particles according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described metal substrate (4) adopts Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni metal, or their alloy and combination, its combination can be to be coated with another kind of metal film on a kind of metal substrate therein, preferably, take the low Al of cost as substrate, the low Cu of infrared emittance as substrate or cost and infrared emittance all the lower upper plating of Al Cu film as substrate.
5. a kind of plate solar collector based on absorbing particles according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described absorption fluids (5) forms by containing particle and the fluid that can absorb whole sun power spectrum wave band energy, and absorptivity can reach 100%; The particle that can absorb sun power spectrum wave band energy comprises gold grain, silver-colored particle, copper particle, SiO
2The single of particle, nano magnetic particle plants or mix the sunshine absorbing particles, and be preferred, adopts the hybrid particles that is combined to form by several particles that absorb the sunshine different-waveband; Described fluid adopts sugar juice, polystyrene, benzene, glycerine, turpentine oil, olive oil, and carbon tetrachloride, or adopt the combination of these solution is preferred, with 80% sugar juice and glycerine as fluid.
6. a kind of plate solar collector based on absorbing particles according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described hollow module is from bottom to top successively by glass (61), the hollow layer (63) that is positioned at glass (61) top, the sealing strip (62) of support hollow layer (63), and is comprised of the upper strata glass (64) that is positioned at the hollow layer top that sealing strip connects.
7. a kind of plate solar collector based on absorbing particles according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described low Radiation Module (6) from bottom to top successively by glass (61), be deposited on low-emissivity film (62) on glass (61), be positioned at the hollow layer (64) of (62) top, the sealing strip (63) of support hollow layer (64), and formed by the upper strata glass (65) that is positioned at the hollow layer top that sealing strip connects.
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| CN2013100987790A CN103148598A (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2013-03-26 | Absorption-particle-based flat plate solar collector |
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| CN201210393589.7 | 2012-10-16 | ||
| CN201210393589 | 2012-10-16 | ||
| CN2013100987790A CN103148598A (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2013-03-26 | Absorption-particle-based flat plate solar collector |
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| CN2013201424666U Expired - Lifetime CN203249398U (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2013-03-26 | Solar flat plate collector based on absorption particles |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106052159A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-10-26 | 浙江大学 | Gas-solid two-phase heat exchange and heat storage type solar heat collection system and method |
| CN109579319A (en) * | 2019-01-05 | 2019-04-05 | 德州金亨新能源有限公司 | A kind of cold-resistant high-efficient flat-plate type solar thermal collector of low-loss |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103148598A (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2013-06-12 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Absorption-particle-based flat plate solar collector |
| CN104062696B (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-07-06 | 赵小峰 | A kind of reflecting plate and mounting structure thereof |
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| CN106052159A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-10-26 | 浙江大学 | Gas-solid two-phase heat exchange and heat storage type solar heat collection system and method |
| CN106052159B (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2017-12-26 | 浙江大学 | A kind of gas-particle two-phase heat exchange heat accumulation type solar thermal collection system and method |
| CN109579319A (en) * | 2019-01-05 | 2019-04-05 | 德州金亨新能源有限公司 | A kind of cold-resistant high-efficient flat-plate type solar thermal collector of low-loss |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN203249398U (en) | 2013-10-23 |
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Application publication date: 20130612 |